Exclusive Admixture / Reference model

Global Ancestry K38

Statistical genetic similarity to this calculator's reference populations. Read the modeled weights with the panel's context.

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Selected sampleDEMO REPORT

Largest componentNorth West Europe 77.3% of this model

Model components13positive contributions

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Model results

Population composition

Read the exact modeled percentages beside reference geography and its limitations.

Reference contributions

North West Europe Primary region 77.3%

Middle East 8.9%

North African 5.5%

Chinese And Vietnamese 2.3%

Masaai 1.5%

Central African 1.3%

Somalia 0.8%

Sardinian 0.5%

Kenyan 0.5%

Irish Scottish And Welsh 0.4%

Papuan 0.4%

Tibetan 0.3%

Japanese And Korean 0.2%

Exact model percentages appear on the right; bars are relative to the largest displayed contribution. Rounding can affect the total. Components below 5% are grouped under "Other".

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The numerical composition remains available if the chart cannot load.

Explore component context

Regions

Reference regions

Click any region to explore detailed information

North West Europe

77.3%

This region represents 77.3% of this reference model.

Middle East

8.9%

This region represents 8.9% of this reference model.

North African

5.5%

This region represents 5.5% of this reference model.

Smaller reference components

Small modeled weights depend on the reference panel and do not establish distant ancestry or family connections.

Chinese And Vietnamese 2.26%

Masaai 1.53%

Central African 1.28%

Somalia 0.82%

Sardinian 0.54%

Kenyan 0.52%

Irish Scottish And Welsh 0.41%

Papuan 0.38%

Tibetan 0.33%

Japanese And Korean 0.23%

Supporting analysis

Chromosome Admixture Analysis

Inspect chromosome-level contributions within this reference model.

Exclusive Feature

By Chromosome By Region Table

Chromosome 1

North West Europe Primary region 54.1%

English 10.2%

North African 8.2%

Greek And South Italian 7.4%

Mesoamerican And Andean 6.5%

Italian 5.5%

Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding. Regions below 5% are grouped under "Other".

Chromosome 2

North West Europe Primary region 83.7%

Scandinavian 5.1%

Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding. Regions below 5% are grouped under "Other".

Chromosome 3

North West Europe Primary region 64.5%

Iberian 9.0%

Nigeria 8.7%

North African 5.3%

Eastern European 5.3%

Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding. Regions below 5% are grouped under "Other".

Chromosome 4

Chromosome 5

North West Europe Primary region 78.4%

Greek And South Italian 5.1%

Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding. Regions below 5% are grouped under "Other".

Chromosome 6

North West Europe Primary region 62.2%

Inuit 10.5%

Middle East 10.4%

Somalia 8.9%

Kenyan 5.7%

Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding. Regions below 5% are grouped under "Other".

Chromosome 7

North West Europe Primary region 64.5%

South Asia 11.0%

Middle East 9.8%

North African 6.0%

Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding. Regions below 5% are grouped under "Other".

Chromosome 8

North West Europe Primary region 55.9%

North African 16.2%

Irish Scottish And Welsh 7.1%

Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding. Regions below 5% are grouped under "Other".

Chromosome 9

North West Europe Primary region 54.5%

Middle East 13.0%

Somalia 9.4%

Sardinian 6.6%

Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding. Regions below 5% are grouped under "Other".

Chromosome 10

North West Europe Primary region 71.8%

North African 5.6%

Chinese And Vietnamese 5.6%

West Asian 5.5%

Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding. Regions below 5% are grouped under "Other".

Chromosome 11

North West Europe Primary region 52.2%

Iberian 31.4%

Middle East 9.2%

Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding. Regions below 5% are grouped under "Other".

Chromosome 12

North West Europe Primary region 54.4%

West Asian 14.2%

Italian 11.8%

Sardinian 5.2%

Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding. Regions below 5% are grouped under "Other".

Chromosome 13

North West Europe Primary region 67.8%

West Asian 9.3%

Middle East 7.5%

Inuit 5.8%

Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding. Regions below 5% are grouped under "Other".

Chromosome 14

Chromosome 15

Chromosome 16

North West Europe Primary region 54.0%

Greek And South Italian 15.9%

Iberian 6.8%

South Asia 6.0%

Somalia 5.4%

Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding. Regions below 5% are grouped under "Other".

Chromosome 17

Chromosome 18

North West Europe Primary region 60.2%

Sardinian 15.7%

Middle East 6.3%

Mongol 6.3%

Inuit 5.0%

Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding. Regions below 5% are grouped under "Other".

Chromosome 19

Chromosome 20

North West Europe Primary region 47.7%

Baltic 10.2%

West Asian 8.5%

Middle East 7.9%

Irish Scottish And Welsh 5.3%

Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding. Regions below 5% are grouped under "Other".

Chromosome 21

North West Europe Primary region 56.0%

Sardinian 27.6%

Sierra Leonese 6.9%

Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding. Regions below 5% are grouped under "Other".

Chromosome 22

North West Europe Primary region 71.2%

Papuan 9.3%

Sardinian 6.7%

Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding. Regions below 5% are grouped under "Other".

