A man buried in Russia in the era

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Reference library / Sample profile

A man buried in Russia in the era

Explore the recorded context, genetic comparisons and research behind this reference sample.

RussiaThe Sarmatian Culture

A reference profile describes this sample. It does not establish a personal or family relationship.

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AI portrait reconstruction for A man buried in Russia in the era
AI-generated artistic reconstruction, not a photograph of the individual.
Record

Sample details

Recorded details and available lineage markers.

Individual

Sarmatian individual, Russia

Sample ID: Pr10

Date Range

400 BCE - 100 BCE

Cultural Period

The Sarmatian Culture

Biological Sex

Male

mtDNA Haplogroup

H2a1f

Y-DNA Haplogroup

R-Z2124

Social Role

Warrior (AI estimate, era-typical)

Geography

Location

Where this individual was discovered

Country Russia
Locality Orenburg. Pokrovka cemetery

A location map is not available for this record.

Chronology

Date range

When this individual lived in the broader context of human history

Sarmatian individual, Russia 400 BCE - 100 BCE
Context

Historical context

Background information associated with the reference record.

Region & Environment

Sarmatian-linked communities are associated with the broad grassland and river margins of the Eurasian steppe, particularly the steppe north of the Black Sea. This environment favored mobility on horseback, with seasonal access to pasture and water shaping where people could live and travel.

Historical Context

In the Iron Age, steppe societies engaged in dynamic relationships with neighboring agricultural and urban regions. Sarmatian groups are part of this wider world of steppe politics and interregional contact, where shifting alliances and movements affected the distribution of goods, styles, and technologies.

Populations & Lifeways

Populations connected to Sarmatian culture are commonly understood as mounted pastoralists, with herding at the core of subsistence. Archaeological patterns in cemeteries indicate mobile lifeways in which households maintained identities and status that could be displayed in burial practices, including the inclusion of items related to riding and fighting.

Archaeology & Material Culture

Sarmatian material culture is often recognized through graves containing weaponry and horse-related equipment. Iron tools and weapons, along with ornaments and clothing accessories, recur in many assemblages. Variation between burial contexts and the presence of items that resemble or derive from broader Mediterranean and Near Eastern fashions point to sustained exchange and the movement of objects across long distances.

Culture & Society

Burial evidence suggests social stratification, where some individuals were provided with more elaborate equipment. Weapon sets and decorative metalwork are consistent with identities expressed through martial readiness and appearance. The overall pattern indicates communities that combined local traditions with external influences acquired through trade, diplomacy, and movement.

Legacy & Transition

Over time, Sarmatian traditions were transformed by broader changes across the steppe and its frontiers. Later archaeological phases show shifts in burial practice and artifact styles, indicating the reorganization of social groups and networks rather than a single, well-defined end point.

Analysis

Genetic comparisons

These comparisons show genetic similarity, not identity or origin. The populations listed are those whose genomes show statistical alignment to this ancient individual.

Similarity reflects shared history, not shared identity. These are analytical comparisons, not claims about who this person was.

Modern Genetic Admixture

This analysis compares the DNA profile with present-day reference populations, showing statistical similarity to modern reference populations from different regions. The excavation site records where this individual was found, not a fixed modern genetic identity.

Europe 62.7%
Northwestern European 41.9%
English 27.7%
Northwestern European 10.8%
Finnish 3.5%
Eastern European 20.8%
Eastern European 20.8%
Asia 35.4%
Central Asian, Northern Indian & Pakistani 28.6%
Pakistan 19.9%
Indian 7.4%
Central Asian 1.3%
Northern Asian 6.8%
Siberian 6.8%
America 1.0%
America 1.0%
Native American 1.0%
Oceania 0.9%
Melanesian 0.9%
Papuan 0.9%

Closest Modern Populations

These are the modern populations showing the closest statistical alignment to A man buried in Russia in the era, ranked by genetic distance. Lower distance values indicate closer statistical similarity. Cross-region similarity can reflect shared ancestry, population movement, continuity, or later admixture.

1
Tatar Kazan
6.4196
2
Pamiri Rushan
6.6288
3
Tatar Mishar
6.6708
4
Pamiri Shugnan
7.2081
5
Tajik Yaghnobi
7.5730
6
Pamiri Badakhshan
7.7786
7
Tajik Tajikistan Kulob
7.9789
8
Tajik Tajikistan Hisor
7.9890
9
Besermyan
8.0241
10
Tajik Tajikistan Ayni
8.0422
Context

Related Samples

This individual exists within a broader network of ancient samples. No ancient genome stands alone.

