The dataset of 30 genomes from England (4000–2400 BCE) provides a window into the biological makeup of early farmers in Britain. Y-chromosome calls in this collection are dominated by haplogroup I (17 occurrences), with smaller counts of R (3), CT (2) and I2 (1). These counts derive from the male subset of the sampled individuals; they indicate a strong presence of haplogroup I lineages among Neolithic males in these sites.
Mitochondrial diversity among the sampled individuals is notable for high counts of K (8), U (5), J (3), H (3) and H1c (2). Maternal haplogroup K is common in early European farmers and here suggests continuity of farmer-associated maternal lines in Neolithic England. Archaeogenomic autosomal profiles are consistent with predominant Anatolian-farmer-related ancestry admixed with local western hunter-gatherer ancestry — a pattern seen across Neolithic Britain and matching archaeological expectations of migrated farming communities mixing with resident foragers.
Caveats: some haplogroup counts are small, and the Y- and mtDNA tallies represent subsets of the 30 total genomes. Where counts are fewer than 10 for a lineage (for example many individual R and CT calls), conclusions about their frequency and regional patterning are preliminary. Broader patterns, however, point toward farmer ancestry with regional admixture and later replacement events (post-2400 BCE) that altered the genetic landscape.