Sort:

37 regions detected | 22 chromosomes analyzed |

Europe

North West Europe

Europe - North West Europe

22 chr • 98.2% • 64.7%

64.71% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 15: 98.2%

1 54.13%
2 83.67%
3 64.54%
4 78.96%
5 78.37%
6 62.23%
7 64.49%
8 55.93%
9 54.51%
10 71.84%
11 52.15%
12 54.37%
13 67.79%
14 68.27%
15 98.18%
16 54.01%
17 72.18%
18 60.19%
19 52.97%
20 47.73%
21 55.99%
22 71.18%

Asia

Middle East

Asia - Middle East

13 chr • 19.8% • 8.7%

5.17% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 14: 19.8%

4 8.88%
5 2.54%
6 10.40%
7 9.84%
9 12.98%
10 0.76%
11 9.19%
13 7.50%
14 19.78%
17 16.06%
18 6.29%
20 7.90%
22 1.56%

Europe

Sardinian

Europe - Sardinian

8 chr • 27.6% • 9.7%

3.54% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 21: 27.6%

8 3.15%
9 6.63%
12 5.19%
13 1.84%
18 15.73%
19 10.86%
21 27.63%
22 6.74%

Africa

North African

Africa - North African

10 chr • 16.2% • 6.2%

2.83% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 8: 16.2%

1 8.17%
3 5.33%
4 10.14%
5 0.61%
7 5.99%
8 16.23%
9 3.16%
10 5.64%
14 6.84%
18 0.16%

Europe

Italian

Europe - Italian

10 chr • 20.8% • 5.4%

2.45% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 19: 20.8%

1 5.48%
2 2.29%
8 2.38%
9 1.61%
12 11.79%
13 2.77%
18 3.57%
19 20.76%
20 3.25%
21 0.09%

Europe

Iberian

Europe - Iberian

5 chr • 31.4% • 10.3%

2.33% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 11: 31.4%

3 9.04%
11 31.36%
12 3.97%
16 6.84%
22 0.04%

Asia

West Asian

Asia - West Asian

6 chr • 14.2% • 6.6%

1.80% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 12: 14.2%

1 0.41%
8 1.69%
10 5.46%
12 14.17%
13 9.31%
20 8.51%

Africa

Somalia

Africa - Somalia

9 chr • 9.4% • 4.1%

1.66% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 9: 9.4%

2 1.25%
4 0.65%
6 8.89%
8 1.13%
9 9.37%
14 2.41%
16 5.44%
17 3.83%
20 3.62%

Europe

Irish Scottish And Welsh

Europe - Irish Scottish And Welsh

10 chr • 7.1% • 3.4%

1.53% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 8: 7.1%

6 1.55%
7 1.87%
8 7.12%
10 3.88%
12 3.34%
13 0.46%
16 3.88%
20 5.32%
21 2.16%
22 4.10%

Europe

Greek And South Italian

Europe - Greek And South Italian

4 chr • 15.9% • 7.2%

1.31% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 16: 15.9%

1 7.37%
5 5.08%
13 0.49%
16 15.92%

North America

Inuit

North America - Inuit

4 chr • 10.5% • 6.1%

1.11% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 6: 10.5%

6 10.49%
8 3.07%
13 5.81%
18 5.04%

Oceania

Papuan

Oceania - Papuan

6 chr • 9.3% • 3.5%

0.96% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 22: 9.3%

3 4.18%
5 1.62%
8 0.66%
16 0.70%
17 4.64%
22 9.28%

Asia

South Asia

Asia - South Asia

6 chr • 11.0% • 3.4%

0.92% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 7: 11.0%

1 0.27%
7 11.04%
14 0.30%
16 6.01%
18 0.24%
21 2.46%

Africa

Sierra Leonese

Africa - Sierra Leonese

3 chr • 10.4% • 6.6%

0.90% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 19: 10.4%

14 2.39%
19 10.40%
21 6.91%

Africa

Central African

Africa - Central African

10 chr • 4.8% • 1.9%

0.87% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 21: 4.8%

2 0.10%
5 2.80%
7 1.69%
8 2.85%
9 0.18%
11 2.49%
18 0.50%
20 1.52%
21 4.76%
22 2.23%

