Global Ancestry K39

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Exclusive Admixture Report

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Exclusive Admixture / Reference model

Global Ancestry K39

Statistical genetic similarity to this calculator's reference populations. Read the modeled weights with the panel's context.

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Selected sampleDEMO REPORT
Largest componentFrench 79.1% of this model
Model components12positive contributions

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Model results

Population composition

Read the exact modeled percentages beside reference geography and its limitations.

Reference contributions
French Primary region 79.1%

Exact model percentages appear on the right; bars are relative to the largest displayed contribution. Rounding can affect the total. Components below 5% are grouped under "Other".

The numerical composition remains available if the chart cannot load.

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Regions

Reference regions

Click any region to explore detailed information

French
79.1%

This region represents 79.1% of this reference model.

Smaller reference components

Small modeled weights depend on the reference panel and do not establish distant ancestry or family connections.

Bedouin 3.76%
Maghrebi 3.14%
Egyptian Levantine And Arabian 2.92%
Bengali Bangladeshi And Northeast Indian 2.76%
Han Chinese 1.95%
East African (kenyan And Ugandan) 1.72%
Pygmy And San Hunter Gatherer 1.32%
Basque 1.25%
Greece And Balkan Peninsula 0.97%
Kenyan And Ugandan 0.80%
Siberian Eskimo 0.31%
Supporting analysis

Chromosome Admixture Analysis

Inspect chromosome-level contributions within this reference model.

Exclusive Feature
Chromosome 1
French Primary region 69.1%
Pakistani And Afghan 5.3%

Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding. Regions below 5% are grouped under "Other".

Sort:
35 regions detected | 22 chromosomes analyzed |
Chromosome breakdown
Chr 4: 86.2%
  • 1 69.05%
  • 2 85.17%
  • 3 72.53%
  • 4 86.24%
  • 5 78.03%
  • 6 62.27%
  • 7 66.81%
  • 8 63.85%
  • 9 56.96%
  • 10 72.17%
  • 11 50.46%
  • 12 64.11%
  • 13 70.58%
  • 14 66.54%
  • 15 79.12%
  • 16 52.54%
  • 17 77.46%
  • 18 53.45%
  • 19 85.29%
  • 20 54.95%
  • 21 48.19%
  • 22 71.15%
Chromosome breakdown
Chr 21: 26.9%
  • 3 10.25%
  • 4 0.39%
  • 11 8.34%
  • 12 10.88%
  • 15 8.04%
  • 16 12.91%
  • 18 5.34%
  • 21 26.88%
  • 22 9.53%
Chromosome breakdown
Chr 9: 15.1%
  • 1 3.89%
  • 4 5.96%
  • 6 11.65%
  • 8 0.02%
  • 9 15.09%
  • 11 8.11%
  • 14 13.68%
  • 16 7.75%
  • 17 13.50%
  • 18 2.65%
Chromosome breakdown
Chr 20: 12.9%
  • 7 11.52%
  • 10 7.35%
  • 13 4.39%
