Island Southeast Asian Worlds: Caves, Coastal Communities, and Maritime Networks
Bali and wider island exchanges · Perfil con revisión de fuentes

Pejeng: Bali metalworking and sacred heritage

Pejeng: Bali metalworking and sacred heritage

Ardika's Bali thesis discusses local metalworking evidence in a wider archaeological setting; it is not an excavation report for every Pejeng monument. The Metropolitan Museum's Pejeng-type fragment is attributed to Sumba. The catalogue's proposed date applies to that object, not automatically to the Moon of Pejeng.

Metalworking comparison and living-heritage context Metal-age comparisons and later living heritage; exact dating varies among objects Regional excavation synthesis, comparative museum object and metallurgical research Denpasar, Bali: approximate public-town or distant institutional orientation, not an excavation, burial, sacred-site, cave-entrance, private compound, underwater or vulnerable-deposit location; never a territorial, ethnic, linguistic, cultural, political, religious, sovereignty, fishing, water-rights or route boundary. The orientation may be far from the archaeological context. No access, collecting, ritual or travel permission is implied.
Resumo

Paisagens insulares, trabalho e conexões em mudança

Paisagens insulares e ligações regionais

Bali and wider island exchanges is a modern orientation frame for the named context and connected places, not an ancient territorial, ethnic, language, religious, sovereignty or maritime-rights boundary.

Organização política e escala comunitária

Prestige objects do not establish a single Balinese kingdom, population or maker authority. Pejeng-type drums are not one people; the Metropolitan Museum fragment is attributed to Sumba, not the sacred Moon of Pejeng. Its date cannot date every drum, and living custodianship is not an access license.

Transformação posterior, património vivo e recepção moderna

Living communities and heritage or religious institutions retain their own authority. This atlas cannot establish identity, ancestry, descent, religion, recognition or membership. Pejeng-type drums are not one people; the Metropolitan Museum fragment is attributed to Sumba, not the sacred Moon of Pejeng. Its date cannot date every drum, and living custodianship is not an access license. Events after 1500 CE are separately identified as later outcomes, research, conservation or reception.

Regional production evidence Ardika's Bali thesis discusses local metalworking evidence in a wider archaeological setting; it is not an excavation report for every Pejeng monument.

Brief independent DNAGENICS AI-assisted paraphrase, not author, institution or community endorsement. Retain sampling, dating and interpretive limits.

Source review: 2026-10-21 [S1]
A comparison from another island The Metropolitan Museum's Pejeng-type fragment is attributed to Sumba. The catalogue's proposed date applies to that object, not automatically to the Moon of Pejeng.

Brief independent DNAGENICS AI-assisted paraphrase, not author, institution or community endorsement. Retain sampling, dating and interpretive limits.

Source review: 2026-10-21 [S2]
Analysis follows samples The metallurgy study examines material from named Balinese sites; chemical comparisons do not identify every craftsworker or a single ancient ethnicity.

Brief independent DNAGENICS AI-assisted paraphrase, not author, institution or community endorsement. Retain sampling, dating and interpretive limits.

Source review: 2026-10-21 [S3]
Sequência histórica

Uma cronologia breve e documentada

Estes marcos servem de orientação e não constituem uma história completa.

  1. Drum traditions circulated

    The thesis compares regional metalworking and drum-making evidence without requiring one direct voyage for every object.

    [S1]

  2. A Sumba fragment compared

    This museum dating is a comparative object range, not a date established for the sacred Pejeng drum.

    [S2]

  3. Bali thesis completed

    Regional archaeological research examined exchange and production with attention to distinct site contexts.

    [S1]

  4. Metallurgy investigated

    Analysis across several Balinese assemblages added evidence about material practices rather than living descent.

    [S3]
Cultura e língua

Famílias, pesca, agricultura, artesanato, escrita e crenças

Línguas mencionadas neste perfil

  • Pejeng-type is an object classification, not a language, religion or ethnic identity.

Família linguística: Language, script, material classification, political allegiance, religion and living identity require different evidence; no language census is inferred.

Research focus: Regional excavation synthesis, comparative museum object and metallurgical research.

Prestige objects do not establish a single Balinese kingdom, population or maker authority.

Pejeng-type drums are not one people; the Metropolitan Museum fragment is attributed to Sumba, not the sacred Moon of Pejeng. Its date cannot date every drum, and living custodianship is not an access license.

No artifact, sacred-site, burial or human-remains imagery, restricted knowledge or genetic interpretation is reproduced.

DNAGENICS provides AI-assisted, source-checked educational paraphrases. Cited authors, institutions and communities did not author or endorse this atlas. Public availability does not establish cultural consent or permission to reproduce objects, sacred knowledge or human remains. No imagery is reproduced. Specialist and community review is recommended; use the website contact channel for corrections, rights concerns or removal requests.

Guia de pesquisa com IA

Pergunta sobre este perfil revisto

O guia pode explicar e relacionar fatos que já aparecem nesta página. Não pode procurar na web aberta, estabelecer identidade ou cidadania, nem avaliar ascendência ou informação genética.

Baseada no conteúdo aprovado do perfil As citações usam os identificadores de fontes abaixo Sem contexto de conta ou DNA

Interpretação de similaridade genética gerada por IA, sem comprovação de ancestralidade. Conteúdo informativo, sem caráter de orientação profissional.