South America

Mesoamerican And Andean

South America - Mesoamerican And Andean

5 chr • 6.5% • 3.8%

0.87% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 1: 6.5%

1 6.48%
2 3.00%
8 1.99%
9 2.55%
19 5.01%

Europe

Baltic

Europe - Baltic

4 chr • 10.2% • 4.2%

0.76% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 20: 10.2%

15 1.82%
16 3.93%
18 0.71%
20 10.17%

Africa

Kenyan

Africa - Kenyan

6 chr • 5.7% • 2.6%

0.72% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 6: 5.7%

4 0.40%
5 0.65%
6 5.66%
7 3.21%
8 3.81%
11 2.12%

Africa

Nigeria

Africa - Nigeria

3 chr • 8.7% • 4.5%

0.62% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 3: 8.7%

3 8.70%
6 0.78%
20 4.16%

Oceania

Polynesian

Oceania - Polynesian

7 chr • 4.5% • 1.7%

0.54% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 20: 4.5%

1 1.24%
3 0.07%
10 1.08%
11 0.29%
12 2.60%
17 2.12%
20 4.45%

Europe

English

Europe - English

3 chr • 10.2% • 3.8%

0.52% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 1: 10.2%

1 10.21%
10 0.13%
17 1.18%

Asia

Tibetan

Asia - Tibetan

8 chr • 3.3% • 1.3%

0.49% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 16: 3.3%

4 0.48%
5 2.01%
6 0.01%
9 1.25%
13 1.17%
16 3.27%
20 1.64%
22 0.87%

Africa

Masaai

Africa - Masaai

5 chr • 4.0% • 2.0%

0.44% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 22: 4.0%

2 1.22%
5 1.99%
10 1.72%
20 0.81%
22 4.01%

Africa

West African

Africa - West African

2 chr • 4.4% • 4.4%

0.40% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 12: 4.4%

5 4.34%
12 4.40%

Asia

Japanese And Korean

Asia - Japanese And Korean

3 chr • 4.0% • 2.4%

0.33% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 9: 4.0%

9 3.96%
11 0.41%
13 2.87%

Asia

Mongol

Asia - Mongol

2 chr • 6.3% • 3.4%

0.31% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 18: 6.3%

4 0.48%
18 6.25%

Europe

Scandinavian

Europe - Scandinavian

3 chr • 5.1% • 2.1%

0.28% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 2: 5.1%

2 5.13%
10 1.04%
20 0.01%

Asia

Peoples Of Central Asia

Asia - Peoples Of Central Asia

2 chr • 4.7% • 2.8%

0.25% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 1: 4.7%

1 4.68%
20 0.91%

Asia

Chinese And Vietnamese

Asia - Chinese And Vietnamese

1 chr • 5.6% • 5.6%

0.25% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 10: 5.6%

10 5.59%

Europe

Eastern European

Europe - Eastern European

1 chr • 5.3% • 5.3%

0.24% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 3: 5.3%

3 5.31%

North America

Native American

North America - Native American

2 chr • 2.9% • 2.4%

0.22% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 10: 2.9%

9 2.03%
10 2.86%

Oceania

Austronesian

Oceania - Austronesian

3 chr • 1.8% • 1.4%

0.19% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 9: 1.8%

2 0.96%
3 1.44%
9 1.78%

Asia

Cambodian And Thai

Asia - Cambodian And Thai

2 chr • 1.9% • 1.6%

0.15% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 7: 1.9%

3 1.39%
7 1.85%

Oceania

Melanesian

Oceania - Melanesian

2 chr • 2.4% • 1.3%

0.12% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 2: 2.4%

2 2.38%
12 0.17%

Europe

Balkans

Europe - Balkans

1 chr • 2.0% • 2.0%

0.09% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 11: 2.0%

11 1.99%

Europe

Finnish

Europe - Finnish

1 chr • 1.6% • 1.6%

0.07% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 1: 1.6%

1 1.55%

South America

Amazonian

South America - Amazonian

1 chr • 1.3% • 1.3%

0.06% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 18: 1.3%

18 1.32%

Chromosome Heatmap 37 regions

100%

Scroll horizontally to view all chromosomes

Region	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22
Europe 12
North West Europe	54.1%	83.7%	64.5%	79.0%	78.4%	62.2%	64.5%	55.9%	54.5%	71.8%	52.2%	54.4%	67.8%	68.3%	98.2%	54.0%	72.2%	60.2%	53.0%	47.7%	56.0%	71.2%
Sardinian	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	3.2%	6.6%	-	-	5.2%	1.8%	-	-	-	-	15.7%	10.9%	-	27.6%	6.7%
Italian	5.5%	2.3%	-	-	-	-	-	2.4%	1.6%	-	-	11.8%	2.8%	-	-	-	-	3.6%	20.8%	3.2%	0.1%	-
Iberian	-	-	9.0%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	31.4%	4.0%	-	-	-	6.8%	-	-	-	-	-	0.0%
Irish Scottish And Welsh	-	-	-	-	-	1.6%	1.9%	7.1%	-	3.9%	-	3.3%	0.5%	-	-	3.9%	-	-	-	5.3%	2.2%	4.1%
Greek And South Italian	7.4%	-	-	-	5.1%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.5%	-	-	15.9%	-	-	-	-	-	-
Baltic	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1.8%	3.9%	-	0.7%	-	10.2%	-	-
English	10.2%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.1%	-	-	-	-	-	-	1.2%	-	-	-	-	-
Scandinavian	-	5.1%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1.0%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.0%	-	-
Eastern European	-	-	5.3%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Balkans	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2.0%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Finnish	1.6%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Asia 9
Middle East	-	-	-	8.9%	2.5%	10.4%	9.8%	-	13.0%	0.8%	9.2%	-	7.5%	19.8%	-	-	16.1%	6.3%	-	7.9%	-	1.6%
West Asian	0.4%	-	-	-	-	-	-	1.7%	-	5.5%	-	14.2%	9.3%	-	-	-	-	-	-	8.5%	-	-
South Asia	0.3%	-	-	-	-	-	11.0%	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.3%	-	6.0%	-	0.2%	-	-	2.5%	-
Tibetan	-	-	-	0.5%	2.0%	0.0%	-	-	1.2%	-	-	-	1.2%	-	-	3.3%	-	-	-	1.6%	-	0.9%
Japanese And Korean	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	4.0%	-	0.4%	-	2.9%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Mongol	-	-	-	0.5%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	6.2%	-	-	-	-
Peoples Of Central Asia	4.7%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.9%	-	-
Chinese And Vietnamese	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	5.6%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Cambodian And Thai	-	-	1.4%	-	-	-	1.8%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Africa 8
North African	8.2%	-	5.3%	10.1%	0.6%	-	6.0%	16.2%	3.2%	5.6%	-	-	-	6.8%	-	-	-	0.2%	-	-	-	-
Somalia	-	1.2%	-	0.6%	-	8.9%	-	1.1%	9.4%	-	-	-	-	2.4%	-	5.4%	3.8%	-	-	3.6%	-	-
Sierra Leonese	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2.4%	-	-	-	-	10.4%	-	6.9%	-
Central African	-	0.1%	-	-	2.8%	-	1.7%	2.8%	0.2%	-	2.5%	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.5%	-	1.5%	4.8%	2.2%
Kenyan	-	-	-	0.4%	0.6%	5.7%	3.2%	3.8%	-	-	2.1%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Nigeria	-	-	8.7%	-	-	0.8%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	4.2%	-	-
Masaai	-	1.2%	-	-	2.0%	-	-	-	-	1.7%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.8%	-	4.0%
West African	-	-	-	-	4.3%	-	-	-	-	-	-	4.4%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Oceania 4
Papuan	-	-	4.2%	-	1.6%	-	-	0.7%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.7%	4.6%	-	-	-	-	9.3%
Polynesian	1.2%	-	0.1%	-	-	-	-	-	-	1.1%	0.3%	2.6%	-	-	-	-	2.1%	-	-	4.4%	-	-
Austronesian	-	1.0%	1.4%	-	-	-	-	-	1.8%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Melanesian	-	2.4%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.2%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
North America 2
Inuit	-	-	-	-	-	10.5%	-	3.1%	-	-	-	-	5.8%	-	-	-	-	5.0%	-	-	-	-
Native American	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2.0%	2.9%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
South America 2
Mesoamerican And Andean	6.5%	3.0%	-	-	-	-	-	2.0%	2.6%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	5.0%	-	-	-
Amazonian	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1.3%	-	-	-	-

