Global Ancestry K31

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Exclusive Admixture Report

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Exclusive Admixture / Reference model

Global Ancestry K31

Statistical genetic similarity to this calculator's reference populations. Read the modeled weights with the panel's context.

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Selected sampleDEMO REPORT
Largest componentNorth West Europe 80.1% of this model
Model components14positive contributions

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Model results

Population composition

Read the exact modeled percentages beside reference geography and its limitations.

Reference contributions
North West Europe Primary region 80.1%
Middle East 7.9%

Exact model percentages appear on the right; bars are relative to the largest displayed contribution. Rounding can affect the total. Components below 5% are grouped under "Other".

The numerical composition remains available if the chart cannot load.

Explore component context
Regions

Reference regions

Click any region to explore detailed information

North West Europe
80.1%

This region represents 80.1% of this reference model.

Middle East
7.9%

This region represents 7.9% of this reference model.

Smaller reference components

Small modeled weights depend on the reference panel and do not establish distant ancestry or family connections.

Kenyan 2.39%
North African 1.71%
Central African 1.55%
Sardinian 1.47%
Mongol 1.40%
Cambodian And Thai 1.07%
Sierra Leonese 0.99%
South Asia 0.91%
West African 0.24%
Irish Scottish And Welsh 0.12%
West Asian 0.05%
Papuan 0.03%
Supporting analysis

Chromosome Admixture Analysis

Inspect chromosome-level contributions within this reference model.

Exclusive Feature
Chromosome 1
North West Europe Primary region 74.9%
Italian 11.3%
North African 5.6%

Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding. Regions below 5% are grouped under "Other".

Sort:
30 regions detected | 22 chromosomes analyzed |
Chromosome breakdown
Chr 15: 96.4%
  • 1 74.87%
  • 2 75.29%
  • 3 68.43%
  • 4 87.76%
  • 5 84.01%
  • 6 67.56%
  • 7 58.65%
  • 8 53.96%
  • 9 60.17%
  • 10 60.76%
  • 11 76.81%
  • 12 57.19%
  • 13 72.56%
  • 14 61.93%
  • 15 96.41%
  • 16 55.55%
  • 17 60.66%
  • 18 59.93%
  • 19 58.39%
  • 20 28.75%
  • 21 58.59%
  • 22 76.97%
Chromosome breakdown
Chr 16: 13.1%
  • 1 0.65%
  • 4 2.78%
  • 6 12.40%
  • 7 6.51%
  • 10 2.65%
  • 11 12.96%
  • 13 6.14%
  • 14 2.45%
  • 16 13.14%
  • 17 8.53%
  • 18 8.02%
  • 20 3.11%
Chromosome breakdown
Chr 19: 22.5%
  • 10 1.82%
