Exclusive Admixture / Reference model

Global Ancestry K38 with Jewish Populations

Statistical genetic similarity to this calculator's reference populations. Read the modeled weights with the panel's context.

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Selected sampleDEMO REPORT

Largest componentNorth West Europe 77.3% of this model

Model components13positive contributions

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Model results

Population composition

Read the exact modeled percentages beside reference geography and its limitations.

Reference contributions

North West Europe Primary region 77.3%

Middle East 8.9%

North African 5.5%

Chinese And Vietnamese 2.3%

Masaai 1.5%

Central African 1.3%

Somalia 0.8%

Sardinian 0.5%

Kenyan 0.5%

Irish Scottish And Welsh 0.4%

Papuan 0.4%

Tibetan 0.3%

Japanese And Korean 0.2%

Exact model percentages appear on the right; bars are relative to the largest displayed contribution. Rounding can affect the total. Components below 5% are grouped under "Other".

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The numerical composition remains available if the chart cannot load.

Explore component context

Regions

Reference regions

Click any region to explore detailed information

North West Europe

77.3%

This region represents 77.3% of this reference model.

Middle East

8.9%

This region represents 8.9% of this reference model.

North African

5.5%

This region represents 5.5% of this reference model.

Smaller reference components

Small modeled weights depend on the reference panel and do not establish distant ancestry or family connections.

Chinese And Vietnamese 2.26%

Masaai 1.53%

Central African 1.28%

Somalia 0.82%

Sardinian 0.54%

Kenyan 0.52%

Irish Scottish And Welsh 0.41%

Papuan 0.38%

Tibetan 0.33%

Japanese And Korean 0.23%

Supporting analysis

Chromosome Admixture Analysis

Inspect chromosome-level contributions within this reference model.

Exclusive Feature

By Chromosome By Region Table

Chromosome 1

North West Europe Primary region 54.1%

English 10.2%

North African 8.2%

Greek And South Italian 7.4%

Mesoamerican And Andean 6.5%

Italian 5.5%

Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding. Regions below 5% are grouped under "Other".

Chromosome 2

North West Europe Primary region 83.7%

Scandinavian 5.1%

Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding. Regions below 5% are grouped under "Other".

Chromosome 3

North West Europe Primary region 64.5%

Iberian 9.0%

Nigeria 8.7%

North African 5.3%

Eastern European 5.3%

Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding. Regions below 5% are grouped under "Other".

Chromosome 4

Chromosome 5

North West Europe Primary region 78.4%

Greek And South Italian 5.1%

Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding. Regions below 5% are grouped under "Other".

Chromosome 6

North West Europe Primary region 62.2%

Inuit 10.5%

Middle East 10.4%

Somalia 8.9%

Kenyan 5.7%

Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding. Regions below 5% are grouped under "Other".

Chromosome 7

North West Europe Primary region 64.5%

South Asia 11.0%

Middle East 9.8%

North African 6.0%

Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding. Regions below 5% are grouped under "Other".

Chromosome 8

North West Europe Primary region 55.9%

North African 16.2%

Irish Scottish And Welsh 7.1%

Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding. Regions below 5% are grouped under "Other".

Chromosome 9

North West Europe Primary region 54.5%

Middle East 13.0%

Somalia 9.4%

Sardinian 6.6%

Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding. Regions below 5% are grouped under "Other".

Chromosome 10

North West Europe Primary region 71.8%

North African 5.6%

Chinese And Vietnamese 5.6%

West Asian 5.5%

Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding. Regions below 5% are grouped under "Other".

Chromosome 11

North West Europe Primary region 52.2%

Iberian 31.4%

Middle East 9.2%

Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding. Regions below 5% are grouped under "Other".

Chromosome 12

North West Europe Primary region 54.4%

West Asian 14.2%

Italian 11.8%

Sardinian 5.2%

Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding. Regions below 5% are grouped under "Other".

Chromosome 13

North West Europe Primary region 67.8%

West Asian 9.3%

Middle East 7.5%

Inuit 5.8%

Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding. Regions below 5% are grouped under "Other".

Chromosome 14

Chromosome 15

Chromosome 16

North West Europe Primary region 54.0%

Greek And South Italian 15.9%

Iberian 6.8%

South Asia 6.0%

Somalia 5.4%

Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding. Regions below 5% are grouped under "Other".

Chromosome 17

Chromosome 18

North West Europe Primary region 60.2%

Sardinian 15.7%

Middle East 6.3%

Mongol 6.3%

Inuit 5.0%

Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding. Regions below 5% are grouped under "Other".

Chromosome 19

Chromosome 20

North West Europe Primary region 47.7%

Baltic 10.2%

West Asian 8.5%

Middle East 7.9%

Irish Scottish And Welsh 5.3%

Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding. Regions below 5% are grouped under "Other".

Chromosome 21

North West Europe Primary region 56.0%

Sardinian 27.6%

Sierra Leonese 6.9%

Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding. Regions below 5% are grouped under "Other".

Chromosome 22

North West Europe Primary region 71.2%

Papuan 9.3%

Sardinian 6.7%

Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding. Regions below 5% are grouped under "Other".

