Tholing and Guge religious-political networks
Tholing (Mtho gling)
Monastic foundations, inscriptions, and later court histories reveal royal support for Buddhist institutions. Translation and building were connected to resources, work, and political legitimacy.
Highland landscapes, communities, and changing institutions
Plateau, valley, and connected regional landscapes
Upper Sutlej and western Himalayan connections joined plateau and mountain valleys. Present borders do not define the reach of ancient affiliations.
Political organization and community scale
Rulers, monastic leaders, donors, and communities held different powers. Patronage networks cannot be reduced to one homogeneous nation.
Later transformation, living heritage, and modern reception
Surviving monuments and living religious communities deserve care. A royal genealogy or sacred attribution cannot establish present identity or territory.
Research examines edicts and institutional foundations together.
The project studies fifteenth-century authors describing earlier transformations.
The prayer catalogue explicitly questions a proposed identification with Tholing.
简洁、来源化的时间表
这些里程碑是指向点,而不是完整的历史.
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Royal religious edicts
The research project places these declarations before major monastic foundations.
Households, labor, language, belief, and material evidence
本简介中命名的语言
- Tibetan in inscriptions, histories, and translation traditions
- Sanskrit in connected Buddhist learning
语言家庭: Languages of particular texts are not fixed cultural borders
Late tenth-century reforms linked religious patronage and political organization.
The date of a surviving manuscript and the date of a narrated event are different.
DNA Genics prepared this AI-assisted educational synthesis from the attributed sources. It was not authored or endorsed by those researchers or institutions. Living communities and religious custodians retain their own identities and stewardship; source corrections can be raised through the site's contact channel.
询问此已审查的配置文件
该指南可以解释和连接本页面中已经存在的事实,不能搜索开放的网络,确定身份或公民身份,也不能评估祖先和遗传信息。
AI 对遗传相似性的解读不能证明祖源。内容仅供参考，不构成专业建议。
阅读完整说明
继续前请注意，您即将生成的分析由 AI 模型提供。AI 输出可能不完整、不准确或有误。它描述与参考人群之间的统计遗传相似性，不能证明祖源、族裔、身份或血缘关系。内容仅供参考和学习，不构成医疗、诊断、家谱、法律或其他专业建议。请勿据此作出健康、财务、法律或家庭决定。在适用法律允许的最大范围内，DNA Genics, S.L. 不对使用该 AI 输出所产生的损失或决定承担责任。
本页使用的来源
Prefer accountable excavation teams, heritage authorities, academic inscription editions, institutional collections, and community-linked conservation projects. Registered sources are HTTPS and exclude Wikipedia. Royal, religious, colonial, and modern national narratives require attribution.
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C1
Archaeology of the Tibetan Plateau
Anke Hein, Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology, Springer · Academic archaeological synthesis · 2018
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C2
Middle and Late Pleistocene Denisovan subsistence at Baishiya Karst Cave
Xia et al., Nature · Primary archaeological and proteomic study · 2024
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C3
New dating indicates intermittent human occupation of the Nwya Devu Paleolithic site on the high-altitude central Tibetan Plateau during the past 45,000 years
Ge et al., Science China Earth Sciences · Primary dating study · 2024
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C4
Comment on Permanent human occupation of the central Tibetan Plateau in the early Holocene
Zhang et al., Science · Published technical challenge to permanent-occupation interpretation · 2017
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C5
Foraging and farming: archaeobotanical and zooarchaeological evidence for Neolithic exchange on the Tibetan Plateau
Ren et al., Antiquity · Primary plant and animal remains study · 2020
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C6
Old Tibetan Documents Online
Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies · Academic manuscript and inscription editions · Texts of the seventh-twelfth centuries; current critical corpus
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C7
Early West Tibetan Buddhist Monuments
Austrian Academy of Sciences · Textual and architectural research project · Archived research project
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C8
Text, Art and Performance in Bon Ritual
University of Vienna, CIRDIS · Community-linked ritual and art research · 2012-2016 project
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C9
Preserving earthen architecture: Lessons learned from two case studies
Fuchs, Milchin and Krist, Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports · Primary conservation research · 2024
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C10
The Sinja Valley Excavation in 2000 A.D.
Evans and Gibson with Acharya, Harward and Kunwar, Ancient Nepal 153; University of Cambridge archive · Primary Nepalese-Cambridge excavation report · 2003
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S1
Early West Tibetan Buddhist Monuments
Austrian Academy of Sciences · Textual and architectural research project · Archived research project
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S2
Historical and religious inscriptions in Western Tibet
Austrian Academy of Sciences · Academic epigraphic research · 2013-2018 project
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S3
Rin chen bzang po: Prayer for Sukhavati, KDSB 1_001_05
Austrian Academy of Sciences · Academic text catalogue with location and date uncertainty · 2020 catalogue; text tentatively 996-1055
Editorial review: October 19, 2026