Nuotule

Ancient Chinese Frontier 100BC-900AD

by Nuotule

Ancient China’s northern frontiers were a dynamic melting pot where diverse groups interacted through both conflict and commerce. Life in these borderlands was defined by the coexistence of Han soldiers and nomadic groups such as the Huna, Serbi, Agwar, Tegreg, Turk, Yemaek, Buryeo, Okjeo, Balhae, Saka, Tocharian, Sogdian, Bactrian, Gandharian, Qiang, Thoygun, Tangut and Badi peoples. Their lifestyle revolved around pastoral or sedenterary nomadism, often engaging in military obligations.

Populations

104

Groups

0

Central Plains_Northeast Asia_Steppe 500BC_600AD

by Nuotule

Due to Neolithic interactions, upper yellow river/Inner Mongolia pastoral zone groups often serve as pseudo ancestral source populations for modern individuals who are actually merely of substantial historically-mixed central plains and northeast Asia/eastern steppe ancestry. This calculator aims to avoid such confusion.

Populations

101

Groups

0

East Asia and Neighboring Lands Early LN to Early BA (3000-1500 BC）

by Nuotule

From 3000 BC to 1500 BC, East Asia and the neighboring lands entered transformations defined by metallurgy and connectivity. In China, late Neolithic Longshan culture established walled cities and deep social hierarchies, paving the way for the earliest urban state of Erlitou culture. Meanwhile Eurasian Steppe witnessed expansion of pastoralist Yamnaya and Afanasievo cultures, followed by chariot-riding Andronovo culture. Eastward transmission of their technology reshaped WLR culture and beyond.

Populations

84

Groups

0

Realistic South-SouthWestern China 1000BC-1000AD Simplified

by Nuotule

Between 1000 BC and 1000 AD, South and Southwestern China were inhabited by vast ethnolinguistic mosaic of peoples. The region was briefly divided into the maritime and agricultural Baiyue along the southern coasts/rivers, Jingchu-Man around the DongtingLake plain, and BaShu-Dian cultures in the southwestern highlands. Imperial expansions since the Qin dynasty triggered waves of Han immigrants into the region, alongside southward migrations of TibetanBurman groups from Tibetan Plateau margin.

Populations

103

Groups

0

Ancient Chinese Frontier_1000BC-100BC

by Nuotule

Ancient China’s northern frontiers were a dynamic melting pot where diverse groups interacted through both conflict and commerce. Life in these borderlands was defined by the coexistence of Han soldiers and nomadic groups such as the Huna, Serbi, Agwar, Tegreg, Turk, Yemaek, Buryeo, Okjeo, Balhae, Saka, Tocharian, Sogdian, Bactrian, Gandharian, Qiang, Thoygun, Tangut and Badi peoples. Their lifestyle revolved around pastoral or sedenterary nomadism, often engaging in military obligations.

Populations

82

Groups

0

Realistic South-SouthWestern China 1000BC-1000AD Total

by Nuotule

Between 1000 BC and 1000 AD, South and Southwestern China were inhabited by vast ethnolinguistic mosaic of peoples. The region was briefly divided into the maritime and agricultural Baiyue along the southern coasts/rivers, Jingchu-Man around the DongtingLake plain, and BaShu-Dian cultures in the southwestern highlands. Imperial expansions since the Qin dynasty triggered waves of Han immigrants into the region, alongside southward migrations of TibetanBurman groups from Tibetan Plateau margin.

Populations

130

Groups

0

Ancient Chinese Frontier 6000BC-1000BC

by Nuotule

Ancient China’s northern frontiers were a dynamic melting pot where diverse groups interacted through both conflict and commerce. Life in these borderlands was defined by the coexistence of Han soldiers and nomadic groups such as the Huna, Serbi, Agwar, Tegreg, Turk, Yemaek, Buryeo, Okjeo, Balhae, Saka, Tocharian, Sogdian, Bactrian, Gandharian, Qiang, Thoygun, Tangut and Badi peoples. Their lifestyle revolved around pastoral or sedenterary nomadism, often engaging in military obligations.