Sort:

37 regions detected | 22 chromosomes analyzed |

Europe

North West Europe

Europe - North West Europe

22 chr • 98.2% • 64.7%

64.71% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 15: 98.2%

1 54.13%
2 83.67%
3 64.54%
4 78.96%
5 78.37%
6 62.23%
7 64.49%
8 55.93%
9 54.51%
10 71.84%
11 52.15%
12 54.37%
13 67.79%
14 68.27%
15 98.18%
16 54.01%
17 72.18%
18 60.19%
19 52.97%
20 47.73%
21 55.99%
22 71.18%

Asia

Middle East

Asia - Middle East

13 chr • 19.8% • 8.7%

5.17% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 14: 19.8%

4 8.88%
5 2.54%
6 10.40%
7 9.84%
9 12.98%
10 0.76%
11 9.19%
13 7.50%
14 19.78%
17 16.06%
18 6.29%
20 7.90%
22 1.56%

Europe

Sardinian

Europe - Sardinian

8 chr • 27.6% • 9.7%

3.54% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 21: 27.6%

8 3.15%
9 6.63%
12 5.19%
13 1.84%
18 15.73%
19 10.86%
21 27.63%
22 6.74%

Africa

North African

Africa - North African

10 chr • 16.2% • 6.2%

2.83% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 8: 16.2%

1 8.17%
3 5.33%
4 10.14%
5 0.61%
7 5.99%
8 16.23%
9 3.16%
10 5.64%
14 6.84%
18 0.16%

Europe

Italian

Europe - Italian

10 chr • 20.8% • 5.4%

2.45% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 19: 20.8%

1 5.48%
2 2.29%
8 2.38%
9 1.61%
12 11.79%
13 2.77%
18 3.57%
19 20.76%
20 3.25%
21 0.09%

Europe

Iberian

Europe - Iberian

5 chr • 31.4% • 10.3%

2.33% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 11: 31.4%

3 9.04%
11 31.36%
12 3.97%
16 6.84%
22 0.04%

Asia

West Asian

Asia - West Asian

6 chr • 14.2% • 6.6%

1.80% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 12: 14.2%

1 0.41%
8 1.69%
10 5.46%
12 14.17%
13 9.31%
20 8.51%

Africa

Somalia

Africa - Somalia

9 chr • 9.4% • 4.1%

1.66% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 9: 9.4%

2 1.25%
4 0.65%
6 8.89%
8 1.13%
9 9.37%
14 2.41%
16 5.44%
17 3.83%
20 3.62%

Europe

Irish Scottish And Welsh

Europe - Irish Scottish And Welsh

10 chr • 7.1% • 3.4%

1.53% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 8: 7.1%

6 1.55%
7 1.87%
8 7.12%
10 3.88%
12 3.34%
13 0.46%
16 3.88%
20 5.32%
21 2.16%
22 4.10%

Europe

Greek And South Italian

Europe - Greek And South Italian

4 chr • 15.9% • 7.2%

1.31% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 16: 15.9%

1 7.37%
5 5.08%
13 0.49%
16 15.92%

North America

Inuit

North America - Inuit

4 chr • 10.5% • 6.1%

1.11% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 6: 10.5%

6 10.49%
8 3.07%
13 5.81%
18 5.04%

Oceania

Papuan

Oceania - Papuan

6 chr • 9.3% • 3.5%

0.96% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 22: 9.3%

3 4.18%
5 1.62%
8 0.66%
16 0.70%
17 4.64%
22 9.28%

Asia

South Asia

Asia - South Asia

6 chr • 11.0% • 3.4%

0.92% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 7: 11.0%

1 0.27%
7 11.04%
14 0.30%
16 6.01%
18 0.24%
21 2.46%

Africa

Sierra Leonese

Africa - Sierra Leonese

3 chr • 10.4% • 6.6%

0.90% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 19: 10.4%

14 2.39%
19 10.40%
21 6.91%

Africa

Central African

Africa - Central African

10 chr • 4.8% • 1.9%

0.87% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 21: 4.8%

2 0.10%
5 2.80%
7 1.69%
8 2.85%
9 0.18%
11 2.49%
18 0.50%
20 1.52%
21 4.76%
22 2.23%