Europe North West Europe

Chr 1 54.1%

Chr 2 83.7%

Chr 3 64.5%

Chr 4 79.0%

Chr 5 78.4%

Chr 6 62.2%

Chr 7 64.5%

Chr 8 55.9%

Chr 9 54.5%

Chr 10 71.8%

Chr 11 52.2%

Chr 12 54.4%

Chr 13 67.8%

Chr 14 68.3%

Chr 15 98.2%

Chr 16 54.0%

Chr 17 72.2%

Chr 18 60.2%

Chr 19 53.0%

Chr 20 47.7%

Chr 21 56.0%

Chr 22 71.2%

Europe Sardinian

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 3.2%

Chr 9 6.6%

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 5.2%

Chr 13 1.8%

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 15.7%

Chr 19 10.9%

Chr 20 -

Chr 21 27.6%

Chr 22 6.7%

Europe Italian

Chr 1 5.5%

Chr 2 2.3%

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 2.4%

Chr 9 1.6%

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 11.8%

Chr 13 2.8%

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 3.6%

Chr 19 20.8%

Chr 20 3.2%

Chr 21 0.1%

Chr 22 -

Europe Iberian

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 9.0%

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 31.4%

Chr 12 4.0%

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 6.8%

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 -

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 0.0%

Europe Irish Scottish And Welsh

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 1.6%

Chr 7 1.9%

Chr 8 7.1%

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 3.9%

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 3.3%

Chr 13 0.5%

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 3.9%

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 5.3%

Chr 21 2.2%

Chr 22 4.1%

Europe Greek And South Italian

Chr 1 7.4%

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 5.1%

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 0.5%

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 15.9%

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 -

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 -

Europe Baltic

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 1.8%

Chr 16 3.9%

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 0.7%

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 10.2%

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 -

Europe English

Chr 1 10.2%

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 0.1%

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 1.2%

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 -

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 -

Europe Scandinavian

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 5.1%

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 1.0%

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 0.0%

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 -

Europe Eastern European

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 5.3%

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 -

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 -

Europe Balkans

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 2.0%

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 -

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 -

Europe Finnish

Chr 1 1.6%

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 -

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 -

Asia Middle East

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 8.9%

Chr 5 2.5%

Chr 6 10.4%

Chr 7 9.8%

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 13.0%

Chr 10 0.8%

Chr 11 9.2%

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 7.5%

Chr 14 19.8%

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 16.1%

Chr 18 6.3%

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 7.9%

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 1.6%

Asia West Asian

Chr 1 0.4%

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 1.7%

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 5.5%

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 14.2%

Chr 13 9.3%

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 8.5%

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 -

Asia South Asia

Chr 1 0.3%

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 11.0%

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 0.3%

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 6.0%

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 0.2%

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 -

Chr 21 2.5%

Chr 22 -

Asia Tibetan

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 0.5%

Chr 5 2.0%

Chr 6 0.0%

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 1.2%

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 1.2%

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 3.3%

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 1.6%

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 0.9%

Asia Japanese And Korean

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 4.0%

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 0.4%

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 2.9%

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 -

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 -

Asia Mongol

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 0.5%

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 6.2%

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 -

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 -

Asia Peoples Of Central Asia

Chr 1 4.7%

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 0.9%

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 -

Asia Chinese And Vietnamese

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 5.6%

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 -

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 -

Asia Cambodian And Thai

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 1.4%

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 1.8%

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 -

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 -

Africa North African

Chr 1 8.2%

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 5.3%

Chr 4 10.1%

Chr 5 0.6%

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 6.0%

Chr 8 16.2%

Chr 9 3.2%

Chr 10 5.6%

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 6.8%

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 0.2%

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 -

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 -

Africa Somalia

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 1.2%

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 0.6%

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 8.9%

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 1.1%

Chr 9 9.4%

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 2.4%

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 5.4%

Chr 17 3.8%

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 3.6%

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 -

Africa Sierra Leonese

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 2.4%

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 10.4%

Chr 20 -

Chr 21 6.9%

Chr 22 -

Africa Central African

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 0.1%

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 2.8%

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 1.7%

Chr 8 2.8%

Chr 9 0.2%

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 2.5%

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 0.5%

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 1.5%

Chr 21 4.8%

Chr 22 2.2%

Africa Kenyan

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 0.4%

Chr 5 0.6%

Chr 6 5.7%

Chr 7 3.2%

Chr 8 3.8%

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 2.1%

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 -

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 -

Africa Nigeria

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 8.7%

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 0.8%

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 4.2%

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 -

Africa Masaai

