mtDNA Haplogroup L2A1'2'3'4
A reference profile for one lineage branch. Shared haplogroups do not establish a family relationship or cultural identity.
Historical context for mtDNA lineage branch L2A1'2'3'4
mtDNA haplogroup L2A1'2'3'4 is a maternal lineage from the Phylotree reference tree. This record was auto-created to restore missing intermediate structure between existing clades. It is a subclade of L2A.
This is a structural placeholder with low coverage. Enrich or reprocess for full narrative content.
Phylogenetic context and subclades
Follow the recorded parent branches toward L2A1'2'3'4. Dates are estimates and can change as reference data is revised.
| Steps | Haplogroup | Age Estimate | Archaeology Era | Time Passed | Immediate Descendants | Tested Modern Descendants | Ancient Connections |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | L2A1'2'3'4 Current | - | - | - | 2 | 616 | 0 |
| 2 | L2A | ~50,000 years ago | Paleolithic | 50,000 years | 2 | 642 | 12 |
| 3 | L2A'B'C'D | - | - | - | 2 | 989 | 0 |
| 4 | L2 | ~70,000 years ago | Paleolithic | 70,000 years | 4 | 1,045 | 7 |
| 5 | L2'3'4'6 | - | - | - | 2 | 31,333 | 0 |
| 6 | L2'3'4'5'6'7 | - | - | - | 2 | 31,349 | 0 |
| 7 | L1'2'3'4'5'6'7 | - | - | - | 2 | 31,852 | 0 |
| 8 | L | ~160,000 years ago | Paleolithic | 160,000 years | 2 | 32,236 | 5 |
Geographic distribution and modern presence
To be determined
The populations where mtDNA haplogroup L2A1'2'3'4 is found require further characterization through genetic studies.
Estimated formation in a broad historical timeline. Period markers provide context and do not imply a connection with particular cultures.
A formation estimate is not recorded for this branch.
Recorded archaeological associations for mtDNA branch L2A1'2'3'4
These labels describe archaeological contexts recorded for reference samples linked to L2A1'2'3'4. An association does not establish that all carriers belonged to a culture or followed a particular migration route.
1 direct carrier of haplogroup L2A1'2'3'4
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Portraits are AI-generated illustrations. Sample labels and accession IDs identify the reference records.
| Portrait | Sample | Country | Era | Date | Culture | mtDNA | Match |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sample ID: I19418
|
Kenya | Swahili Culture of Mtwapa | 1497 CE - 1640 CE | Mtwapa | L2a1'2'3'4 |
Direct |
Follow parent clades toward this branch and explore where ancient carriers were found.
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| Branch | Period | Date range | Sample | Sample ID | Location | Haplogroup | Relationship |
|---|
Markers are archaeological find locations. A dashed connector is an uncertain, proposed geographic transition between consecutive branches supported by multiple dated observations; it is not an exact travel route, birthplace or proof of direct descent. Parent-clade samples may belong to other descendant branches. Gaps remain where evidence is insufficient. Sample dates differ from haplogroup formation dates.
Grouping by historical period reflects when each ancient individual lived, combined across every branch on this lineage chain; it is not a migration sequence or a personal timeline between periods.
Geographic distribution of 1 ancient DNA sample (direct and subclade carriers of L2A1'2'3'4)
Distribution of carriers across archaeological periods
Counts by recorded sample country. These reflect the available reference selection, not population frequencies.
Compare recorded sample counts across countries and archaeological periods. Select a populated cell to inspect a sample.
Source information and data quality
Classification, estimated dates and geographic context reflect the recorded reference data and may change as evidence is revised. Sample coverage is uneven; recorded locations and archaeological associations do not establish personal origin or cultural identity.