South America

Mesoamerican And Andean

South America - Mesoamerican And Andean

5 chr • 6.5% • 3.8%

0.87% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 1: 6.5%

1 6.48%
2 3.00%
8 1.99%
9 2.55%
19 5.01%

Europe

Baltic

Europe - Baltic

4 chr • 10.2% • 4.2%

0.76% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 20: 10.2%

15 1.82%
16 3.93%
18 0.71%
20 10.17%

Africa

Kenyan

Africa - Kenyan

6 chr • 5.7% • 2.6%

0.72% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 6: 5.7%

4 0.40%
5 0.65%
6 5.66%
7 3.21%
8 3.81%
11 2.12%

Africa

Nigeria

Africa - Nigeria

3 chr • 8.7% • 4.5%

0.62% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 3: 8.7%

3 8.70%
6 0.78%
20 4.16%

Oceania

Polynesian

Oceania - Polynesian

7 chr • 4.5% • 1.7%

0.54% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 20: 4.5%

1 1.24%
3 0.07%
10 1.08%
11 0.29%
12 2.60%
17 2.12%
20 4.45%

Europe

English

Europe - English

3 chr • 10.2% • 3.8%

0.52% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 1: 10.2%

1 10.21%
10 0.13%
17 1.18%

Asia

Tibetan

Asia - Tibetan

8 chr • 3.3% • 1.3%

0.49% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 16: 3.3%

4 0.48%
5 2.01%
6 0.01%
9 1.25%
13 1.17%
16 3.27%
20 1.64%
22 0.87%

Africa

Masaai

Africa - Masaai

5 chr • 4.0% • 2.0%

0.44% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 22: 4.0%

2 1.22%
5 1.99%
10 1.72%
20 0.81%
22 4.01%

Africa

West African

Africa - West African

2 chr • 4.4% • 4.4%

0.40% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 12: 4.4%

5 4.34%
12 4.40%

Asia

Japanese And Korean

Asia - Japanese And Korean

3 chr • 4.0% • 2.4%

0.33% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 9: 4.0%

9 3.96%
11 0.41%
13 2.87%

Asia

Mongol

Asia - Mongol

2 chr • 6.3% • 3.4%

0.31% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 18: 6.3%

4 0.48%
18 6.25%

Europe

Scandinavian

Europe - Scandinavian

3 chr • 5.1% • 2.1%

0.28% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 2: 5.1%

2 5.13%
10 1.04%
20 0.01%

Asia

Peoples Of Central Asia

Asia - Peoples Of Central Asia

2 chr • 4.7% • 2.8%

0.25% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 1: 4.7%

1 4.68%
20 0.91%

Asia

Chinese And Vietnamese

Asia - Chinese And Vietnamese

1 chr • 5.6% • 5.6%

0.25% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 10: 5.6%

10 5.59%

Europe

Eastern European

Europe - Eastern European

1 chr • 5.3% • 5.3%

0.24% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 3: 5.3%

3 5.31%

North America

Native American

North America - Native American

2 chr • 2.9% • 2.4%

0.22% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 10: 2.9%

9 2.03%
10 2.86%

Oceania

Austronesian

Oceania - Austronesian

3 chr • 1.8% • 1.4%

0.19% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 9: 1.8%

2 0.96%
3 1.44%
9 1.78%

Asia

Cambodian And Thai

Asia - Cambodian And Thai

2 chr • 1.9% • 1.6%

0.15% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 7: 1.9%

3 1.39%
7 1.85%

Oceania

Melanesian

Oceania - Melanesian

2 chr • 2.4% • 1.3%

0.12% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 2: 2.4%

2 2.38%
12 0.17%

Europe

Balkans

Europe - Balkans

1 chr • 2.0% • 2.0%

0.09% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 11: 2.0%

11 1.99%

Europe

Finnish

Europe - Finnish

1 chr • 1.6% • 1.6%

0.07% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 1: 1.6%

1 1.55%

South America

Amazonian

South America - Amazonian

1 chr • 1.3% • 1.3%

0.06% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 18: 1.3%

18 1.32%

Chromosome Heatmap 37 regions

100%

Scroll horizontally to view all chromosomes

Region	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22
Europe 12
North West Europe	54.1%	83.7%	64.5%	79.0%	78.4%	62.2%	64.5%	55.9%	54.5%	71.8%	52.2%	54.4%	67.8%	68.3%	98.2%	54.0%	72.2%	60.2%	53.0%	47.7%	56.0%	71.2%
Sardinian	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	3.2%	6.6%	-	-	5.2%	1.8%	-	-	-	-	15.7%	10.9%	-	27.6%	6.7%
Italian	5.5%	2.3%	-	-	-	-	-	2.4%	1.6%	-	-	11.8%	2.8%	-	-	-	-	3.6%	20.8%	3.2%	0.1%	-
Iberian	-	-	9.0%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	31.4%	4.0%	-	-	-	6.8%	-	-	-	-	-	0.0%
Irish Scottish And Welsh	-	-	-	-	-	1.6%	1.9%	7.1%	-	3.9%	-	3.3%	0.5%	-	-	3.9%	-	-	-	5.3%	2.2%	4.1%
Greek And South Italian	7.4%	-	-	-	5.1%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.5%	-	-	15.9%	-	-	-	-	-	-
Baltic	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1.8%	3.9%	-	0.7%	-	10.2%	-	-
English	10.2%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.1%	-	-	-	-	-	-	1.2%	-	-	-	-	-
Scandinavian	-	5.1%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1.0%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.0%	-	-
Eastern European	-	-	5.3%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Balkans	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2.0%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Finnish	1.6%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Asia 9
Middle East	-	-	-	8.9%	2.5%	10.4%	9.8%	-	13.0%	0.8%	9.2%	-	7.5%	19.8%	-	-	16.1%	6.3%	-	7.9%	-	1.6%
West Asian	0.4%	-	-	-	-	-	-	1.7%	-	5.5%	-	14.2%	9.3%	-	-	-	-	-	-	8.5%	-	-
South Asia	0.3%	-	-	-	-	-	11.0%	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.3%	-	6.0%	-	0.2%	-	-	2.5%	-
Tibetan	-	-	-	0.5%	2.0%	0.0%	-	-	1.2%	-	-	-	1.2%	-	-	3.3%	-	-	-	1.6%	-	0.9%
Japanese And Korean	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	4.0%	-	0.4%	-	2.9%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Mongol	-	-	-	0.5%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	6.2%	-	-	-	-
Peoples Of Central Asia	4.7%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.9%	-	-
Chinese And Vietnamese	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	5.6%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Cambodian And Thai	-	-	1.4%	-	-	-	1.8%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Africa 8
North African	8.2%	-	5.3%	10.1%	0.6%	-	6.0%	16.2%	3.2%	5.6%	-	-	-	6.8%	-	-	-	0.2%	-	-	-	-
Somalia	-	1.2%	-	0.6%	-	8.9%	-	1.1%	9.4%	-	-	-	-	2.4%	-	5.4%	3.8%	-	-	3.6%	-	-
Sierra Leonese	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2.4%	-	-	-	-	10.4%	-	6.9%	-
Central African	-	0.1%	-	-	2.8%	-	1.7%	2.8%	0.2%	-	2.5%	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.5%	-	1.5%	4.8%	2.2%
Kenyan	-	-	-	0.4%	0.6%	5.7%	3.2%	3.8%	-	-	2.1%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Nigeria	-	-	8.7%	-	-	0.8%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	4.2%	-	-
Masaai	-	1.2%	-	-	2.0%	-	-	-	-	1.7%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.8%	-	4.0%
West African	-	-	-	-	4.3%	-	-	-	-	-	-	4.4%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Oceania 4
Papuan	-	-	4.2%	-	1.6%	-	-	0.7%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.7%	4.6%	-	-	-	-	9.3%
Polynesian	1.2%	-	0.1%	-	-	-	-	-	-	1.1%	0.3%	2.6%	-	-	-	-	2.1%	-	-	4.4%	-	-
Austronesian	-	1.0%	1.4%	-	-	-	-	-	1.8%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Melanesian	-	2.4%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.2%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
North America 2
Inuit	-	-	-	-	-	10.5%	-	3.1%	-	-	-	-	5.8%	-	-	-	-	5.0%	-	-	-	-
Native American	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2.0%	2.9%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
South America 2
Mesoamerican And Andean	6.5%	3.0%	-	-	-	-	-	2.0%	2.6%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	5.0%	-	-	-
Amazonian	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1.3%	-	-	-	-