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 1.2%

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 2.0%

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 1.7%

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 0.8%

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 4.0%

Africa West African

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 4.3%

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 4.4%

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 -

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 -

Oceania Papuan

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 4.2%

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 1.6%

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 0.7%

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 0.7%

Chr 17 4.6%

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 -

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 9.3%

Oceania Polynesian

Chr 1 1.2%

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 0.1%

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 1.1%

Chr 11 0.3%

Chr 12 2.6%

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 2.1%

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 4.4%

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 -

Oceania Austronesian

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 1.0%

Chr 3 1.4%

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 1.8%

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 -

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 -

Oceania Melanesian

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 2.4%

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 0.2%

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 -

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 -

North America Inuit

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 10.5%

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 3.1%

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 5.8%

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 5.0%

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 -

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 -

North America Native American

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 2.0%

Chr 10 2.9%

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 -

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 -

South America Mesoamerican And Andean

Chr 1 6.5%

Chr 2 3.0%

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 2.0%

Chr 9 2.6%

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 5.0%

Chr 20 -

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 -

South America Amazonian

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 1.3%

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 -

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 -

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Reference

Reference Panel

Populations used in this analysis

Eastern European

European Slavic +2 more

Populations from countries such as Poland, Russia, and Ukraine characterized by Slavic, Baltic, and Finno-Ugric admixture and complex migration histories. Genetic signatures reflect medieval Slavic expansions, Baltic persistence in the north, and historical contacts with Steppe and Central European groups. Modern variation is shaped by geographic clines, language shifts, and regional founder effects.

European Slavic Baltic Continental

Related Regions:

Poland
Ukraine
Russia
Baltic States

Balkans

European Mediterranean +2 more

A genetically diverse region encompassing Serbia, Croatia, Albania and neighboring populations, showing layers of Illyrian, Thracian, Greek, Slavic and Ottoman-era influences. The Balkans exhibit high internal heterogeneity with coastal Mediterranean affinities and inland continental components shaped by migrations and centuries of cultural exchange. Local genetic structure often mirrors rugged geography and historical population movements.

European Mediterranean Slavic Admixture

Related Regions:

Serbia
Croatia
Albania
Greece

Greek and South Italian

Mediterranean Ancient +2 more

Populations from mainland Greece and southern Italy with deep ancient Mediterranean roots including Mycenaean, Greek colonist, and pre-Roman substrate contributions. Genetic profiles show continuity with Bronze Age Aegean groups plus later Mediterranean gene flow from Anatolia and North Africa. Southern Italian populations often bridge Italian peninsula and Greek genetic signatures due to historic colonization and trade.

Mediterranean Ancient Aegean Italian

Related Regions:

Greece
Apulia (Southern Italy)
Calabria
Sicily

Finnish

Finno-Ugric Northern Europe +2 more

Indigenous Finno-Ugric speaking populations of Finland with distinctive genetic features, including elevated frequencies of certain mitochondrial and Y-chromosome lineages. Finnish genomes show admixture of ancient Siberian/Fennoscandian elements and European hunter-gatherer and farmer ancestries, plus pronounced regional founder effects and genetic drift. Finland often appears as a genetic outlier in Northern Europe due to isolation and demographic history.

Finno-Ugric Northern Europe Drift Founder Effect

Related Regions:

Finland
Karelia
Fennoscandia

North-West Europe

European Germanic +2 more

Includes populations from the UK, Belgium, and the Netherlands with ancestry primarily shaped by prehistoric hunter-gatherers, Neolithic farmers, and later Germanic and Celtic movements. Genetic variation often reflects maritime connectivity, Anglo-Saxon and Norse influences, and regional substructure across lowland northwestern Europe. Contemporary signatures show relatively high homogeneity compared with southeastern Europe but with identifiable local clines.

European Germanic Celtic Maritime

Related Regions:

United Kingdom
Belgium
Netherlands
Low Countries

Iberian

European Mediterranean +2 more

Populations from Spain and Portugal shaped by a long history including Paleolithic and Neolithic settlement, Iberian pre-Roman groups, Roman and Visigothic periods, and North African and Atlantic contacts. Iberian genomes carry Mediterranean farmer ancestry mixed with Atlantic and North African signals, with notable regional structure between coastal and inland areas. Cultural and linguistic diversity correlates with subtle genetic differentiation across the peninsula.

European Mediterranean Atlantic Peninsular

Related Regions:

Spain
Portugal
Basque Country
Catalonia

English

British Isles Anglo-Saxon +2 more

Populations from England reflecting layers of prehistoric British ancestry, Roman-era influences, Anglo-Saxon migrations, Viking contacts, and Norman admixture. Genetic structure often displays regional distinctions (e.g., southwest vs. northeast) corresponding to historical settlement patterns and demographic events. Modern English genomes are a mosaic of insular British and continental northern European ancestries.

British Isles Anglo-Saxon Insular Historical Admixture

Related Regions:

England
British Isles
Wessex
Mercia

Italian

European Roman +2 more

Central and northern Italian populations shaped by Roman imperial-era continuity, pre-Roman Italic peoples, and later migratory inputs from Europe and the Mediterranean. Genetic profiles show gradients from northern European affinities to more Mediterranean southern influences, with city-states and alpine valleys frequently exhibiting local founder effects. Italy's central and northern regions preserve both ancient Etruscan and later Lombard/Germanic signatures.

European Roman Renaissance Regional Structure

Related Regions:

Tuscany
Lombardy
Emilia-Romagna
Central Italy

Irish, Scottish, and Welsh

Celtic Insular +2 more

Populations from Ireland, Scotland, and Wales with strong Celtic linguistic and cultural connections and genetic continuity from Atlantic Bronze Age and Iron Age inhabitants. These populations show distinctive insular British Isles ancestry components, with regional differentiation linked to geography, historical migrations, and Norse/Anglo influences. Many genetic signatures reflect long-term isolation in upland and coastal areas.