Populations

79

Groups

0

Ancient Chinese Frontier 800AD-1250AD

by Nuotule

Ancient China’s northern frontiers were a dynamic melting pot where diverse groups interacted through both conflict and commerce. Life in these borderlands was defined by the coexistence of Han soldiers and nomadic groups such as the Huna, Serbi, Agwar, Tegreg, Turk, Yemaek, Buryeo, Okjeo, Balhae, Saka, Tocharian, Sogdian, Bactrian, Gandharian, Qiang, Thoygun, Tangut and Badi peoples. Their lifestyle revolved around pastoral or sedenterary nomadism, often engaging in military obligations.

Populations

55

Groups

0

Realistic Northeast Asia 1000BC-1000AD_Simplified_NoQilangshan/Selenge/UpperYR

by Nuotule

From 1000 BC to 1000 AD, Northeast Asia served as a dynamic crucible for diverse ethnic groups, primarily members of Donghu (Para-Mongolic), Sushen(Para-Tungusic) and Xiongnu(Para-Turkic) besides Han immigrants. Around 1000 BC, the region was characterized by the Upper Xiajiadian culture (WLR), associated with nomadic Donghu confederation, who mastered bronze technology and animal husbandry. To the east, Sushen tribes, ancestors of Boryeo and Balhae-Jurchen, inhabited the forested river basins.

Populations

31

Groups

0

Realistic Northeast Asia 1000BC-1000AD

by Nuotule

From 1000 BC to 1000 AD, Northeast Asia served as a dynamic crucible for diverse ethnic groups, primarily members of Donghu (Para-Mongolic), Sushen(Para-Tungusic) and Xiongnu(Para-Turkic) besides Han immigrants. Around 1000 BC, the region was characterized by the Upper Xiajiadian culture (WLR), associated with nomadic Donghu confederation, who mastered bronze technology and animal husbandry. To the east, Sushen tribes, ancestors of Boryeo and Balhae-Jurchen, inhabited the forested river basins.

Populations

179

Groups

0

East Asia and Neighboring Lands MN to Early LN (6000-3000 BC）

by Nuotule

From 6000 BC to 3000 BC, East Asia and neighboring lands developed distinct, co-evolving cultural spheres. In China's river valleys, agricultural societies like the Yangshao, Dawenkou, Songze, and Daxi cultures flourished in pottery, jade carving, and millet/rice farming. Meanwhile, the Eurasian Steppe saw the rise of Samara, Khvalynsk, and Botai cultures, spearheading horse domestication and metallurgy. In Northeast Asia, agricultural Hongshan rised, while HG Jeulmun/Jomon cultures maintained.

Populations

65

Groups

0

Ancient Chinese Frontier 100BC-600AD

by Nuotule

Populations

95

Groups

0

SixteenDynasties to Tang (300AD-800AD)

by Nuotule

Between 300-800AD, Northern China underwent profound ethnic fusions that reshaped culture. The era began with nomadic/pastoralist Hu groups—Xiongnu, Xianbei, Agwar, Dingling, Qiang, Di, Buryeo, Saka—moved southward and settled the region. Northern Wei dynasty accelerated integration by accustoming nomadic elites to Han language/surnames, yet overthrown by uprising frontier tribal soldiers. This blending produced the powerful Guanlong military aristocracy, which ultimately founded the Sui/Tang.

Populations

121

Groups

0

Ancient Chinese Frontier_6000BC-1000BC_PolesOnly

by Nuotule

Ancient China’s northern frontiers were a dynamic melting pot where diverse groups interacted through both conflict and commerce. Life in these borderlands was defined by the coexistence of Han soldiers and nomadic groups such as the Huna, Serbi, Agwar, Tegreg, Turk, Yemaek, Buryeo, Okjeo, Balhae, Saka, Tocharian, Sogdian, Bactrian, Gandharian, Qiang, Thoygun, Tangut and Badi peoples. Their lifestyle revolved around pastoral or sedenterary nomadism, often engaging in military obligations.

Populations

39

Groups

0