Europe North West Europe

Chr 1 54.1%

Chr 2 83.7%

Chr 3 64.5%

Chr 4 79.0%

Chr 5 78.4%

Chr 6 62.2%

Chr 7 64.5%

Chr 8 55.9%

Chr 9 54.5%

Chr 10 71.8%

Chr 11 52.2%

Chr 12 54.4%

Chr 13 67.8%

Chr 14 68.3%

Chr 15 98.2%

Chr 16 54.0%

Chr 17 72.2%

Chr 18 60.2%

Chr 19 53.0%

Chr 20 47.7%

Chr 21 56.0%

Chr 22 71.2%

Europe Sardinian

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 3.2%

Chr 9 6.6%

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 5.2%

Chr 13 1.8%

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 15.7%

Chr 19 10.9%

Chr 20 -

Chr 21 27.6%

Chr 22 6.7%

Europe Italian

Chr 1 5.5%

Chr 2 2.3%

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 2.4%

Chr 9 1.6%

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 11.8%

Chr 13 2.8%

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 3.6%

Chr 19 20.8%

Chr 20 3.2%

Chr 21 0.1%

Chr 22 -

Europe Iberian

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 9.0%

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 31.4%

Chr 12 4.0%

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 6.8%

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 -

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 0.0%

Europe Irish Scottish And Welsh

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 1.6%

Chr 7 1.9%

Chr 8 7.1%

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 3.9%

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 3.3%

Chr 13 0.5%

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 3.9%

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 5.3%

Chr 21 2.2%

Chr 22 4.1%

Europe Greek And South Italian

Chr 1 7.4%

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 5.1%

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 0.5%

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 15.9%

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 -

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 -

Europe Baltic

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 1.8%

Chr 16 3.9%

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 0.7%

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 10.2%

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 -

Europe English

Chr 1 10.2%

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 0.1%

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 1.2%

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 -

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 -

Europe Scandinavian

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 5.1%

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 1.0%

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 0.0%

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 -

Europe Eastern European

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 5.3%

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 -

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 -

Europe Balkans

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 2.0%

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 -

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 -

Europe Finnish

Chr 1 1.6%

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 -

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 -

Asia Middle East

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 8.9%

Chr 5 2.5%

Chr 6 10.4%

Chr 7 9.8%

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 13.0%

Chr 10 0.8%

Chr 11 9.2%

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 7.5%

Chr 14 19.8%

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 16.1%

Chr 18 6.3%

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 7.9%

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 1.6%

Asia West Asian

Chr 1 0.4%

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 1.7%

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 5.5%

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 14.2%

Chr 13 9.3%

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 8.5%

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 -

Asia South Asia

Chr 1 0.3%

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 11.0%

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 0.3%

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 6.0%

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 0.2%

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 -

Chr 21 2.5%

Chr 22 -

Asia Tibetan

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 0.5%

Chr 5 2.0%

Chr 6 0.0%

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 1.2%

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 1.2%

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 3.3%

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 1.6%

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 0.9%

Asia Japanese And Korean

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 4.0%

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 0.4%

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 2.9%

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 -

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 -

Asia Mongol

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 0.5%

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 6.2%

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 -

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 -

Asia Peoples Of Central Asia

Chr 1 4.7%

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 0.9%

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 -

Asia Chinese And Vietnamese

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 5.6%

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 -

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 -

Asia Cambodian And Thai

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 1.4%

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 1.8%

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 -

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 -

Africa North African

Chr 1 8.2%

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 5.3%

Chr 4 10.1%

Chr 5 0.6%

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 6.0%

Chr 8 16.2%

Chr 9 3.2%

Chr 10 5.6%

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 6.8%

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 0.2%

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 -

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 -

Africa Somalia

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 1.2%

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 0.6%

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 8.9%

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 1.1%

Chr 9 9.4%

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 2.4%

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 5.4%

Chr 17 3.8%

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 3.6%

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 -

Africa Sierra Leonese

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 2.4%

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 10.4%

Chr 20 -

Chr 21 6.9%

Chr 22 -

Africa Central African

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 0.1%

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 2.8%

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 1.7%

Chr 8 2.8%

Chr 9 0.2%

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 2.5%

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 0.5%

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 1.5%

Chr 21 4.8%

Chr 22 2.2%

Africa Kenyan

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 0.4%

Chr 5 0.6%

Chr 6 5.7%

Chr 7 3.2%

Chr 8 3.8%

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 2.1%

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 -

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 -

Africa Nigeria

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 8.7%

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 0.8%

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 4.2%

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 -

Africa Masaai

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 1.2%

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 2.0%

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 1.7%

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 0.8%

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 4.0%

Africa West African

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 4.3%

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 4.4%

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 -

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 -

Oceania Papuan

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 4.2%

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 1.6%

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 0.7%

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 0.7%

Chr 17 4.6%

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 -

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 9.3%

Oceania Polynesian

Chr 1 1.2%

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 0.1%

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 1.1%

Chr 11 0.3%

Chr 12 2.6%

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 2.1%

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 4.4%

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 -

Oceania Austronesian

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 1.0%

Chr 3 1.4%

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 1.8%

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 -

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 -

Oceania Melanesian

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 2.4%

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 0.2%

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 -

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 -

North America Inuit

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 10.5%

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 3.1%

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 5.8%

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 5.0%

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 -

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 -

North America Native American

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 2.0%

Chr 10 2.9%

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 -

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 -

South America Mesoamerican And Andean

Chr 1 6.5%

Chr 2 3.0%

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 2.0%

Chr 9 2.6%

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 5.0%

Chr 20 -

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 -

South America Amazonian

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 1.3%

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 -

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 -

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Reference

Reference Panel

Populations used in this analysis

Ashkenazi Jews

Jewish Diaspora +2 more

A Jewish diaspora population that historically settled in Central and Eastern Europe, developing distinct cultural and religious traditions. Genetically they show a mix of Levantine ancestry with significant European admixture from medieval and early modern periods. Ashkenazi communities are notable for founder effects and specific medical genetic signatures. Their history includes migration, urban settlement, and rich contributions to European intellectual and cultural life.