Celtic Insular Atlantic Highland/Lowland

Related Regions:

Ireland
Scotland
Wales
Celtic Fringe

Sardinian

#10

Island Ancient Farmer +2 more

Native to the island of Sardinia, these populations retain high levels of ancestry from Neolithic Mediterranean farmers and pre-Neolithic hunter-gatherers, with relative isolation preserving ancient genetic signals. Sardinians are often used as a reference for early European farmer ancestry due to limited subsequent admixture and strong regional drift. Local population structure is pronounced across mountainous and coastal zones.

Island Ancient Farmer Isolated Founder Effect

Related Regions:

Sardinia
Western Mediterranean
Tyrrhenian Region

Scandinavian

#11

Norse Northern Europe +2 more

Populations from Sweden, Norway, and Denmark with genetic legacies of Mesolithic hunter-gatherers, Neolithic farmers, and later Norse and Viking expansions. Scandinavian genomes often show elevated Northern European and Steppe-derived components, with regional variation between coastal and inland groups. Historic seafaring and trade have left detectable signatures across broader northern Europe.

Norse Northern Europe Viking Maritime

Related Regions:

Sweden
Norway
Denmark
Scandinavia

West Asian

#12

Near Eastern Anatolian +2 more

Populations from Anatolia, the Caucasus, and Iran with deep Near Eastern roots, extensive internal diversity, and frequent admixture with Eurasian and Mediterranean groups. Genetic patterns reflect early Neolithic farming origins in the Fertile Crescent, subsequent Bronze Age movements, and continuous gene flow across the Anatolian-Caucasus-Iranian corridors. Regional differences are pronounced due to mountainous barriers and long-standing ethno-linguistic diversity.

Near Eastern Anatolian Caucasus Neolithic

Related Regions:

Turkey
Iran
Caucasus
Anatolia

Mongol

#13

Nomadic Steppe +2 more

Populations primarily from Mongolia characterized by strong nomadic pastoralist heritage, high frequencies of specific East Eurasian Y-chromosome and mitochondrial lineages, and genetic continuity with Central Asian steppe groups. Mongol genomes reflect admixture between East Asian and ancient steppe populations, with signatures correlating to historical expansions across Eurasia. Regional substructure mirrors tribal affiliations and geographic dispersal.

Nomadic Steppe East Asian Pastoralist

Related Regions:

Mongolia
Inner Mongolia
Central Asian Steppe

South Asia

#14

South Asian Indo-Aryan +2 more

Includes populations from India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh with immense linguistic, cultural, and genetic diversity shaped by ancient hunter-gatherers, Neolithic farmers, Steppe pastoralists, and subsequent migrations. South Asian genomes are structured by caste, tribe, geography, and language families, often showing clines of West Eurasian, indigenous South Asian, and East Asian ancestry. Long-term endogamy and regional founder effects have produced distinctive subpopulations.

South Asian Indo-Aryan Dravidian Highly Structured

Related Regions:

India
Pakistan
Bangladesh
Indus Valley Region

Peoples of Central Asia

#15

Central Asian Turkic +2 more

Populations from Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and neighboring areas influenced by Turkic, Iranian, and Mongolic ancestries with deep steppe pastoralist roots. Genetic landscapes show mixtures of East Eurasian, West Eurasian, and ancient Siberian components shaped by Silk Road connectivity and Turkic expansions. High mobility and historical empires produced pronounced admixture and cultural-linguistic diversity.

Central Asian Turkic Steppe Silk Road

Related Regions:

Kazakhstan
Uzbekistan
Turkestan
Transoxiana

Middle East

#16

Near Eastern Arabian +2 more

Populations across the Arabian Peninsula, Levant, and Mesopotamia with deep continuity from ancient civilizations and complex admixture from Africa, Europe, and Eurasia. Genetic signals include early farmer ancestry from the Fertile Crescent, later Arabian expansions, and North African and Eurasian inflows reflecting trade, conquest, and migration. Regional differentiation is influenced by desert barriers, coastal corridors, and long-standing urban centers.

Near Eastern Arabian Levantine Ancient Civilizations

Related Regions:

Saudi Arabia
Iraq
Levant
Arabian Peninsula

Chinese and Vietnamese

#17

East Asian Sino-Tibetan +2 more

Populations reflecting shared East Asian genetic backgrounds shaped by ancient northern East Asian hunter-gatherers, Neolithic farmer expansions from the Yellow and Yangtze River basins, and regional Southeast Asian admixture. Chinese and Vietnamese groups show internal structure driven by geography, language families (Sino-Tibetan, Tai-Kadai, Austroasiatic), and historical migrations. Coastal and riverine corridors facilitated gene flow across East and Southeast Asia.

East Asian Sino-Tibetan Southeast Asian Neolithic Expansion

Related Regions:

China
Vietnam
Southeast China
Tonkin Gulf

Japanese and Korean

#18

East Asian Insular +2 more

Distinct island and peninsular East Asian groups with genetic contributions from Jomon hunter-gatherers, Yayoi agriculturalists, and continental East Asian sources. Japanese populations often retain Jomon-related ancestry and maritime continuity, while Koreans show strong affinities to northern and central East Asian farmer populations; both exhibit relatively low internal heterogeneity compared with mainland East Asia. Historical interactions and migrations across the Yellow Sea are reflected in shared genetic components.