  • 14 1.85%
  • 15 0.29%
  • 17 3.93%
  • 19 22.51%
  • 20 13.33%
  • 21 10.17%
  • 22 16.81%
Chromosome breakdown
Chr 21: 20.2%
  • 9 12.50%
  • 12 9.13%
  • 14 6.01%
  • 16 5.00%
  • 17 0.13%
  • 18 4.34%
  • 21 20.18%
Chromosome breakdown
Chr 8: 18.6%
  • 5 1.96%
  • 7 3.04%
  • 8 18.63%
  • 10 16.00%
  • 20 12.85%
Chromosome breakdown
Chr 1: 11.3%
  • 1 11.31%
  • 2 1.97%
  • 7 1.08%
  • 11 1.93%
  • 12 9.50%
  • 14 5.88%
  • 19 7.17%
  • 20 8.36%
Chromosome breakdown
Chr 8: 13.9%
  • 1 5.63%
  • 2 6.03%
  • 4 3.61%
  • 6 4.35%
  • 8 13.91%
  • 9 0.62%
  • 13 4.25%
Chromosome breakdown
Chr 17: 13.2%
  • 7 1.49%
  • 10 12.50%
  • 12 2.63%
  • 17 13.24%
  • 18 6.97%
Chromosome breakdown
Chr 7: 6.1%
  • 1 0.33%
  • 2 1.47%
  • 5 4.89%
  • 6 1.06%
  • 7 6.05%
  • 8 4.83%
  • 9 2.00%
  • 11 1.32%
  • 13 0.85%
  • 15 3.29%
  • 18 4.34%
  • 19 1.44%
  • 21 1.39%
Chromosome breakdown
Chr 18: 14.7%
  • 1 4.09%
  • 9 3.22%
  • 12 8.47%
  • 18 14.66%
Chromosome breakdown
Chr 7: 5.7%
  • 3 0.76%
  • 7 5.73%
  • 8 0.25%
  • 9 4.56%
  • 11 0.20%
  • 12 0.69%
  • 16 3.30%
  • 19 3.32%
  • 20 3.02%
  • 21 5.63%
Chromosome breakdown
Chr 3: 9.7%
  • 2 5.42%
  • 3 9.69%
  • 13 7.25%
  • 21 4.03%
Chromosome breakdown
Chr 16: 14.5%
  • 16 14.54%
  • 18 1.14%
  • 20 9.67%
Chromosome breakdown
Chr 16: 8.5%
  • 2 0.98%
  • 3 4.06%
  • 11 3.56%
  • 13 7.51%
  • 16 8.46%
Chromosome breakdown
Chr 14: 12.4%
  • 14 12.35%
  • 17 9.52%
  • 20 0.66%
Chromosome breakdown
Chr 14: 7.3%
  • 2 4.21%
  • 5 0.61%
  • 6 4.56%
  • 8 3.45%
  • 9 0.43%
  • 14 7.34%
Chromosome breakdown
Chr 20: 12.1%
  • 7 8.03%
  • 20 12.09%
Chromosome breakdown
Chr 5: 6.0%
  • 1 1.05%
  • 2 1.84%
  • 3 1.06%
  • 5 5.96%
  • 8 2.16%
  • 9 2.60%
  • 17 1.56%
  • 22 3.51%
Chromosome breakdown
Chr 3: 8.7%
  • 2 0.39%
  • 3 8.65%
  • 4 1.37%
  • 5 2.57%
  • 9 5.02%
Chromosome breakdown
Chr 6: 8.7%
  • 6 8.65%
  • 7 6.16%
  • 20 0.04%
Chromosome breakdown
Chr 9: 6.6%
  • 8 2.55%
  • 9 6.60%
  • 10 1.16%
  • 13 0.76%
  • 19 2.38%
  • 22 0.87%
Chromosome breakdown
Chr 20: 7.8%
  • 7 3.27%
  • 14 2.20%
  • 18 0.60%
  • 20 7.75%
Chromosome breakdown
Chr 12: 8.7%
  • 4 4.48%
  • 12 8.68%
Chromosome breakdown
Chr 19: 4.8%
  • 1 2.07%
  • 9 2.28%
  • 10 1.64%
  • 19 4.78%
Chromosome breakdown
Chr 3: 7.3%
  • 3 7.34%
Chromosome breakdown
Chr 10: 3.5%
  • 10 3.47%
  • 11 3.22%
Chromosome breakdown
Chr 17: 2.4%
  • 2 1.86%
  • 17 2.44%
  • 22 1.84%
Chromosome breakdown
Chr 12: 3.7%
  • 12 3.70%
  • 20 0.37%
Chromosome breakdown
Chr 13: 0.7%
  • 2 0.55%
  • 8 0.26%
  • 13 0.68%
Chromosome breakdown
Chr 6: 1.4%
  • 6 1.43%
No regions found

