The genetic snapshot from M3/40A comprises eight individuals (sample count = 8). Y-chromosome results show R lineages in two males and a G lineage in one male; mitochondrial diversity includes T2b (2), H59 (1), I (1), J (1), and HV0 (1). These markers, viewed together with archaeological context, paint a picture of mixed ancestry at this Transtisza locality.
Y-haplogroup R is broadly distributed across Eurasia and is frequently associated with steppe-derived male lineages in Late Bronze Age and Iron Age contexts; its presence here is consistent with Sarmatian and other steppe-affiliated populations. Haplogroup G is less common in steppe-dominant assemblages and can reflect ties to Near Eastern, Caucasus, or early farming-derived lineages in Europe, suggesting either pre-existing local ancestry or incoming diversity.
Mitochondrial haplogroups such as T2b and H variants are widespread in Europe and West Eurasia and point to matrilineal diversity, reflecting both local Central European maternal backgrounds and long-distance mobility. H59 and HV0 are relatively rare and highlight microregional variation.
Because autosomal data and larger comparative datasets are essential for fine-scale admixture modeling, all genetic interpretations here are tentative. With n<10, statistical power is low; these findings suggest a multi-ancestral community consistent with steppe influence and local admixture, but more genomes are needed to test models of continuity, migration, or sex-biased gene flow.