Jewish Diaspora Levantine Founder effect

Related Regions:

Central Europe
Eastern Europe
Levant

Eastern European

Slavic European +2 more

Populations primarily from countries like Poland, Russia, and Ukraine, shaped by Slavic migrations and later historic admixture. Genetic profiles often reflect a blend of Slavic, Baltic, Finno-Ugric, and steppe influences accrued over millennia. Regional variation is substantial due to border shifts, trade routes, and historical population movements. Cultural and linguistic diversity maps onto genetic substructure across the region.

Slavic European Baltic Steppe influence

Related Regions:

Poland
Ukraine
Western Russia

Balkans

Southeast Europe Balkan +2 more

Groups from Southeast Europe, including countries like Serbia, Bulgaria, and Croatia, with deep layers of prehistoric, Roman, Byzantine, and Ottoman influence. The genetic landscape shows mixtures of Balkan-specific lineages with inputs from Anatolia, the eastern Mediterranean, and Central Europe. High local diversity reflects complex population turnover, migrations, and long-term regional continuity in some areas. Language families and religious histories add further structure to the genetic picture.

Southeast Europe Balkan Mediterranean Ottoman legacy

Related Regions:

Serbia
Bulgaria
Croatia

Greek and South Italian

Mediterranean Hellenic +2 more

Populations from Greece and Southern Italy reflecting strong Mediterranean continuity, ancient Greek colonization, and later Roman and Byzantine interactions. Genetic signals include eastern Mediterranean and Anatolian inputs alongside local Bronze Age and Iron Age ancestry. Historical maritime trade and colonization have left detectable patterns linking these coastal populations. Cultural and linguistic links between Greece and parts of southern Italy (Magna Graecia) are mirrored in shared genetic components.

Mediterranean Hellenic Southern Europe Ancient colonization

Related Regions:

Greece
Southern Italy
Aegean Islands

Finnish

Uralic Scandinavian +2 more

People from Finland influenced by both Uralic (Finno-Ugric) and Scandinavian ancestry, with notable genetic continuity in the north and founder effects in isolated regions. Finns often show elevated Siberian/Uralic-linked components relative to neighboring populations, reflecting ancient eastern connections. Internal north-south and east-west substructure is pronounced due to geography and settlement history. Cultural and linguistic distinctiveness is paralleled by genetic signatures unique to the region.

Uralic Scandinavian Northern Europe Founder effect

Related Regions:

Finland
Karelia
Scandinavia

North-West Europe

Western Europe Germanic +2 more

Comprising countries like Germany and France, this region reflects a complex mix of Germanic, Celtic, and Roman-era influences. Genetic variation includes ancient hunter-gatherer, Neolithic farmer, and Bronze Age steppe ancestries combined through millennia of migration and cultural change. Urban and rural contrasts reflect later demographic events, trade, and migration patterns within Europe. The region serves as a genetic crossroads linking northern and western European gene pools.

Western Europe Germanic Celtic Roman influence

Related Regions:

Germany
France
Benelux

Iberian

Iberian Mediterranean +2 more

Populations from the Iberian Peninsula, including Spain and Portugal, shaped by prehistoric European layers, Roman and Visigothic periods, and later Islamic-era contributions from North Africa and the Near East. Genetic profiles show a strong local Iberian signature with detectable North African and Mediterranean admixture in some regions. Coastal and inland contrasts exist due to historical trade and settlement patterns. Distinct regional identities—Basque, Catalan, Andalusian—correspond to measurable substructure.

Iberian Mediterranean North African admixture Regional substructure

Related Regions:

Spain
Portugal
Basque region

English

Anglo-Saxon Celtic +2 more

Represents the Anglo-Saxon and Celtic heritage of England, with genetic contributions from pre-Neolithic inhabitants, Neolithic farmers, and later Anglo-Saxon and Viking migrations. Regional variation is notable: southern England often shows more continental European input, while western and northern areas retain stronger Celtic signals. Historical invasions, trade, and internal migrations have shaped the modern English genetic landscape. Cultural and linguistic change across centuries is reflected in underlying population structure.

Anglo-Saxon Celtic British Isles Viking influence

Related Regions:

Southern England
Northern England
British Isles

Italian

Central Europe Mediterranean +2 more

Central and Northern Italian populations marked by varied historical influences including Etruscan, Roman, Celtic, Germanic, and later Mediterranean contacts. Genetic variation shows north-south clines, with northern regions exhibiting more central European affinities and southern areas reflecting stronger Mediterranean and Near Eastern inputs. Long-term patterns of trade, urbanization, and migration have produced considerable local differentiation. The Italian peninsula's role as a crossroads of Europe and the Mediterranean is evident in its genetic mosaic.

Central Europe Mediterranean Roman legacy Regional clines

Related Regions:

Northern Italy
Central Italy
Tuscany

Irish, Scottish, and Welsh

#10

Celtic Gaelic +2 more

Celtic groups with a rich Gaelic cultural heritage and deep prehistoric roots in the British Isles. Genetic signatures include strong regional continuity, with notable differentiation between Ireland, Scotland, and Wales due to historical isolation, drift, and localized admixture. Viking, Anglo-Saxon, and later Norman contacts have left varying imprints in coastal and urban areas. Strong cultural traditions and languages correlate with genetic substructure across the islands.