East Asian Insular Jomon Yayoi

Related Regions:

Japan
Korea
Korean Peninsula
Ryukyu Islands

Tibetan

#19

High-altitude Adaptation +2 more

Indigenous high-altitude populations of the Tibetan Plateau with genetic adaptations to hypoxia and ancestry reflecting ancient East Eurasian and local Paleolithic contributions. Tibetans show distinctive functional alleles (e.g., EPAS1-related) and a genetic profile shaped by long-term isolation and episodic gene flow from neighboring lowland populations. Cultural continuity and geographic isolation have reinforced unique population structure.

High-altitude Adaptation Tibetan Plateau East Eurasian

Related Regions:

Tibet
Himalayan Region
Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

North African

#20

North African Berber +2 more

Populations from Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and Egypt shaped by indigenous Amazigh (Berber) lineages, Arab expansions, Mediterranean contacts, and trans-Saharan gene flow. Genetic profiles commonly mix local North African continuity with Near Eastern, European, and Sub-Saharan African contributions, varying by coastal versus inland populations. Historic trade, colonization, and migration have produced complex regional mosaics.

North African Berber Maghreb Mediterranean

Related Regions:

Morocco
Egypt
Maghreb
Algeria

Kenyan

#21

East African Nilotic +2 more

Diverse ethnic groups native to Kenya including Nilotic, Bantu, Cushitic, and coastal Swahili communities with distinct genetic and linguistic backgrounds. Kenyan populations show a mixture of East African pastoralist, Bantu farming, and Afro-Arab coastal influences, with regional structure reflecting ecology and migratory history. Genetic diversity is high and shaped by both ancient and recent demographic events.

East African Nilotic Bantu Cushitic

Related Regions:

Kenya
Great Rift Valley
Swahili Coast

West African

#22

West African Bantu +2 more

Includes populations from Nigeria, Ghana, and neighboring countries with rich genetic diversity shaped by West African hunter-gatherers, large-scale Bantu expansions, and complex local demographic histories. West African genomes often display high heterozygosity and population-specific lineages, with cultural and linguistic groups (e.g., Yoruba, Akan) showing distinct allele frequency patterns. Historical trade and migrations have further structured the region.

West African Bantu High Diversity Sahelian

Related Regions:

Nigeria
Ghana
West Africa
Gulf of Guinea

Central African

#23

Central African Forest Hunter-Gatherers +2 more

Populations from the Congo Basin and surrounding areas, including forest-dwelling hunter-gatherers and Bantu-speaking agriculturalists, with considerable genetic differentiation. Central African groups often show deep lineages, adaptations to rainforest ecology, and signatures of both ancient isolation and more recent Bantu-mediated admixture. Linguistic and cultural diversity parallels strong genetic structure in the region.

Central African Forest Hunter-Gatherers Bantu High Structure

Related Regions:

Congo Basin
Central Africa
Cameroon

Sierra Leonese

#24

West African Mende +2 more

Indigenous populations of Sierra Leone exhibiting diverse ethnic backgrounds (e.g., Mende, Temne) with genetic signatures typical of Upper West African groups. Local genomes reflect West African agriculturalist and hunter-gatherer ancestries shaped by historical trade, migration, and variable degrees of coastal contact. Distinct regional lineages persist due to historic settlement patterns and relative geographic isolation of some groups.

West African Mende Temne Coastal

Related Regions:

Sierra Leone
Upper West Africa
Liberia

Nigeria

#25

Nigerian Yoruba +2 more

Richly diverse populations across Nigeria, including Yoruba, Igbo, Hausa and many other ethnic groups, with substantial genetic and linguistic heterogeneity. Nigerian genomes reflect complex histories of local hunter-gatherers, agricultural expansions, trans-Sahelian interactions, and coastal trade, making the country a major locus of West African genetic diversity. Fine-scale structure corresponds to ethnicity, language, and geography.

Nigerian Yoruba Igbo Hausa

Related Regions:

Nigeria
Niger Delta
Sahelian Border

Somalia

#26

Horn of Africa Cushitic +2 more

Indigenous Somali people with Afro-Asiatic Cushitic linguistic and genetic affiliations, showing admixture between Horn of Africa, Arabian, and East African ancestries. Somali populations exhibit genetic continuity in the Horn of Africa combined with signals of coastal exchange across the Red Sea and Indian Ocean. Pastoralist traditions and long-distance trade have shaped demographic patterns and regional substructure.

Horn of Africa Cushitic Pastoralist Afro-Asiatic

Related Regions:

Somalia
Horn of Africa
Somaliland

Masai

#27

Nilotic Pastoralist +2 more

Maasai pastoralist communities of Kenya and Tanzania with distinctive East African Nilotic ancestry and cultural traditions tied to cattle herding. Genetically, the Maasai show strong East African components with some West Eurasian admixture reflecting historical trade and migrations. Their population history includes relative endogamy and demographic events that accentuate specific allele frequencies.

Nilotic Pastoralist East African Maasai

Related Regions:

Kenya
Tanzania
Great Rift Valley

Amazonian

#28

Indigenous Amazon +2 more

Indigenous tribes of the Amazon rainforest with deep regional continuity, unique genetic lineages, and adaptations to tropical forest environments. Amazonian populations often show low effective population sizes, strong local differentiation, and signatures of long-term isolation interspersed with episodic gene flow along riverine networks. Cultural and linguistic diversity is mirrored by substantial genetic heterogeneity across the basin.