Ler o aviso completo

Antes de continuar, saiba que a análise será produzida por um modelo de IA. O conteúdo pode ser incompleto, impreciso ou incorreto. Ele descreve similaridade genética estatística com populações de referência e não comprova ancestralidade, etnia, identidade ou descendência. Destina-se apenas a fins informativos e educacionais e não constitui orientação médica, diagnóstica, genealógica, jurídica ou de outra natureza profissional. Não se baseie nele para tomar decisões de saúde, financeiras, jurídicas ou familiares. Na medida permitida pela legislação aplicável, a DNA Genics, S.L. não assume responsabilidade por perdas ou decisões decorrentes do uso desse conteúdo.

Não introduza nomes, dados de contato, informações da árvore genealógica, identificadores de conta ou kit, nem dados genéticos.

Cadastro de Testes

Fontes usadas nesta página

Prefer accountable dating studies, excavation projects, regional scholars, national museums and attributed heritage assessments. Historical reports, retrospective court narratives and public institutional interpretations retain their dates and limits. Brief original paraphrases cite sources; no cited author, institution or community endorsed this atlas.

  1. C1

    4000 Years of Migration and Cultural Exchange: The Archaeology of the Batanes Islands, Northern Philippines

    Peter Bellwood and Eusebio Dizon, editors; Terra Australis 40; ANU Press · Archaeological study, museum interpretation or attributed heritage record; brief independent DNAGENICS paraphrase · 2013

  2. C2

    Neolithic foundations in the Karama Valley, West Sulawesi, Indonesia

    Anggraeni, Truman Simanjuntak, Peter Bellwood and Philip Piper; Antiquity · Archaeological study, museum interpretation or attributed heritage record; brief independent DNAGENICS paraphrase · 2014

  3. C3

    The Laguna Copper-Plate Inscription: Text and commentary

    Antoon Postma; Philippine Studies 40(2), 183–203; Ateneo de Manila University repository · Archaeological study, museum interpretation or attributed heritage record; brief independent DNAGENICS paraphrase · 1992 print; repository metadata 2012

  4. C4

    The antiquity of sustained offshore fishing

    Atholl Anderson; Antiquity · Archaeological study, museum interpretation or attributed heritage record; brief independent DNAGENICS paraphrase · 2013

  5. C5

    Cave archaeology and sampling issues in the tropics: A case study from Lene Hara Cave, a 42,000 year old occupation site in East Timor, Island Southeast Asia

    Sue O'Connor, Anthony Barham, Matthew Spriggs, Peter Veth, Ken Aplin and Emma St Pierre; Australian Archaeology 71 · Archaeological study, museum interpretation or attributed heritage record; brief independent DNAGENICS paraphrase · 2010

  6. C6

    The dynamics of culture and nature in a 'protected' Fataluku landscape

    Sue O'Connor, Sandra Pannell and Sally Brockwell; Transcending the Culture–Nature Divide in Cultural Heritage, chapter 14; ANU Press · Archaeological study, museum interpretation or attributed heritage record; brief independent DNAGENICS paraphrase · 2013

  7. C7

    Cultural Landscape of Bali Province: the Subak System as a Manifestation of the Tri Hita Karana Philosophy

    UNESCO World Heritage Centre · Archaeological study, museum interpretation or attributed heritage record; brief independent DNAGENICS paraphrase · Undated record; consulted 2026-10-21

  8. C8

    Sangkulirang – Mangkalihat Karts: Prehistoric rock art area

    Permanent Delegation of Indonesia to UNESCO; tentative-list submission · Archaeological study, museum interpretation or attributed heritage record; brief independent DNAGENICS paraphrase · 2015

  9. S1

    Archaeological Research in Northeastern Bali, Indonesia

    I Wayan Ardika; Australian National University doctoral thesis · Archaeological study, museum interpretation or attributed heritage record; brief independent DNAGENICS paraphrase · 1991

  10. S2

    Tympanum of a Pejeng-Type Drum

    Metropolitan Museum of Art; catalogue object attributed to Sumba · Archaeological study, museum interpretation or attributed heritage record; brief independent DNAGENICS paraphrase · Undated record; consulted 2026-10-21

  11. S3

    Copper-base Metallurgy in Metal-Age Bali: Evidence from Gilimanuk, Manikliyu, Pacung, Pangkung Paruk and Sembiran

    Thomas Oliver Pryce and colleagues; Archaeometry · Archaeological study, museum interpretation or attributed heritage record; brief independent DNAGENICS paraphrase · 2018

Las fuentes y los nombres siguen siendo propiedad de sus respectivos editores y comunidades. Se incluyen con fines de cita y educación; su inclusión no implica que avalen a DNAGENICS. Los resúmenes son paráfrasis editoriales originales y deben contrastarse con la fuente enlazada para usos importantes.

Revisión editorial: 21 outubro 2026

Relatório de DNA opcional

An optional link to the separate paid regional report. It is not historical evidence or a test of community identity.

The Historical Atlas is free, uses no DNA, and is separate from the paid report. It cannot establish identity, religion, ethnicity, ancestry, descent or community membership.
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