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Chromosome Heatmap 30 regions
0%
100%
Scroll horizontally to view all chromosomes
Region 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
Europe 11
North West Europe
74.9% 75.3% 68.4% 87.8% 84.0% 67.6% 58.6% 54.0% 60.2% 60.8% 76.8% 57.2% 72.6% 61.9% 96.4% 55.6% 60.7% 59.9% 58.4% 28.8% 58.6% 77.0%
Sardinian
- - - - - - - - 12.5% - - 9.1% - 6.0% - 5.0% 0.1% 4.3% - - 20.2% -
Italian
11.3% 2.0% - - - - 1.1% - - - 1.9% 9.5% - 5.9% - - - - 7.2% 8.4% - -
English
- - - - - - 1.5% - - 12.5% - 2.6% - - - - 13.2% 7.0% - - - -
Irish Scottish And Welsh
- - 0.8% - - - 5.7% 0.2% 4.6% - 0.2% 0.7% - - - 3.3% - - 3.3% 3.0% 5.6% -
Iberian
- 5.4% 9.7% - - - - - - - - - 7.2% - - - - - - - 4.0% -
Baltic
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 14.5% - 1.1% - 9.7% - -
Greek And South Italian
- - - - - - - - - - - - - 12.4% - - 9.5% - - 0.7% - -
Finnish
- - - - - - 8.0% - - - - - - - - - - - - 12.1% - -
Scandinavian
- - - 4.5% - - - - - - - 8.7% - - - - - - - - - -
Balkans
- - 7.3% - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Asia 8
Middle East
0.6% - - 2.8% - 12.4% 6.5% - - 2.6% 13.0% - 6.1% 2.4% - 13.1% 8.5% 8.0% - 3.1% - -
West Asian
- - - - 2.0% - 3.0% 18.6% - 16.0% - - - - - - - - - 12.8% - -
Peoples Of Central Asia
4.1% - - - - - - - 3.2% - - 8.5% - - - - - 14.7% - - - -
Cambodian And Thai
- 1.0% 4.1% - - - - - - - 3.6% - 7.5% - - 8.5% - - - - - -
Mongol
- - - - - 8.6% 6.2% - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.0% - -
South Asia
- - - - - - 3.3% - - - - - - 2.2% - - - 0.6% - 7.8% - -
Japanese And Korean
- - - - - - - - - 3.5% 3.2% - - - - - - - - - - -
Chinese And Vietnamese
- - - - - - - - - - - 3.7% - - - - - - - 0.4% - -
Africa 6
Sierra Leonese
- - - - - - - - - 1.8% - - - 1.8% 0.3% - 3.9% - 22.5% 13.3% 10.2% 16.8%
North African
5.6% 6.0% - 3.6% - 4.4% - 13.9% 0.6% - - - 4.2% - - - - - - - - -
Central African
0.3% 1.5% - - 4.9% 1.1% 6.0% 4.8% 2.0% - 1.3% - 0.8% - 3.3% - - 4.3% 1.4% - 1.4% -
West African
- 4.2% - - 0.6% 4.6% - 3.4% 0.4% - - - - 7.3% - - - - - - - -
Kenyan
- 0.4% 8.6% 1.4% 2.6% - - - 5.0% - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Nigeria
- - - - - 1.4% - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Oceania 2
Papuan
1.0% 1.8% 1.1% - 6.0% - - 2.2% 2.6% - - - - - - - 1.6% - - - - 3.5%
Melanesian
- 0.6% - - - - - 0.3% - - - - 0.7% - - - - - - - - -
South America 2
Mesoamerican And Andean
- - - - - - - 2.6% 6.6% 1.2% - - 0.8% - - - - - 2.4% - - 0.9%
Amazonian
- 1.9% - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2.4% - - - - 1.8%
North America 1
Native American
2.1% - - - - - - - 2.3% 1.6% - - - - - - - - 4.8% - - -
Europe North West Europe
Chr 1 74.9%
Chr 2 75.3%
Chr 3 68.4%
Chr 4 87.8%
Chr 5 84.0%
Chr 6 67.6%
Chr 7 58.6%
Chr 8 54.0%
Chr 9 60.2%
Chr 10 60.8%
Chr 11 76.8%
Chr 12 57.2%
Chr 13 72.6%
Chr 14 61.9%
Chr 15 96.4%
Chr 16 55.6%
Chr 17 60.7%
Chr 18 59.9%
Chr 19 58.4%
Chr 20 28.8%
Chr 21 58.6%
Chr 22 77.0%
Chr 1 -
Chr 2 -