  • 20 12.89%
  • 22 2.35%
Chromosome breakdown
Chr 16: 7.4%
  • 2 3.33%
  • 5 5.69%
  • 6 5.36%
  • 7 1.14%
  • 8 0.23%
  • 9 3.84%
  • 14 4.68%
  • 16 7.39%
  • 17 4.21%
  • 18 2.33%
Chromosome breakdown
Chr 21: 12.3%
  • 8 0.71%
  • 9 4.74%
  • 12 1.54%
  • 18 11.30%
  • 19 2.74%
  • 21 12.33%
  • 22 2.11%
Chromosome breakdown
Chr 8: 10.5%
  • 1 3.83%
  • 3 3.05%
  • 4 5.26%
  • 5 2.35%
  • 8 10.45%
  • 9 1.52%
  • 10 4.24%
  • 14 3.52%
Chromosome breakdown
Chr 22: 8.9%
  • 2 1.98%
  • 5 0.13%
  • 6 8.44%
  • 8 0.67%
  • 12 1.18%
  • 18 1.42%
  • 19 7.90%
  • 20 1.65%
  • 21 0.78%
  • 22 8.85%
Chromosome breakdown
Chr 13: 14.9%
  • 10 0.23%
  • 12 10.71%
  • 13 14.91%
  • 14 4.57%
  • 20 1.42%
Chromosome breakdown
Chr 15: 12.8%
  • 10 1.92%
  • 11 4.66%
  • 15 12.84%
  • 16 4.65%
  • 18 4.93%
Chromosome breakdown
Chr 8: 6.5%
  • 4 1.41%
  • 5 1.52%
  • 6 1.00%
  • 7 5.67%
  • 8 6.45%
  • 9 4.08%
  • 11 4.70%
Chromosome breakdown
Chr 6: 9.9%
  • 6 9.91%
  • 8 4.41%
  • 13 2.79%
  • 17 0.19%
  • 18 5.02%
  • 22 0.35%
Chromosome breakdown
Chr 20: 7.4%
  • 8 6.27%
  • 10 3.38%
  • 16 3.53%
  • 20 7.44%
Chromosome breakdown
Chr 20: 12.6%
  • 7 2.86%
  • 9 4.62%
  • 20 12.59%
Chromosome breakdown
Chr 11: 7.2%
  • 2 4.43%
  • 10 0.59%
  • 11 7.17%
  • 20 1.19%
  • 22 4.98%
Chromosome breakdown
Chr 7: 12.0%
  • 7 12.00%
  • 8 3.03%
  • 14 2.82%
  • 18 0.20%
  • 20 0.09%
Chromosome breakdown
Chr 3: 9.3%
  • 3 9.27%
  • 6 1.36%
  • 20 6.01%
Chromosome breakdown
Chr 11: 16.3%
  • 11 16.28%
Chromosome breakdown
Chr 21: 11.1%
  • 14 4.19%
  • 19 0.51%
  • 21 11.13%
Chromosome breakdown
Chr 1: 4.3%
  • 1 4.29%
  • 5 2.58%
  • 8 3.90%
  • 18 3.37%
Chromosome breakdown
Chr 12: 8.8%
  • 1 5.29%
  • 12 8.79%
Chromosome breakdown
Chr 1: 4.7%
  • 1 4.71%
  • 2 3.02%
  • 17 0.97%
  • 18 0.48%
  • 19 3.56%
  • 22 0.68%
Chromosome breakdown
Chr 10: 6.3%
  • 2 0.42%
  • 3 4.90%
  • 10 6.34%
  • 12 0.77%
  • 16 0.22%
Chromosome breakdown
Chr 13: 6.4%
  • 2 1.18%
  • 13 6.43%
  • 18 3.61%
Chromosome breakdown
Chr 5: 8.4%
  • 5 8.38%
  • 17 2.22%
  • 20 0.16%
Chromosome breakdown
Chr 16: 10.0%
  • 16 10.01%
Chromosome breakdown
Chr 9: 3.4%
  • 5 1.34%
  • 9 3.41%
  • 10 2.81%
Chromosome breakdown
Chr 18: 5.7%
  • 16 1.00%
  • 18 5.73%
  • 21 0.69%
Chromosome breakdown
Chr 9: 5.7%
  • 9 5.73%
  • 10 0.10%
  • 11 0.28%
Chromosome breakdown
Chr 20: 1.6%
  • 1 0.43%
  • 4 0.55%
  • 17 1.44%
  • 18 0.17%
  • 20 1.61%
Chromosome breakdown
Chr 1: 4.2%
  • 1 4.18%
Chromosome breakdown
Chr 1: 2.5%
  • 1 2.49%
  • 2 0.47%
Chromosome breakdown
Chr 12: 2.0%
  • 10 0.89%
  • 12 2.03%
Chromosome breakdown
Chr 1: 1.8%
  • 1 1.84%
Chromosome breakdown
Chr 13: 0.9%
  • 4 0.19%
  • 13 0.90%
No regions found