Indigenous Amazon Isolated Riverine

Related Regions:

Amazon Basin
Brazil
Peru
Colombian Amazon

Mesoamerican and Andean

#29

Indigenous American Pre-Columbian +2 more

Indigenous peoples from regions including Mexico, Guatemala, and the Andean highlands of Peru and Bolivia with legacies of pre-Columbian civilizations like the Maya and Inca. Genetic structure reflects adaptations to diverse ecologies (lowland tropics to high-altitude Andes), ancient hunter-gatherer foundations, and regional continuity with varying degrees of coastal and intermontane gene flow. Cultural complexity is paralleled by fine-scale genetic differentiation.

Indigenous American Pre-Columbian High-altitude Mesoamerica

Related Regions:

Mexico
Peru
Andes
Mesoamerica

Melanesian

#30

Melanesian Papuan +2 more

Indigenous peoples of Melanesia (e.g., Papua New Guinea, Fiji, Solomon Islands) with unique genetic ancestries including deeply divergent Papuan lineages and Austronesian admixture. Melanesians exhibit high regional diversity, often harboring archaic hominin introgression signals and strong local differentiation shaped by island geography. Cultural and linguistic diversity is among the highest globally and is reflected in distinct population genetics.

Melanesian Papuan Austronesian Admixture Island

Related Regions:

Papua New Guinea
Fiji
Solomon Islands
Bismarck Archipelago

Papuan

#31

Papuan Divergent Lineages +2 more

Indigenous groups in Papua New Guinea and surrounding islands characterized by deeply divergent genetic lineages often predating Austronesian expansions. Papuan populations show high linguistic and genetic diversity, strong signals of ancient population structure, and limited gene flow across rugged terrain and island barriers. Some groups also display unique archaic hominin admixture patterns.

Papuan Divergent Lineages High Diversity Pre-Austronesian

Related Regions:

Papua New Guinea
Bismarck Archipelago
New Guinea Highlands

Austronesian

#32

Austronesian Maritime +2 more

Peoples spread across island Southeast Asia and the Pacific (e.g., Indonesia, Philippines) descended largely from Neolithic seafaring farmer expansions originating in Taiwan and coastal China. Austronesian genomes typically show a mix of East Asian farmer ancestry and local hunter-gatherer admixture, with regional variation reflecting island-specific interactions and later contact with Papuan and Melanesian groups. Linguistic unity contrasts with substantial genetic heterogeneity.

Austronesian Maritime Neolithic Expansion Island

Related Regions:

Indonesia
Philippines
Taiwan
Pacific Islands

Polynesian

#33

Polynesian Austronesian +2 more

Indigenous peoples of remote Pacific islands (e.g., Hawaii, Samoa, New Zealand) with ancestry largely derived from Austronesian voyagers admixed with Melanesian and local founder signatures. Polynesian genetic profiles reflect long-range maritime dispersals, island founder effects, and subsequent cultural differentiation across vast ocean distances. Shared genetic markers often track migration routes across the central and eastern Pacific.

Polynesian Austronesian Seafaring Founder Effect

Related Regions:

Hawaii
Samoa
New Zealand
Central Pacific

Native American

#34

Indigenous First Americans +2 more

Indigenous populations across North, Central and parts of South America with ancestries tracing to ancient migrations from Siberia and subsequent continent-wide diversification. Native American groups display substantial regional structure, long-term isolation in some areas, and adaptations to diverse environments from Arctic to tropical zones. Pre-contact demographic events and later admixture with Europeans and Africans have shaped modern genetic landscapes.

Indigenous First Americans High Structure Ancient Migration

Related Regions:

North America
Central America
Andean Region
Amazon Basin

Inuit

#35

Arctic Inuit +2 more

Indigenous Arctic populations inhabiting Greenland, northern Canada, and Alaska, adapted genetically and culturally to extreme cold and marine-based subsistence. Inuit genomes carry distinct Arctic-specific ancestry derived from Late Pleistocene and Holocene migrations across Beringia, with adaptations affecting metabolism and cold tolerance. Regional continuity and circumpolar contacts produce a coherent but diverse Arctic genetic cluster.

Arctic Inuit Adaptation Circumpolar

Related Regions:

Greenland
Arctic Canada
Alaska

Exclusive Admixture Report

Population composition

Reference contributions

Reference regions

North West Europe

Middle East

North African

Smaller reference components

Chromosome Admixture Analysis

North West Europe

Europe - North West Europe

Middle East

Asia - Middle East

Sardinian

Europe - Sardinian

North African

Africa - North African

Italian

Europe - Italian

Iberian

Europe - Iberian

West Asian

Asia - West Asian

Somalia

Africa - Somalia

Irish Scottish And Welsh

Europe - Irish Scottish And Welsh

Greek And South Italian

Europe - Greek And South Italian

Inuit

North America - Inuit

Papuan

Oceania - Papuan

South Asia

Asia - South Asia

Sierra Leonese

Africa - Sierra Leonese

Central African

Africa - Central African

Mesoamerican And Andean

South America - Mesoamerican And Andean

Baltic

Europe - Baltic

Kenyan

Africa - Kenyan

Nigeria

Africa - Nigeria

Polynesian

Oceania - Polynesian

English

Europe - English

Tibetan

Asia - Tibetan

Masaai

Africa - Masaai

West African

Africa - West African

Japanese And Korean

Asia - Japanese And Korean

Mongol

Asia - Mongol

Scandinavian

Europe - Scandinavian

Peoples Of Central Asia

Asia - Peoples Of Central Asia

Chinese And Vietnamese

Asia - Chinese And Vietnamese

Eastern European

Europe - Eastern European

Native American

North America - Native American

Austronesian

Oceania - Austronesian

Cambodian And Thai

Asia - Cambodian And Thai

Melanesian

Oceania - Melanesian

Balkans

Europe - Balkans

Finnish