Golden Rock and household-scale island connections
Oranjestad, Sint Eustatius (source place-name, not an ancient self-designation)
Domestic structures and food deposits anchor the site in local work, while nonlocal materials indicate wider connections. Airport development affected preservation. Differences among published date summaries remain visible rather than being flattened into a founding year.
Géographie, contexte politique et héritage
Géographie historique
The island's central plain connected settlement and resources. The map points to Oranjestad, not an airport runway or archaeological access location. This is an archaeological landscape, not a mapped homeland or jurisdiction.
Organisation politique
Houses and associated work areas document a settlement, not a capital for Sint Eustatius or the northern archipelago.
Contexte contemporain
Rescue work and subsequent survey accounts show the cost of development and uneven survival. Material analysis revises connections without assigning modern ancestry. Living heritage relationships require community authority; this profile cannot decide identity, recognition, descent, or membership.
The 2013 study reports occupation around 230-890 calibrated CE, not an exact foundation year.
The 2011 survey explains why earlier large-scale rescue documentation matters.
The Saba synthesis compares island relationships without proving every connection was direct.
Uma cronologia breve e documentada
Ces repères servent d'orientation et ne constituent pas une histoire complète.
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Settlement sequence
Houses, midden deposits, and materials belong to several phases within the reported range.
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Rescue excavation
Investigations recorded settlement features before major airport-related losses.
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Survey reassessment
A later report places Golden Rock within a damaged but connected archaeological landscape.
Culture et langue en contexte
Langues mentionnées dans ce profil
- Spoken languages are not established by this site's material record
Famille linguistique: Unresolved for the archaeological context
Local households were active participants in exchange.
Geological provenance is not the same as the route or identity of a carrier.
Independent DNAGENICS AI-assisted educational summaries, not reproductions of the cited works or professional scholarly review. Cited communities, museums, researchers, universities, National Trusts, heritage authorities, UNESCO, and the National Park Service did not author or endorse this atlas. Names identify sources only; no logos, source imagery, human remains, restricted cultural expressions, or sensitive coordinates are reproduced. Public publication does not establish cultural consent. Use the site's contact channel for corrections or concerns.
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Le guide peut expliquer et relier les faits déjà présents sur cette page. Il ne peut pas interroger le web ouvert, établir une identité ou une citoyenneté, ni évaluer une ascendance ou une information génétique.
AI-generated interpretation of genetic similarity, not proof of ancestry. Informational only, not professional advice.
Read full notice
Before you continue: the analysis you are about to generate is produced by an AI model. AI output can be incomplete, inaccurate, or simply wrong. It describes statistical genetic similarity to reference populations and is not proof of ancestry, ethnicity, identity, or descent. It is provided for informational and educational purposes only, and is not medical, diagnostic, genealogical, legal, or other professional advice. Do not rely on it to make health, financial, legal, or family decisions. To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, DNA Genics, S.L. accepts no liability for any loss or decision arising from your use of this AI output.
Sources utilisées pour cette page
Prefer Caribbean heritage authorities, Indigenous and community perspectives, accountable excavation projects, original archaeological studies, and institutional collections documentation. Attribute written and oral accounts by date, genre, language, audience, and viewpoint. Historical inventories, tentative nominations, catalog records, and full excavation reports are not interchangeable.
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C1
Caribbean Archaeology and World Heritage Convention (World Heritage Papers 14)
UNESCO World Heritage Centre · Regional archaeological and heritage proceedings; historical inventory, not current inscription status · 2005
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C2
Teaching Indigenous History and Heritage: A Guide for Teachers in the Caribbean
Eldris Con Aguilar and Corinne L. Hofman; NEXUS1492, Leiden University · Educational research guide; cited for evidence methodology, not reproduced or adapted · 2017
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C3
Bringing Taíno Peoples Back Into History
Leiden University, NEXUS1492 · Institutional account of living heritage and Smithsonian exhibition · 2018-08-27
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C4
Caribbean Ties: Connected People, Then and Now
NEXUS1492, Leiden University and Caribbean partners · Collaborative archaeological outreach publication · 2019
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C5
Caribbean encounters: rescue excavations at the early colonial Island Carib site of Argyle, St. Vincent
Corinne L. Hofman and Menno L. P. Hoogland; Analecta Praehistorica Leidensia, Leiden University · Original archaeological research contribution · 2012
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C6
Late Precolonial Culinary Practices: Starch Analysis on Griddles from the Northern Caribbean
Andy J. Ciofalo and colleagues; Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory · Original peer-reviewed microbotanical study · 2019
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C7
Lucayan charred wood selection patterns: a comparative study of variability in fragile island ecosystems of the central and northern Bahamas
Vegetation History and Archaeobotany; Springer Nature · Original peer-reviewed wood-use and chronological study · 2024
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C8
Archaeological History, Memory, and Heritage at the White Marl Site, Central Village, St Catherine Parish, Jamaica
Caribbean Quarterly; Taylor & Francis · Original community and heritage research · 2023
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S1
Pre-Columbian jadeitite artifacts from the Golden Rock Site, St. Eustatius, Lesser Antilles, with special reference to jadeitite artifacts from Elliot's, Antigua
A. Garcia-Casco and colleagues; Journal of Archaeological Science · Original peer-reviewed material-provenance research · 2013
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S2
Survey Report: SE-93 and SE-133, NuStar 2011
Leiden University archaeological project · Original archaeological survey report · 2011
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S3
Saba's First Inhabitants: A Story of 3300 Years of Amerindian Occupation Prior to European Contact (1800 BC-AD 1492)
Corinne L. Hofman and Menno L. P. Hoogland; Sidestone Press · Archaeological heritage synthesis · 2016
Revisión editorial: 20 octobre 2026