Chr 3 -
Chr 4 -
Chr 5 -
Chr 6 -
Chr 7 -
Chr 8 -
Chr 9 12.5%
Chr 10 -
Chr 11 -
Chr 12 9.1%
Chr 13 -
Chr 14 6.0%
Chr 15 -
Chr 16 5.0%
Chr 17 0.1%
Chr 18 4.3%
Chr 19 -
Chr 20 -
Chr 21 20.2%
Chr 22 -
Chr 1 11.3%
Chr 2 2.0%
Chr 3 -
Chr 4 -
Chr 5 -
Chr 6 -
Chr 7 1.1%
Chr 8 -
Chr 9 -
Chr 10 -
Chr 11 1.9%
Chr 12 9.5%
Chr 13 -
Chr 14 5.9%
Chr 15 -
Chr 16 -
Chr 17 -
Chr 18 -
Chr 19 7.2%
Chr 20 8.4%
Chr 21 -
Chr 22 -
Chr 1 -
Chr 2 -
Chr 3 -
Chr 4 -
Chr 5 -
Chr 6 -
Chr 7 1.5%
Chr 8 -
Chr 9 -
Chr 10 12.5%
Chr 11 -
Chr 12 2.6%
Chr 13 -
Chr 14 -
Chr 15 -
Chr 16 -
Chr 17 13.2%
Chr 18 7.0%
Chr 19 -
Chr 20 -
Chr 21 -
Chr 22 -
Chr 1 -
Chr 2 -
Chr 3 0.8%
Chr 4 -
Chr 5 -
Chr 6 -
Chr 7 5.7%
Chr 8 0.2%
Chr 9 4.6%
Chr 10 -
Chr 11 0.2%
Chr 12 0.7%
Chr 13 -
Chr 14 -
Chr 15 -
Chr 16 3.3%
Chr 17 -
Chr 18 -
Chr 19 3.3%
Chr 20 3.0%
Chr 21 5.6%
Chr 22 -
Chr 1 -
Chr 2 5.4%
Chr 3 9.7%
Chr 4 -
Chr 5 -
Chr 6 -
Chr 7 -
Chr 8 -
Chr 9 -
Chr 10 -
Chr 11 -
Chr 12 -
Chr 13 7.2%
Chr 14 -
Chr 15 -
Chr 16 -
Chr 17 -
Chr 18 -
Chr 19 -
Chr 20 -
Chr 21 4.0%
Chr 22 -
Chr 1 -
Chr 2 -
Chr 3 -
Chr 4 -
Chr 5 -
Chr 6 -
Chr 7 -
Chr 8 -
Chr 9 -
Chr 10 -
Chr 11 -
Chr 12 -
Chr 13 -
Chr 14 -
Chr 15 -
Chr 16 14.5%
Chr 17 -
Chr 18 1.1%
Chr 19 -
Chr 20 9.7%
Chr 21 -
Chr 22 -
Chr 1 -
Chr 2 -
Chr 3 -
Chr 4 -
Chr 5 -
Chr 6 -
Chr 7 -
Chr 8 -
Chr 9 -
Chr 10 -
Chr 11 -
Chr 12 -
Chr 13 -
Chr 14 12.4%
Chr 15 -
Chr 16 -
Chr 17 9.5%
Chr 18 -
Chr 19 -
Chr 20 0.7%
Chr 21 -
Chr 22 -
Chr 1 -
Chr 2 -
Chr 3 -
Chr 4 -
Chr 5 -
Chr 6 -
Chr 7 8.0%
Chr 8 -
Chr 9 -
Chr 10 -
Chr 11 -
Chr 12 -
Chr 13 -
Chr 14 -
Chr 15 -
Chr 16 -
Chr 17 -
Chr 18 -
Chr 19 -
Chr 20 12.1%
Chr 21 -
Chr 22 -
Chr 1 -
Chr 2 -
Chr 3 -
Chr 4 4.5%
Chr 5 -
Chr 6 -
Chr 7 -
Chr 8 -
Chr 9 -
Chr 10 -
Chr 11 -
Chr 12 8.7%
Chr 13 -
Chr 14 -
Chr 15 -
Chr 16 -
Chr 17 -
Chr 18 -
Chr 19 -
Chr 20 -
Chr 21 -
Chr 22 -
Chr 1 -
Chr 2 -
Chr 3 7.3%
Chr 4 -
Chr 5 -
Chr 6 -
Chr 7 -
Chr 8 -
Chr 9 -
Chr 10 -
Chr 11 -
Chr 12 -
Chr 13 -
Chr 14 -
Chr 15 -
Chr 16 -
Chr 17 -
Chr 18 -
Chr 19 -
Chr 20 -
Chr 21 -
Chr 22 -
Chr 1 0.6%
Chr 2 -
Chr 3 -
Chr 4 2.8%
Chr 5 -
Chr 6 12.4%
Chr 7 6.5%
Chr 8 -
Chr 9 -
Chr 10 2.6%
Chr 11 13.0%
Chr 12 -
Chr 13 6.1%
Chr 14 2.4%
Chr 15 -
Chr 16 13.1%
Chr 17 8.5%
Chr 18 8.0%
Chr 19 -
Chr 20 3.1%
Chr 21 -
Chr 22 -
Chr 1 -
Chr 2 -
Chr 3 -
Chr 4 -
Chr 5 2.0%
Chr 6 -
Chr 7 3.0%
Chr 8 18.6%
Chr 9 -
Chr 10 16.0%
Chr 11 -
Chr 12 -
Chr 13 -
Chr 14 -
Chr 15 -
Chr 16 -
Chr 17 -
Chr 18 -
Chr 19 -
Chr 20 12.8%
Chr 21 -
Chr 22 -
Chr 1 4.1%
Chr 2 -
Chr 3 -
Chr 4 -
Chr 5 -
Chr 6 -
Chr 7 -
Chr 8 -
Chr 9 3.2%
Chr 10 -
Chr 11 -
Chr 12 8.5%
Chr 13 -
Chr 14 -
Chr 15 -
Chr 16 -
Chr 17 -
Chr 18 14.7%
Chr 19 -
Chr 20 -
Chr 21 -
Chr 22 -
Chr 1 -
Chr 2 1.0%
Chr 3 4.1%
Chr 4 -
Chr 5 -
Chr 6 -
Chr 7 -
Chr 8 -
Chr 9 -
Chr 10 -
Chr 11 3.6%
Chr 12 -
Chr 13 7.5%
Chr 14 -
Chr 15 -
Chr 16 8.5%
Chr 17 -
Chr 18 -
Chr 19 -
Chr 20 -
Chr 21 -
Chr 22 -
Chr 1 -
Chr 2 -
Chr 3 -
Chr 4 -
Chr 5 -
Chr 6 8.6%
Chr 7 6.2%
Chr 8 -
Chr 9 -
Chr 10 -
Chr 11 -
Chr 12 -
Chr 13 -
Chr 14 -
Chr 15 -
