American journal of physical anthropologyAm J Phys AnthropolThe genome of an ancient Rouran individual reveals an important paternal lineage in the Donghu population.895905895-90510.1002/ajpa.23491Following the Xiongnu and Xianbei, the Rouran Khaganate (Rouran) was the third great nomadic tribe on the Mongolian Steppe. However, few human remains from this tribe are available for archaeologists and geneticists to study, as traces of the tombs of these nomadic people have rarely been found. In 2014, the IA-M1 remains (TL1) at the Khermen Tal site from the Rouran period were found by a Sino-Mongolian joint archaeological team in Mongolia, providing precious material for research into the genetic imprint of the Rouran.The mtDNA hypervariable sequence I (HVS-I) and Y-chromosome SNPs were analyzed, and capture of the paternal non-recombining region of the Y chromosome (NRY) and whole-genome shotgun sequencing of TL1 were performed. The materials from three sites representing the three ancient nationalities (Donghu, Xianbei, and Shiwei) were selected for comparison with the TL1 individual.The mitochondrial haplotype of the TL1 individual was D4b1a2a1. The Y-chromosome haplotype was C2b1a1b/F3830 (ISOGG 2015), which was the same as that of the other two ancient male nomadic samples (ZHS5 and GG3) related to the Xianbei and Shiwei, which were also detected as F3889; this haplotype was reported to be downstream of F3830 by Wei et al. ().We conclude that F3889 downstream of F3830 is an important paternal lineage of the ancient Donghu nomads. The Donghu-Xianbei branch is expected to have made an important paternal genetic contribution to Rouran. This component of gene flow ultimately entered the gene pool of modern Mongolic- and Manchu-speaking populations.© 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.LiJiaweiJAncient DNA Laboratory, Research Center for Chinese Frontier Archaeology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China.College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China.ZhangYeYAncient DNA Laboratory, Research Center for Chinese Frontier Archaeology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China.ZhaoYongbinYLife Science College, Jilin Normal University, Siping 136000, People's Republic of China.ChenYongzhiYDirector, Inner Mongolian Museum, Hohhot 010011, People's Republic of China.OchirAACoordinator, International Institute for Study of Nomadic Civilization, 210620A, Ulaanbaatar 11, Mongolia.SarenbiligeEditorial department, Cultural Relics and Archaeological Institute of Inner Mongolia, Hohhot 010010, People's Republic of China.ZhuHongHAncient DNA Laboratory, Research Center for Chinese Frontier Archaeology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China.ZhouHuiH0000-0001-5858-5636Ancient DNA Laboratory, Research Center for Chinese Frontier Archaeology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China.College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China.engJournal ArticleResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov't20180421United StatesAm J Phys Anthropol04006540002-94830DNA, Ancient0DNA, MitochondrialIMAnthropology, PhysicalAsian PeoplegeneticsChromosomes, Human, YgeneticsDNA, AncientanalysisDNA, MitochondrialgeneticsGenetics, PopulationGenomegeneticsHaplotypesgeneticsHumansMaleMongoliaPhylogenyTransients and MigrantsNRY captureRouran Khaganateancient DNAnomadic population20171152018372018452018424602018121560201842360ppublish2968113810.1002/ajpa.23491REFERENCES

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Ancestry 2017-08-08