Celtic Gaelic British Isles Regional continuity

Related Regions:

Ireland
Scotland
Wales

Sardinian

#11

Island Neolithic continuity +2 more

An island population with unique genetic markers and elevated levels of ancestry continuity dating back to the Neolithic and pre-Neolithic periods. Sardinians often serve as a genetic proxy for early European farmers due to relative isolation and reduced later admixture. High frequency of certain haplogroups and population-specific variants reflects long-term demography and founder effects. Cultural and linguistic distinctiveness further mirrors the island's genetic uniqueness.

Island Neolithic continuity Founder effect Mediterranean

Related Regions:

Sardinia
Tyrrhenian Sea
Italy

Scandinavian

#12

Nordic Viking +2 more

Includes Norwegians, Swedes, and Danes, populations with shared history of Viking expansion and northern European ancestries. Genetic profiles combine ancient hunter-gatherer, early farmer, and steppe-related components with later regional differentiation. Maritime mobility, trade, and historical kingdoms contributed to gene flow across the region and into the British Isles. Modern Scandinavians show relative genetic homogeneity with subtle north-south and coastal-inland structure.

Nordic Viking Northern Europe Maritime

Related Regions:

Norway
Sweden
Denmark

West Asian

#13

Anatolian Caucasus +2 more

Encompassing populations from regions like Turkey and the Caucasus, this group reflects a crossroads between Europe, the Near East, and Central Asia. Genetic diversity includes Anatolian Neolithic farmer lineages, Caucasus-specific components, and later gene flow from the Arabian Peninsula and Central Asia. The area has been a major corridor for agricultural spread, languages, and empires, creating complex local admixture patterns. Cultural, linguistic, and topographic diversity generate fine-scale genetic structure.

Anatolian Caucasus Near East Neolithic farmer

Related Regions:

Turkey
Caucasus
Anatolia

Mongol

#14

Steppe Nomadic +2 more

Central Asian groups with historical ties to the Mongol Empire, often showing genetic continuity from steppe pastoralist populations. Typical ancestry components include East Asian, Siberian, and ancient steppe-derived lineages shaped by nomadic mobility and imperial-era admixture. Regional diversity is high, reflecting local tribal structure, Silk Road interactions, and later Turkic expansions. Cultural traits such as pastoralism and mounted warfare correlate with demographic patterns visible in the genome.

Steppe Nomadic Central Asia Mongol Empire

Related Regions:

Mongolia
Inner Asia
Central Asian steppe

South Asia

#15

South Asia Indo-European +2 more

Populations from India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka with complex ancestry formed by ancient indigenous hunter-gatherers, Neolithic farmers, and multiple waves of inward migration. Genetic structure is strongly influenced by caste, language families (Indo-European, Dravidian, Tibeto-Burman), and geography, yielding deep substructure and diverse haplogroup profiles. South Asia has been a longstanding nexus for trade and migration linking West Eurasia with Southeast Asia. High endogamy in many groups has produced regionally specific genetic patterns and medical-relevant variants.

South Asia Indo-European Dravidian High substructure

Related Regions:

India
Pakistan
Sri Lanka

Peoples of Central Asia

#16

Central Asia Turkic +2 more

Diverse ethnic groups from the central Asian steppe region, shaped by millennia of nomadism, Silk Road trade, and successive empires. Genetic profiles typically combine West Eurasian, East Asian, and local steppe ancestries reflecting admixture between Indo-European, Turkic, and Mongolic populations. Geographic corridors and oases produced pockets of high diversity and distinct local signatures. Language shift and cultural assimilation have often outpaced complete genetic turnover, leaving layered ancestry components.

Central Asia Turkic Silk Road Steppe

Related Regions:

Kazakhstan
Uzbekistan
Turkestan

Middle East

#17

Levant Arab +2 more

Includes Arab and Persian populations with a deep and continuous history spanning the Fertile Crescent, Levant, and Arabian Peninsula. Genetic variation captures ancient Neolithic farmer ancestry, local hunter-gatherer lineages, and later admixture from Afro-Asiatic, Indo-European, and Eurasian sources. The region's role as a cradle of agriculture and civilization produced complex demographic layering and high haplotype diversity. Cultural, linguistic, and religious shifts have further structured genetic subpopulations.

Levant Arab Persian Neolithic

Related Regions:

Levant
Arabian Peninsula
Iran

Chinese and Vietnamese

#18

East Asian Han Chinese +2 more

East Asian groups primarily representing Han Chinese and Vietnamese populations, reflecting agricultural expansions from the Yellow River and associated demographic growth. Genetic signatures show strong East Asian continuity with regional substructure across southern China and mainland Southeast Asia due to prehistoric migrations and local admixture. Language families, especially Sino-Tibetan and Austroasiatic interactions, parallel genetic variation. Long histories of state formation, migration, and cultural exchange have shaped population patterns.

East Asian Han Chinese Sino-Tibetan Austroasiatic

Related Regions:

China
Vietnam
Southeast Asia

Japanese and Korean

#19

East Asian Jomon +2 more

Distinct East Asian populations with shared and unique ancestries; both show mixtures of ancient Northeast Asian hunter-gatherers and later agriculturalist inputs. Japanese populations include Jomon and Yayoi-derived components, while Koreans reflect ancient northeastern Asian and Yellow River-associated influences. Despite geographic proximity, each group retains signatures of separate demographic histories and limited post-medieval admixture. Cultural developments, island isolation in Japan, and peninsula dynamics in Korea contribute to genetic differentiation.

East Asian Jomon Yayoi Korean Peninsula

Related Regions:

Japan
Korea
East Asia

Tibetan

#20

High-altitude Tibetic +2 more

Indigenous people from the Tibetan Plateau adapted culturally and genetically to high-altitude environments, with distinctive alleles related to hypoxia tolerance. Tibetan ancestry combines ancient Himalayan hunter-gatherer components with East Asian inputs, shaped by long-term isolation and occasional gene flow across mountain corridors. Cultural practices, language (Tibetic), and pastoralism correlate with genetic distinctiveness. The plateau’s extreme environment has driven convergent and unique genetic adaptations.