Chr 16 -
Chr 17 -
Chr 18 -
Chr 19 -
Chr 20 0.0%
Chr 21 -
Chr 22 -
Chr 1 -
Chr 2 -
Chr 3 -
Chr 4 -
Chr 5 -
Chr 6 -
Chr 7 3.3%
Chr 8 -
Chr 9 -
Chr 10 -
Chr 11 -
Chr 12 -
Chr 13 -
Chr 14 2.2%
Chr 15 -
Chr 16 -
Chr 17 -
Chr 18 0.6%
Chr 19 -
Chr 20 7.8%
Chr 21 -
Chr 22 -
Chr 1 -
Chr 2 -
Chr 3 -
Chr 4 -
Chr 5 -
Chr 6 -
Chr 7 -
Chr 8 -
Chr 9 -
Chr 10 3.5%
Chr 11 3.2%
Chr 12 -
Chr 13 -
Chr 14 -
Chr 15 -
Chr 16 -
Chr 17 -
Chr 18 -
Chr 19 -
Chr 20 -
Chr 21 -
Chr 22 -
Chr 1 -
Chr 2 -
Chr 3 -
Chr 4 -
Chr 5 -
Chr 6 -
Chr 7 -
Chr 8 -
Chr 9 -
Chr 10 -
Chr 11 -
Chr 12 3.7%
Chr 13 -
Chr 14 -
Chr 15 -
Chr 16 -
Chr 17 -
Chr 18 -
Chr 19 -
Chr 20 0.4%
Chr 21 -
Chr 22 -
Chr 1 -
Chr 2 -
Chr 3 -
Chr 4 -
Chr 5 -
Chr 6 -
Chr 7 -
Chr 8 -
Chr 9 -
Chr 10 1.8%
Chr 11 -
Chr 12 -
Chr 13 -
Chr 14 1.8%
Chr 15 0.3%
Chr 16 -
Chr 17 3.9%
Chr 18 -
Chr 19 22.5%
Chr 20 13.3%
Chr 21 10.2%
Chr 22 16.8%
Chr 1 5.6%
Chr 2 6.0%
Chr 3 -
Chr 4 3.6%
Chr 5 -
Chr 6 4.4%
Chr 7 -
Chr 8 13.9%
Chr 9 0.6%
Chr 10 -
Chr 11 -
Chr 12 -
Chr 13 4.2%
Chr 14 -
Chr 15 -
Chr 16 -
Chr 17 -
Chr 18 -
Chr 19 -
Chr 20 -
Chr 21 -
Chr 22 -
Chr 1 0.3%
Chr 2 1.5%
Chr 3 -
Chr 4 -
Chr 5 4.9%
Chr 6 1.1%
Chr 7 6.0%
Chr 8 4.8%
Chr 9 2.0%
Chr 10 -
Chr 11 1.3%
Chr 12 -
Chr 13 0.8%
Chr 14 -
Chr 15 3.3%
Chr 16 -
Chr 17 -
Chr 18 4.3%
Chr 19 1.4%
Chr 20 -
Chr 21 1.4%
Chr 22 -
Chr 1 -
Chr 2 4.2%
Chr 3 -
Chr 4 -
Chr 5 0.6%
Chr 6 4.6%
Chr 7 -
Chr 8 3.4%
Chr 9 0.4%
Chr 10 -
Chr 11 -
Chr 12 -
Chr 13 -
Chr 14 7.3%
Chr 15 -
Chr 16 -
Chr 17 -
Chr 18 -
Chr 19 -
Chr 20 -
Chr 21 -
Chr 22 -
Chr 1 -
Chr 2 0.4%
Chr 3 8.6%
Chr 4 1.4%
Chr 5 2.6%
Chr 6 -
Chr 7 -
Chr 8 -
Chr 9 5.0%
Chr 10 -
Chr 11 -
Chr 12 -
Chr 13 -
Chr 14 -
Chr 15 -
Chr 16 -
Chr 17 -
Chr 18 -
Chr 19 -
Chr 20 -
Chr 21 -
Chr 22 -
Chr 1 -
Chr 2 -
Chr 3 -
Chr 4 -
Chr 5 -
Chr 6 1.4%
Chr 7 -
Chr 8 -
Chr 9 -
Chr 10 -
Chr 11 -
Chr 12 -
Chr 13 -
Chr 14 -
Chr 15 -
Chr 16 -
Chr 17 -
Chr 18 -
Chr 19 -
Chr 20 -
Chr 21 -
Chr 22 -
Chr 1 1.0%
Chr 2 1.8%
Chr 3 1.1%
Chr 4 -
Chr 5 6.0%
Chr 6 -
Chr 7 -
Chr 8 2.2%
Chr 9 2.6%
Chr 10 -
Chr 11 -
Chr 12 -
Chr 13 -
Chr 14 -
Chr 15 -
Chr 16 -
Chr 17 1.6%
Chr 18 -
Chr 19 -
Chr 20 -
Chr 21 -
Chr 22 3.5%
Chr 1 -
Chr 2 0.6%
Chr 3 -
Chr 4 -
Chr 5 -
Chr 6 -
Chr 7 -
Chr 8 0.3%
Chr 9 -
Chr 10 -
Chr 11 -
Chr 12 -
Chr 13 0.7%
Chr 14 -
Chr 15 -
Chr 16 -
Chr 17 -
Chr 18 -
Chr 19 -
Chr 20 -
Chr 21 -
Chr 22 -
Chr 1 -
Chr 2 -
Chr 3 -
Chr 4 -
Chr 5 -
Chr 6 -
Chr 7 -
Chr 8 2.6%
Chr 9 6.6%
Chr 10 1.2%
Chr 11 -
Chr 12 -
Chr 13 0.8%
Chr 14 -
Chr 15 -
Chr 16 -
Chr 17 -
Chr 18 -
Chr 19 2.4%
Chr 20 -
Chr 21 -
Chr 22 0.9%
Chr 1 -
Chr 2 1.9%
Chr 3 -
Chr 4 -
Chr 5 -
Chr 6 -
Chr 7 -
Chr 8 -
Chr 9 -
Chr 10 -
Chr 11 -
Chr 12 -
Chr 13 -
Chr 14 -
Chr 15 -
Chr 16 -
Chr 17 2.4%
Chr 18 -
Chr 19 -
Chr 20 -
Chr 21 -
Chr 22 1.8%
Chr 1 2.1%
Chr 2 -
Chr 3 -
Chr 4 -
Chr 5 -
Chr 6 -
Chr 7 -
Chr 8 -
Chr 9 2.3%
Chr 10 1.6%
Chr 11 -
Chr 12 -
Chr 13 -
Chr 14 -
Chr 15 -
Chr 16 -
Chr 17 -
Chr 18 -
Chr 19 4.8%
Chr 20 -
Chr 21 -
Chr 22 -
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Reference