Individual Culture/Period Date Location Action
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Germanic individual, Germany Early Medieval Germany 480 CE Bavaria. Altenerding- Klettham, Germany View
Germanic individual, Germany Early Medieval Germany 480 CE Bavaria. Straubing- Bajuwarenstraße, Germany View
Germanic individual, Germany Early Medieval Germany 510 CE Bavaria. Altenerding- Klettham, Germany View
Germanic individual, Germany Early Medieval Germany 260 CE Bavaria. Altheim, Germany View
Germanic individual, Germany Early Medieval Germany 546 CE Bavaria. Straubing- Bajuwarenstraße, Germany View
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Germanic individual, Germany 409 CE Bavaria. Burgweinting - Nord-West II, Germany View
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Germanic individual, Germany 480 CE Bavaria. Altenerding- Klettham, Germany View
Germanic individual, Germany 385 CE Bavaria. Altenerding- Klettham, Germany View
Germanic individual, Germany 480 CE Bavaria. Altenerding- Klettham, Germany View
Germanic individual, Germany 480 CE Bavaria. Altenerding- Klettham, Germany View
Germanic individual, Germany 480 CE Bavaria. Altenerding- Klettham, Germany View
Germanic individual, Germany 264 CE Bavaria. Altenerding- Klettham, Germany View
Germanic individual, Germany 480 CE Bavaria. Altenerding- Klettham, Germany View
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Germanic individual, Germany 412 CE Bavaria. Altheim, Germany View
Germanic individual, Germany 250 CE Bavaria. Altheim, Germany View
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Sarmatian individual, Russia 400 BCE Orenburg. Pokrovka cemetery, Russia View
Sarmatian individual, Russia 400 BCE Orenburg. Pokrovka cemetery, Russia View
Germanic individual, Germany 480 CE Bavaria. Straubing- Bajuwarenstraße, Germany View
Germanic individual, Germany 418 CE Bavaria. Straubing- Bajuwarenstraße, Germany View
Germanic individual, Germany 480 CE Bavaria. Straubing- Bajuwarenstraße, Germany View
Germanic individual, Germany 530 CE Bavaria. Straubing- Bajuwarenstraße, Germany View
Germanic individual, Germany 510 CE Bavaria. Straubing- Bajuwarenstraße, Germany View
Germanic individual, Germany 510 CE Bavaria. Straubing- Bajuwarenstraße, Germany View
Germanic individual, Germany 510 CE Bavaria. Straubing- Bajuwarenstraße, Germany View
Germanic individual, Germany 480 CE Bavaria. Straubing- Bajuwarenstraße, Germany View
Germanic individual, Germany 402 CE Bavaria. Straubing- Bajuwarenstraße, Germany View
Germanic individual, Germany 510 CE Bavaria. Straubing- Bajuwarenstraße, Germany View
Germanic individual, Germany 510 CE Bavaria. Straubing- Bajuwarenstraße, Germany View
Germanic individual, Germany 460 CE Bavaria. Straubing- Bajuwarenstraße, Germany View
Germanic individual, Germany 510 CE Bavaria. Straubing- Bajuwarenstraße, Germany View
Germanic individual, Germany 460 CE Bavaria. Straubing- Bajuwarenstraße, Germany View
Germanic individual, Germany 510 CE Bavaria. Straubing- Bajuwarenstraße, Germany View
Germanic individual, Germany 546 CE Bavaria. Straubing- Bajuwarenstraße, Germany View
Germanic individual, Germany 409 CE Bavaria. Straubing- Bajuwarenstraße, Germany View
Gepid individual, Serbia 525 CE Viminacium-Više Grobalja, Serbia View
Page 1
Individual Culture/Period Date Location Action
Sarmatian individual, Kazakhstan 769 BCE Tengiz. Caspian steppe, Kazakhstan View
Sarmatian individual, Russia 800 BCE Caspian steppe, Russia View
Sarmatian individual, Russia 800 BCE Caspian steppe, Russia View
Sarmatian individual, Russia 800 BCE Caspian steppe, Russia View
Sarmatian individual, Russia 800 BCE Caspian steppe, Russia View
Sarmatian individual, Russia 800 BCE Caspian steppe, Russia View
Sarmatian individual, Russia 800 BCE Caspian steppe, Russia View
Sarmatian individual, Kazakhstan 800 BCE Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan View
Sarmatian individual, Kazakhstan 96 BCE Tian Shan. Central Steppe, Kazakhstan View
Sarmatian individual, Russia 400 BCE Orenburg. Pokrovka cemetery, Russia View
Sarmatian individual, Russia 400 BCE Orenburg. Pokrovka cemetery, Russia View
Sarmatian individual, Russia 800 BCE Caspian steppe, Russia View
Sarmatian individual, Russia 27 CE Orenburg Regio. Southern Urals. Cherniy Yar, Russia View
Sarmatian individual, Russia 81 CE Orenburg Regio. Southern Urals. Cherniy Yar, Russia View
Sarmatian individual, Russia 129 CE Republic of Bashkortostan. Baymak Distict. Temyaysovo-1 burial ground, Russia View
Sarmatian individual, Russia 121 CE Republic of Bashkortostan. Baymak Distict. Temyaysovo-1 burial ground, Russia View
Sarmatian individual, Russia 131 CE Republic of Bashkortostan. Baymak Distict. Temyaysovo-1 burial ground, Russia View
Sarmatian individual, Russia 162 BCE Zolka. Mound 4. burial 30, Russia View
Page 1
Sources

References

Scientific publications and genetic data that inform this profile.

G25 Coordinates

These coordinates represent a position in genetic space, a tool for comparison, not a conclusion. You can use these to perform custom admixture analysis in G25 Studio.

Pr10,0.10677594,0.04337532,0.01840028,0.05346202,-0.02448782,0.01659612,0.01142854,0.0097673,-0.01779072,-0.0278442,0.00444456,-0.00308168,0.00580436,-0.0115219,0.0006732,-0.0071899,-0.01284422,-0.00278448,-0.008493,-0.01206594,-0.00289976,0.00358702,-0.01115398,0.00422204,-0.00580338
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