High-altitude Tibetic Himalayan Adaptation

Related Regions:

Tibetan Plateau
Himalayas
Qinghai

North African

#21

Berber Arab +2 more

Includes Berber and Arab groups from countries like Egypt and Morocco, with ancestry reflecting indigenous North African, Near Eastern, and sub-Saharan African inputs. Long-term habitation since the Paleolithic and Neolithic, plus later Phoenician, Roman, Arab, and Ottoman influences, have produced substantial regional heterogeneity. Coastal areas often show stronger Mediterranean ties while inland and Saharan zones carry Saharan and sub-Saharan signals. Linguistic diversity (e.g., Berber languages, Arabic dialects) parallels genetic substructure.

Berber Arab Maghreb Saharan admixture

Related Regions:

Morocco
Algeria
Egypt

Kenyan

#22

East Africa Bantu +2 more

Diverse ethnic communities from East Africa, including Nilotic, Bantu, and Cushitic-speaking groups with varied subsistence strategies from pastoralism to agriculture. Genetic diversity reflects ancient East African hunter-gatherer lineages, Bantu expansions, and later Afro-Asiatic and Nilotic migrations. Coastal populations show Indian Ocean connections and historical trade-related admixture. Environmental gradients and cultural practices have produced fine-scale population structure across Kenya.

East Africa Bantu Nilotic Cushitic

Related Regions:

Kenya
Great Rift Valley
Horn of Africa

West African

#23

West Africa Yoruba +2 more

Varied ethnic groups with rich cultural traditions from West Africa, including Yoruba, Akan, and Mande-speaking peoples, shaped by ancient local continuity and later migration waves. Genetic signatures commonly show deep sub-Saharan lineages with localized structure corresponding to linguistic and historical kingdoms. The region was also a major source for transatlantic migration during historical times, which shaped diaspora genetics. High haplotype diversity and complex demographic history characterize West African populations.

West Africa Yoruba Mande High diversity

Related Regions:

Nigeria
Ghana
Senegal

Central African

#24

Central Africa Bantu expansion +2 more

Populations from the Central African region often associated with the Bantu expansion, showing a mix of rainforest-adapted hunter-gatherer lineages and Bantu-speaking agriculturalist ancestry. Genetic diversity includes Pygmy-associated hunter-gatherer components in some groups and wide-ranging Bantu-derived signals across others. Environmental factors like dense forests and rivers have influenced demographic patterns and genetic drift. Historical migrations and language spread have left clear genetic footprints throughout the region.

Central Africa Bantu expansion Hunter-gatherer admixture Rainforest

Related Regions:

Congo Basin
Central African Republic
Gabon

Sierra Leonese

#25

Sierra Leone Mende +2 more

Ethnic groups within Sierra Leone with distinct cultural identities and genetic backgrounds shaped by West African demographic history. Populations such as the Mende and Temne show local continuity mixed with broader West African lineages from trade and migration. Historical coastal interactions, including Atlantic trade, have influenced gene flow in some coastal communities. Regional languages, clan structure, and historical migrations contribute to measurable substructure.

Sierra Leone Mende Temne West African

Related Regions:

Sierra Leone
Liberia
Guinea

Nigeria

#26

Yoruba Igbo +2 more

Highly diverse, with numerous ethnic groups like the Yoruba, Igbo, and Hausa, reflecting deep West African genetic variation and complex demographic history. Distinct linguistic families (Niger-Congo, Chadic) and historical kingdoms produced local differentiation and unique haplotype distributions. Nigeria's large population size and internal migrations contribute to high genetic diversity and regional substructure. Urbanization and historical trade networks have also mediated admixture between distinct groups.

Yoruba Igbo Hausa High diversity

Related Regions:

Nigeria
Niger Delta
West Africa

Somalia

#27

Horn of Africa Cushitic +2 more

East African populations renowned for pastoralist traditions and long-standing connections across the Horn of Africa and Arabian Peninsula. Genetic profiles show Cushitic and Afro-Asiatic ancestry with Near Eastern and Arabian inputs due to historic maritime and trade links. Cultural continuity, clan structures, and adaptation to arid environments contribute to distinct regional genetic signatures. Coastal trade across the Indian Ocean has left detectable admixture in some Somali communities.

Horn of Africa Cushitic Pastoralist Arabian admixture

Related Regions:

Somalia
Horn of Africa
Gulf of Aden

Masai

#28

Nilotic Pastoralist +2 more

Indigenous pastoralist tribes from Kenya and Tanzania known for distinct cultural practices, mobility, and warrior traditions. Genetically they reflect Nilotic ancestry with influences from neighboring Bantu and Cushitic populations due to centuries of contact and intermarriage. Social organization, endogamy within clans, and pastoral lifestyle have shaped effective population sizes and genetic drift patterns. Their genetic and cultural identity remain emblematic of East African pastoral systems.

Nilotic Pastoralist East Africa Cultural continuity

Related Regions:

Kenya
Tanzania
Great Rift Valley

Amazonian

#29

Amazon Indigenous +2 more

Indigenous groups residing within the Amazon rainforest with deep local continuity and extensive ecological knowledge adapted to tropical forest environments. Genetic lineages often reflect ancient peopling of South America with high isolation and strong local drift in many communities. Cultural diversity and language families (e.g., Tupi, Arawak) correspond to fine-scale genetic structure influenced by riverine geography. Recent contact and population decline have also impacted genetic diversity in some groups.