Reference Panel

Populations used in this analysis

Central African

#1
African Bantu +2 more

A composite Central African cluster drawing on Bantu-speaking groups and rainforest hunter-gatherers; constituent groups include Fang, Bantu, Mbere, Kongo, Luba, and Mbuti. This component captures deep equatorial West-Central African ancestry, reflecting both agricultural expansions and older Pygmy-related lineages with high genetic diversity. It is informative for studies of migration, admixture, and adaptation to humid tropical environments.

African Bantu Rainforest Pygmy
Related Regions:
  • Congo Basin
  • Gabon
  • Central Africa

Kenyan

#2
East African Bantu +2 more

Represents East African diversity with constituent groups such as Luhya Kenya and Datog, capturing Nilotic, Bantu, and Cushitic-influenced ancestry present in Kenya. This cluster reflects recent pastoralist expansions, regional admixture, and connections to neighboring Horn of Africa and Great Lakes populations. It is useful for resolving fine-scale East African structure and recent demographic history.

East African Bantu Nilotic Pastoralist
Related Regions:
  • Kenya
  • Great Lakes
  • Horn of Africa

Nigeria

#3
West African Niger-Congo +2 more

Centered on major West African populations with constituent groups including Yoruba, Haussa, and Igbo, this component reflects dense agriculturalist and urban genetic structure in Nigeria. It captures the legacy of long-established farming cultures, trade networks, and complex internal migrations across the Niger-Benue region. The cluster is central to understanding West African genetic variation and diasporic contributions worldwide.

West African Niger-Congo Yoruba Urban
Related Regions:
  • Nigeria
  • Niger Delta
  • Benue-Niger region

North African

#4
North African Maghreb +2 more

Aggregates populations from the Maghreb and Sahara including Sahraoui, Tunisian, Moroccan, Algerian, Mozabite, and Berbers, reflecting Mediterranean, Near Eastern, and indigenous North African ancestries. This component records prehistoric gene flow across the Mediterranean, Arab expansions, and continuity of Berber groups with local Paleolithic and Neolithic roots. It is informative for studies of trans-Saharan contacts and coastal demographic shifts.

North African Maghreb Berber Mediterranean
Related Regions:
  • Maghreb
  • Sahara
  • Mediterranean coast

Sierra Leonese

#5
West African Mende +2 more

Represents Sierra Leone–type West African ancestry, anchored by the Mende and reflecting coastal rainforest farming populations. This cluster typifies genetic patterns of the Upper Guinea and West African Atlantic littoral, including histories of agriculturalist expansions and regional continuity. It is valuable for resolving fine-scale coastal West African population structure.

West African Mende Coastal Rainforest
Related Regions:
  • Sierra Leone
  • Guinea
  • Upper Guinea Coast

West African

#6
West African Niger-Congo +2 more

A broad West African cluster combining many Niger-Congo speaking groups such as Fon, Ewe, Mina, Kabye, Aja, Akan, Baoule, Wolof, Fula, Serer, Mandinka, Jola, Soninké, Bambara, and Dogon. It captures the genetic footprint of agricultural expansions, trade corridors, and diverse linguistic families across coastal and inland West Africa. This component underlies much of the ancestral signal seen in the African diaspora and regional continuity.

West African Niger-Congo Sahel Agricultural
Related Regions:
  • Gulf of Guinea
  • Sahel
  • West Africa

Cambodian and Thai

#7
Southeast Asian Austroasiatic +2 more

Covers Mainland Southeast Asian ancestry represented by Dai, Thai, and Cambodian groups, reflecting Austroasiatic and Tai-Kadai linguistic influences. This component embodies Neolithic agricultural expansions from southern China into mainland Southeast Asia and later regional admixture. It is informative for tracing rice-farming dispersals and local population structure across Indochina.

Southeast Asian Austroasiatic Tai-Kadai Neolithic
Related Regions:
  • Indochina
  • Mekong Basin
  • Thailand/Cambodia

Chinese and Vietnamese

#8
East Asian Han +2 more

Represents East and Southeast Asian ancestry with constituent groups including Kinh Vietnam, Lahu, Yi, Miao, Naxi, She, Tujia, and Han China. This cluster captures gradients of northern East Asian ancestry, southern hunter-farmer mixtures, and internal substructure tied to language families and geography. It is useful for studying agricultural expansions from the Yellow River and fine-scale regional differentiation across China and Vietnam.

East Asian Han Sino-Tibetan Austroasiatic
Related Regions:
  • East China
  • South China
  • Vietnam

Japanese and Korean

#9
East Asian Northeast Asian +2 more

Aggregates populations from the Japanese archipelago and the Korean peninsula, reflecting Northeast Asian coastal ancestries with admixture from Jomon/ancient hunter-gatherers and continental farmer/steppe inputs. This component highlights distinct island vs. peninsula histories, including isolation, maritime contacts, and long-term demographic continuity. It is key for analyses of East Asian prehistoric migrations and modern population differentiation.

East Asian Northeast Asian Island Peninsula
Related Regions:
  • Japan
  • Korean Peninsula
  • East Asia

Middle East

#10
Middle Eastern Levantine +2 more

Encompasses Levantine and Arabian genetic variation with constituent groups including Egyptian, BedouinA, BedouinB, Syrian, Palestinian, Samaritan, Jordanian, Saudi, Yemenite Mahra, and Lebanese. This component records extensive gene flow between Africa, Anatolia, and Eurasia, Neolithic farming expansions, and later Semitic and Arab movements. It is central to studies of agricultural origins, trade routes, and the complex demographic history of the Near East.

Middle Eastern Levantine Arabian Semitic
Related Regions:
  • Levant
  • Arabian Peninsula
  • Nile Delta

Mongol

#11
Steppe Mongolic +2 more

Reflects Central and North Asian steppe ancestries represented by Kalmyk, Altaian, Tuvinian, Buriat, and Mongol groups, capturing pastoralist and nomadic signatures. This component carries signals of ancient Siberian, East Asian, and West Eurasian admixture shaped by mobile lifestyles and historic empires. It is informative for studying steppe dispersals, pastoralism, and cross-continental gene flow.

Steppe Mongolic Pastoralist Siberian
Related Regions:
  • Mongolia
  • Siberia
  • Central Asian steppe

Peoples of Central Asia

#12
Central Asian Turkic +2 more

Combines diverse Central Asian groups such as Uzbeks, Turkmen, Hazara, Tadjik, Pashtun, Kazakh, Uighur, Kirghiz, and Bachkir, reflecting a mosaic of Turkic, Iranian, and Mongolic ancestries. This component captures Silk Road admixture, Indo-Iranian heritage, and recent Turkic expansions, making it highly heterogeneous. It's valuable for deciphering layered demographic events in Eurasia and the genetic legacy of historical trade and migration corridors.

