Sagan-Zaba II and Lake Baikal lifeways
Sagan-Zaba II
Repeated cove occupations preserve seal and other animal remains, tools, and changing food practices. Different depositional phases capture distinct uses of the lakeshore.
Landscapes, communities, and changing institutions
Rivers, lakes, forests, steppe, mountains, and Arctic connections
Lake ice, boats, coves, fish, seals, wild ungulates, and later herding linked changing communities.
Political organization and community scale
Food processing and travel can be investigated; political organization and language cannot be inferred from animal proportions.
Later transformation, living heritage, and modern reception
Baikal has living cultural significance. Food histories do not adjudicate modern Buryat or other identities, and reservoir effects require careful explanation.
Their frequency is affected by recovery and deposition.
Offsets vary and need contextual correction.
Continuity of place does not prove continuity of identity.
简洁、来源化的时间表
这些里程碑是指向点,而不是完整的历史.
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Hunting and fishing continue in varied forms
Faunal assemblages record selected episodes, not every year.
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Pastoral practices enter the record
Some mixed layers complicate the relationship between foragers and herders.
Livelihoods, material evidence, and language limits
本简介中命名的语言
- No directly attested local language
语言家庭: Not recoverable from material styles alone
Seal hunting
Mixed deposits
Aquatic dating effects
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本页使用的来源
Use accountable excavation reports, institutional collections, academic chronologies, and Indigenous-rights resources. Original prose is linked to registered sources. Source inclusion does not imply endorsement. Do not use Wikipedia as a registered source.
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C1
Timing of archaic hominin occupation of Denisova Cave in southern Siberia
Jacobs et al., Nature · Peer-reviewed dating study · 2019
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C2
Long-distance exchange of obsidian in the High Arctic during the Early Holocene
Pitulko et al., Antiquity · Primary obsidian-provenancing study · 2019
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C3
A freshwater old carbon offset in Lake Baikal, Siberia and problems with the radiocarbon dating of archaeological sediments
Nomokonova et al., Quaternary International · Peer-reviewed reservoir-effect study · 2013
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C4
New Radiocarbon Dates and a Review of the Chronology of Prehistoric Populations from the Minusinsk Basin, Southern Siberia, Russia
Svyatko et al., Radiocarbon · Peer-reviewed dating study · 2009
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C5
Reindeer Imagery in the Making at Ust'-Polui in Arctic Siberia
Losey et al., Cambridge Archaeological Journal · Peer-reviewed image and animal-relations study · 2021
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C6
The Indigenous World 2026: Russia
International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs · Indigenous-rights organization report · 2026
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C7
Uyuk Tarlak inscription
Uppsala University, Database of Turkic Runiform Inscriptions · Reviewed inscription catalogue · Current academic database
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C8
Baikal Archaeology Project
University of Alberta · University archaeological project · Current project resource
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C9
Radiocarbon-based approach capable of subannual precision resolves the origins of the site of Por-Bajin
Kuitems et al., PNAS · Peer-reviewed dating study · 2020
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S1
A 9,000 Year History of Seal Hunting on Lake Baikal, Siberia: The Zooarchaeology of Sagan-Zaba II
Nomokonova et al., PLOS ONE · Peer-reviewed zooarchaeological study · 2015
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S2
A freshwater old carbon offset in Lake Baikal, Siberia and problems with the radiocarbon dating of archaeological sediments
Nomokonova et al., Quaternary International · Peer-reviewed reservoir-effect study · 2013
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S3
Baikal Archaeology Project
University of Alberta · University archaeological project · Current project resource
Editorial review: October 19, 2026