Amazon Indigenous Tropical forest High drift

Related Regions:

Amazon Basin
Brazil
Peru

Mesoamerican and Andean

#30

Native American Mesoamerica +2 more

Descendants of ancient civilizations like the Maya, Aztec, and Inca, carrying genetic signatures of pre-Columbian population structure across highland and lowland environments. Andean populations often show adaptations to high-altitude life and continuity in the central Andes, while Mesoamerican groups reflect dense archaeological and cultural histories in Mexico and Central America. Post-contact admixture with Europeans and Africans has shaped modern genomes, but indigenous structure remains detectable. Linguistic and cultural diversity aligns with regional genetic differentiation.

Native American Mesoamerica Andes Ancient civilizations

Related Regions:

Mexico
Peru
Central America

Melanesian

#31

Melanesia Papuan ancestry +2 more

Indigenous peoples of the Melanesian islands (e.g., Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands) characterized by deep ancestry and some of the region’s highest levels of genetic diversity. Melanesians often carry ancient Papuan lineages with later Austronesian admixture in many coastal communities. Distinct phenotypic and genetic features, including Denisovan-related ancestry in some populations, reflect long-term isolation and complex prehistoric interactions. Linguistic diversity (Papuan vs Austronesian languages) parallels genetic structure across islands.

Melanesia Papuan ancestry Denisovan signal Austronesian admixture

Related Regions:

Papua New Guinea
Solomon Islands
Vanuatu

Papuan

#32

Papuan High diversity +2 more

Indigenous inhabitants of Papua New Guinea and neighboring islands with deep genetic roots predating Austronesian expansion. Papuan groups often show high internal diversity, long-term isolation, and unique lineages distinct from Austronesian-speaking coastal peoples. Genetic and linguistic fragmentation is extreme across the island’s rugged terrain, leading to many small, differentiated populations. Ancient ancestry components and limited gene flow have preserved archaic and region-specific variants.

Papuan High diversity Pre-Austronesian Isolation

Related Regions:

Papua New Guinea
Bismarck Archipelago
New Guinea Highlands

Austronesian

#33

Austronesian Maritime expansion +2 more

Encompassing maritime cultures across the Pacific and Southeast Asia that spread via dramatic oceanic expansions from Taiwan and Island Southeast Asia. Austronesian-speaking populations show a mix of Southeast Asian farmer ancestry and varying degrees of Melanesian or Papuan admixture depending on island location. Their seafaring history produced rapid dispersals, founder events, and distinctive genetic clines across Oceania. Linguistic coherence and shared cultural traits accompany genetic signatures of migration routes.

Austronesian Maritime expansion Island Southeast Asia Founder effect

Related Regions:

Taiwan
Philippines
Island Southeast Asia

Polynesian

#34

Polynesia Austronesian +2 more

Indigenous peoples across the central and southern Pacific Ocean whose ancestry derives from Austronesian voyagers mixed with varying Melanesian input. Polynesian genetics show signatures of long-distance voyaging, bottlenecks, and serial founder events that shaped modern diversity across remote islands. Cultural and linguistic unity across vast ocean distances reflects recent rapid dispersal and strong founder effects. Genetic markers often reveal shared East Asian origins with subsequent admixture and island-specific drift.

Polynesia Austronesian Founder events Voyaging

Related Regions:

Polynesia
Hawaii
Samoa

Native American

#35

Indigenous First Americans +2 more

Indigenous peoples of the United States and Canada with deep ancestral lineages tracing back to the first peopling of the Americas. Genetic diversity among tribes is structured by geography, language families, and historical migrations across North America. Post-contact demographic collapse and subsequent admixture have modified many population genomes, but regional indigenous signatures remain detectable. Cultural, linguistic, and ecological adaptations contribute to fine-scale population differentiation.

Indigenous First Americans Tribal diversity Regional structure

Related Regions:

United States
Canada
Arctic to Plains

Inuit

#36

Arctic Paleo-Eskimo +2 more

Indigenous people inhabiting the Arctic regions, known for genetic and physiological adaptations to extreme cold and marine-based diets. Inuit ancestry derives from distinct Paleo-Eskimo and Neo-Eskimo migrations with links across Greenland, Canada, Alaska, and parts of Siberia. High-latitude adaptations (e.g., lipid metabolism genes) and cultural continuity through specialized subsistence strategies mark their genetic distinctiveness. Geographic isolation and small effective population sizes have produced detectable founder effects and local differentiation.

Arctic Paleo-Eskimo Adaptation Circumpolar

Related Regions:

Greenland
Canadian Arctic
Alaska

Exclusive Admixture Report

Population composition

Reference contributions

Reference regions

North West Europe

Middle East

North African

Smaller reference components

Chromosome Admixture Analysis

North West Europe

Europe - North West Europe

Middle East

Asia - Middle East

Sardinian

Europe - Sardinian

North African

Africa - North African

Italian

Europe - Italian

Iberian

Europe - Iberian

West Asian

Asia - West Asian

Somalia

Africa - Somalia

Irish Scottish And Welsh

Europe - Irish Scottish And Welsh

Greek And South Italian

Europe - Greek And South Italian

Inuit

North America - Inuit

Papuan

Oceania - Papuan

South Asia

Asia - South Asia

Sierra Leonese

Africa - Sierra Leonese

Central African

Africa - Central African

Mesoamerican And Andean

South America - Mesoamerican And Andean

Baltic

Europe - Baltic

Kenyan

Africa - Kenyan

Nigeria

Africa - Nigeria

Polynesian

Oceania - Polynesian

English

Europe - English

Tibetan

Asia - Tibetan

Masaai

Africa - Masaai

West African

Africa - West African

Japanese And Korean

Asia - Japanese And Korean

Mongol

Asia - Mongol

Scandinavian

Europe - Scandinavian

Peoples Of Central Asia

Asia - Peoples Of Central Asia

Chinese And Vietnamese

Asia - Chinese And Vietnamese

Eastern European

Europe - Eastern European

Native American

North America - Native American

Austronesian

Oceania - Austronesian

Cambodian And Thai

Asia - Cambodian And Thai

Melanesian

Oceania - Melanesian

Balkans

Europe - Balkans

Finnish