Central Asian Turkic Indo-Iranian Silk Road
Related Regions:
  • Central Asia
  • Transoxiana
  • Pamirs

South Asia

#13
South Asian Indo-Aryan +2 more

Represents the genetic diversity of the South Asian subcontinent with constituent groups including Tamil, Gujarati, Marathi, Bengali, Brahui, Kalash, Burusho, Sindhi, Balochi, and Punjabi. This component reflects deep indigenous South Asian ancestries, later West Eurasian inputs, and strong regional substructure related to caste, language, and geography. It is critical for studying the complex admixture history and fine-scale population stratification across India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka.

South Asian Indo-Aryan Dravidian Admixture
Related Regions:
  • Indian subcontinent
  • Indus Valley
  • Deccan

West Asian

#14
Caucasus Anatolian +2 more

Aggregates Western Eurasian and Caucasus-adjacent groups such as West Turkish, Abkhasian, Armenian, Chechen, Ossetian, Kumyk, Adygei, Georgian Laz, Georgian Imer, Lebanese Druze, Druze, Iran, and Balkar. This component captures Caucasus and Anatolian genetic signatures, ancient Near Eastern continuity, and later movements across the Black Sea and Persian regions. It is useful for dissecting Caucasian microstructure and historical connections between Europe and the Near East.

Caucasus Anatolian West Asian Near Eastern
Related Regions:
  • Caucasus
  • Anatolia
  • Iranian Plateau

Balkans

#15
Balkan Southeast European +2 more

Represents southeastern European ancestry with constituent groups including Serb, Croat, Bosniak, Bulgarian, Macedonian, and Montenegrin, reflecting Balkan-specific admixture of Mediterranean, Slavic, and ancient Balkan substrates. This cluster records the impact of historical migrations, Ottoman-era interactions, and local continuity since the Neolithic. It is informative for regional demographic patterns and population continuity in Southeast Europe.

Balkan Southeast European Slavic Mediterranean
Related Regions:
  • Balkans
  • Adriatic
  • Thrace

Baltic

#16
Baltic Northeast European +2 more

Captures Northeastern European coastal ancestry with constituent groups Lithuanian, Latvian, and Estonian, reflecting mixes of Baltic hunter-farmer lineages and later Finno-Ugric and Slavic influences. This component shows regional continuity and distinct genetic drift due to relative isolation and post-glacial settlement patterns. It is important for studies of northern European prehistory and language-related population structure.

Baltic Northeast European Finno-Ugric Drift
Related Regions:
  • Baltic States
  • Gulf of Finland
  • Northeast Europe

Eastern European

#17
Eastern European Slavic +2 more

Represents a broad Eastern European cluster with constituent groups such as Belarusian, Ukrainian, Mordovian, Russian, Polish, Hungarian, Czechs, and Slovaks, reflecting Slavic expansions, Finno-Ugric substrates, and central European admixture. This component captures postglacial recolonization, Bronze Age migrations, and medieval demographic shifts across the East European plain. It is useful for modeling continental clines and recent historical gene flow in Europe.

Eastern European Slavic Finno-Ugric Continental
Related Regions:
  • Eastern Europe
  • Carpathians
  • East European Plain

English

#18
British English +2 more

Represents the genetic profile typical of England, shaped by Anglo-Saxon, Celtic, Viking, and Norman inputs on top of earlier Neolithic and Bronze Age ancestry. This component often shows a mix of north-western European farmer and steppe-derived ancestries with regional substructure across the British Isles. It is useful for fine-scale British Isles analyses and tracing historical migratory influences.

British English Northwest European Historical admixture
Related Regions:
  • England
  • British Isles
  • Northwest Europe

Finnish

#19
Finnish Uralic +2 more

Reflects the genetic signature of Finland, combining northeastern European and Siberian-related ancestries with unique drift patterns due to historical isolation and founder effects. This component highlights Uralic linguistic associations and eastern genetic influences distinct from neighboring Scandinavian groups. It is particularly informative for studies of postglacial recolonization and northern European microevolution.

Finnish Uralic Northeast European Drift
Related Regions:
  • Finland
  • Baltic
  • Northern Europe

Greek and South Italian

#20
Mediterranean Southern European +2 more

Combines Mediterranean southern European ancestries with constituent groups including Albanian, Greek, Greek Crête, Calabrian, West Sicilian, East Sicilian, South Italian, Maltese, and Cypriot. This cluster reflects ancient Aegean, Anatolian, and Mediterranean gene flow plus later historical layers from Greeks, Romans, and various seafaring contacts. It is valuable for examining Mediterranean continuity, island vs. mainland differentiation, and historical admixture patterns.

Mediterranean Southern European Greek Italian
Related Regions:
  • Greece
  • Southern Italy
  • Eastern Mediterranean

Iberian

#21
Iberian Southwest European +2 more

Represents the genetic landscape of the Iberian Peninsula with constituent groups including Spanish, Portuguese, Basque, and South West French, reflecting Atlantic and Mediterranean influences as well as deep Paleolithic and Neolithic continuities. This component captures regional heterogeneity from Pyrenean refugia, maritime contacts, and historic migrations including Moorish and European movements. It is central to modeling southwestern European ancestry and population history.

Iberian Southwest European Basque Mediterranean
Related Regions:
  • Iberian Peninsula
  • Pyrenees
  • Atlantic coast

Irish Scottish and Welsh

#22
Celtic British Isles +2 more

Captures the ancestry of the British Isles Celtic populations including Irish, Scottish, Welsh, and Orcadian, reflecting ancient Atlantic Neolithic farmer and local Mesolithic hunter-gatherer mixtures plus later gene flow. This component highlights regional continuity, maritime connections, and varying degrees of isolation and drift. It is useful for tracing Celtic expansions, island-specific structure, and historic admixture events.

Celtic British Isles Irish Scottish
Related Regions:
  • Ireland
  • Scotland
  • Wales

Italian

#23
Italian Mediterranean +2 more

Represents mainland Italian genetic variation, drawing on samples from Italian North, Tuscany, and general Italian populations, and reflecting a continuum between central Mediterranean, Alpine, and southern Italian ancestries. This component captures layering from Neolithic farmers, Bronze Age migrations, and localized regional structure shaped by geography and history. It is informative for studies of Italian microgeography and Mediterranean connectivity.

Italian Mediterranean Southern Europe Regional
Related Regions:
  • Italy
  • Tuscany
  • Northern Italy

North West Europe

#24
Northwest European Germanic +2 more

Aggregates ancestries typical of northwestern Europe including German, Austrian, French, Dutch, and Belgian groups, reflecting a mixture of Atlantic, Continental farmer, and steppe-derived ancestries. This component highlights dense population networks, agricultural continuity, and moderate regional differentiation across temperate Europe. It is useful for continental-scale comparisons and fine-scale northwest European population studies.

Northwest European Germanic Continental Agricultural
Related Regions:
  • Western Europe
  • Benelux
  • Central Europe

Sardinian

#25
Sardinian Island +2 more

Represents the distinct island-specific ancestry of Sardinia, notable for retention of early Neolithic farmer signatures and relative genetic isolation. This component often appears as a genetic outlier in Europe due to founder effects, limited gene flow, and long-term continuity. It is particularly informative for understanding Neolithic demographic processes and drift on Mediterranean islands.

Sardinian Island Neolithic Drift
Related Regions:
  • Sardinia
  • Western Mediterranean
  • Tyrrhenian Sea

Scandinavian

#26
Scandinavian Northern European +2 more

Captures genetic variation across Norway, Sweden, and Denmark, reflecting northern European farmer ancestry mixed with steppe and Siberian inputs in variable proportions. This cluster shows latitudinal clines, maritime influences, and historical Viking-era mobility. It is useful for studies of northern European population structure, migration, and adaptation to high-latitude environments.

Scandinavian Northern European Viking Maritime
Related Regions:
  • Scandinavia
  • Baltic Sea
  • Northern Europe

Native American

#27
Native American Amerindian +2 more

Represents Indigenous American ancestries with constituent groups such as Cherokee and Sioux, capturing pan-American founder events from Beringian migrations and subsequent continental diversification. This component reflects strong drift, regional differentiation, and signatures of ancient founder bottlenecks across North and South America. It is crucial for reconstructing peopling of the Americas and regional Native histories.

Native American Amerindian Founder effect Indigenous
Related Regions:
  • North America
  • Central Plains
  • Eastern Woodlands

Melanesian

#28
Melanesian Oceanian +2 more

Represents Melanesian ancestry typical of islands in Near Oceania, characterized by deep Papuan-related lineages and high intra-population diversity. This component reflects ancient settlement of Sahul, long-term island isolation, and limited admixture with later Austronesian arrivals. It is informative for studies of early Oceanian migration, genetic drift, and adaptation in island environments.

Melanesian Oceanian Papuan-related Island
Related Regions:
  • Melanesia
  • Near Oceania
  • Bismarck Archipelago

Papuan

#29
Papuan Sahul +2 more

Captures the deep-rooted Papuan ancestries of New Guinea and neighboring islands, reflecting ancient human presence in Sahul and pronounced genetic differentiation from Austronesian groups. This component shows high levels of structure and long-term isolation, with unique linguistic and cultural diversity paralleling genetic patterns. It is essential for reconstructing early Australo-Papuan population history and isolation-driven evolution.

Papuan Sahul Ancient Island
Related Regions:
  • New Guinea
  • Highlands
  • Near Oceania

Amazonian

#30
Amazonian Indigenous +2 more

Represents Amazonian indigenous ancestries with constituent groups such as Karitania, Surui, and Arawak, reflecting deep regional differentiation and specialization in tropical rainforest environments. This component is characterized by strong drift, local structure, and signals of pre-Columbian population dynamics within the Amazon basin. It is informative for studies of Amazonian peopling, ecological adaptation, and cultural diversity.

Amazonian Indigenous Rainforest Drift
Related Regions:
  • Amazon Basin
  • Northern South America
  • Amazon rainforest

Mesoamerican and Andean

#31
Mesoamerican Andean +2 more

Combines highland and lowland Native American ancestries with constituent groups like Maya, Nahua, Mixe, and Quechua, representing complex pre-Columbian civilizations across Mesoamerica and the Andes. This component reflects adaptation to high-altitude Andean environments, agricultural intensification, and dense cultural networks with long-term genetic continuity and regional differentiation. It is vital for reconstructing agrarian expansions and state formation impacts on population structure.

Mesoamerican Andean Indigenous Agricultural
Related Regions:
  • Mesoamerica
  • Andes
  • Central America
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