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Chromosome Heatmap 35 regions
0%
100%
Scroll horizontally to view all chromosomes
Region 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
Europe 11
French
69.0% 85.2% 72.5% 86.2% 78.0% 62.3% 66.8% 63.8% 57.0% 72.2% 50.5% 64.1% 70.6% 66.5% 79.1% 52.5% 77.5% 53.4% 85.3% 55.0% 48.2% 71.2%
Basque
- - 10.2% 0.4% - - - - - - 8.3% 10.9% - - 8.0% 12.9% - 5.3% - - 26.9% 9.5%
Greece And Balkan Peninsula
- 3.3% - - 5.7% 5.4% 1.1% 0.2% 3.8% - - - - 4.7% - 7.4% 4.2% 2.3% - - - -
Sardinian
- - - - - - - 0.7% 4.7% - - 1.5% - - - - - 11.3% 2.7% - 12.3% 2.1%
German
- - - - - - - - - 1.9% 4.7% - - - 12.8% 4.6% - 4.9% - - - -
Orcadian
- - - - - - - 6.3% - 3.4% - - - - - 3.5% - - - 7.4% - -
Scandinavian
- 4.4% - - - - - - - 0.6% 7.2% - - - - - - - - 1.2% - 5.0%
Iberian
- - - - - - - - - - 16.3% - - - - - - - - - - -
Italian
4.3% - - - 2.6% - - 3.9% - - - - - - - - - 3.4% - - - -
British And Irish
4.2% - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Finnish
1.8% - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Middle East Asian 3
Bedouin
3.9% - - 6.0% - 11.6% - 0.0% 15.1% - 8.1% - - 13.7% - 7.8% 13.5% 2.6% - - - -
Egyptian Levantine And Arabian
- - - - - - 11.5% - - 7.4% - - 4.4% - - - - - - 12.9% - 2.4%
Turkish Caucasian And Iranian
- - - - - - - - - 0.2% - 10.7% 14.9% 4.6% - - - - - 1.4% - -
Africa 7
Maghrebi
3.8% - 3.0% 5.3% 2.4% - - 10.4% 1.5% 4.2% - - - 3.5% - - - - - - - -
Pygmy And San Hunter Gatherer
- 2.0% - - 0.1% 8.4% - 0.7% - - - 1.2% - - - - - 1.4% 7.9% 1.6% 0.8% 8.8%
Kenyan And Ugandan
- - - 1.4% 1.5% 1.0% 5.7% 6.4% 4.1% - 4.7% - - - - - - - - - - -
West African (Nigerian And Ghanaian)
- - 9.3% - - 1.4% - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6.0% - -
West African (Sierra Leonean And Liberian)
- - - - - - - - - - - - - 4.2% - - - - 0.5% - 11.1% -
East African (Kenyan And Ugandan)
- - - - 8.4% - - - - - - - - - - - 2.2% - - 0.2% - -
West African (Gambian And Senegalese)
- - - - - - - - - 0.9% - 2.0% - - - - - - - - - -
South Asian 6
Central Asian
- - - - - - 2.9% - 4.6% - - - - - - - - - - 12.6% - -
Punjabi
- - - - - - 12.0% 3.0% - - - - - 2.8% - - - 0.2% - 0.1% - -
Pakistani And Afghan
5.3% - - - - - - - - - - 8.8% - - - - - - - - - -
Sri Lankan And Southern Indian
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10.0% - - - - - -
Gujarati Indian
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.0% - 5.7% - - 0.7% -
Bengali Bangladeshi And Northeast Indian
0.4% - - 0.6% - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.4% 0.2% - 1.6% - -
East Asian 6
Siberian Eskimo
- - - - - 9.9% - 4.4% - - - - 2.8% - - - 0.2% 5.0% - - - 0.4%
Dai Chinese And Indochinese
- 0.4% 4.9% - - - - - - 6.3% - 0.8% - - - 0.2% - - - - - -
Mongolian And North Chinese
- 1.2% - - - - - - - - - - 6.4% - - - - 3.6% - - - -
Japanese
- - - - - - - - 5.7% 0.1% 0.3% - - - - - - - - - - -
Eastern Siberian Native
2.5% 0.5% - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Han Chinese
- - - 0.2% - - - - - - - - 0.9% - - - - - - - - -
America 2
Native American (Central And South)
4.7% 3.0% - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.0% 0.5% 3.6% - - 0.7%
Native American (North)
- - - - 1.3% - - - 3.4% 2.8% - - - - - - - - - - - -
Europe French
Chr 1 69.0%
Chr 2 85.2%
Chr 3 72.5%
Chr 4 86.2%
Chr 5 78.0%
Chr 6 62.3%
Chr 7 66.8%
Chr 8 63.8%
Chr 9 57.0%
Chr 10 72.2%
Chr 11 50.5%
Chr 12 64.1%
Chr 13 70.6%
Chr 14 66.5%
Chr 15 79.1%
Chr 16 52.5%
Chr 17 77.5%
Chr 18 53.4%
Chr 19 85.3%
Chr 20 55.0%
Chr 21 48.2%
Chr 22 71.2%
Chr 1 -
Chr 2 -
Chr 3 10.2%
Chr 4 0.4%
Chr 5 -
Chr 6 -
Chr 7 -
Chr 8 -
Chr 9 -
Chr 10 -
Chr 11 8.3%
Chr 12 10.9%
Chr 13 -
Chr 14 -
Chr 15 8.0%
Chr 16 12.9%
Chr 17 -
Chr 18 5.3%
Chr 19 -
Chr 20 -
Chr 21 26.9%
Chr 22 9.5%
Chr 1 -
Chr 2 3.3%
Chr 3 -
Chr 4 -
Chr 5 5.7%
Chr 6 5.4%
Chr 7 1.1%
Chr 8 0.2%
Chr 9 3.8%
Chr 10 -
Chr 11 -
Chr 12 -
Chr 13 -
Chr 14 4.7%
Chr 15 -
Chr 16 7.4%
Chr 17 4.2%
Chr 18 2.3%
Chr 19 -
Chr 20 -
Chr 21 -
Chr 22 -
Chr 1 -
Chr 2 -
Chr 3 -
Chr 4 -
Chr 5 -
Chr 6 -
Chr 7 -
Chr 8 0.7%
Chr 9 4.7%
Chr 10 -
Chr 11 -
Chr 12 1.5%
Chr 13 -
Chr 14 -
Chr 15 -
Chr 16 -
Chr 17 -
Chr 18 11.3%
Chr 19 2.7%
Chr 20 -
Chr 21 12.3%
Chr 22 2.1%
Chr 1 -
Chr 2 -
Chr 3 -
Chr 4 -
Chr 5 -
Chr 6 -
Chr 7 -
Chr 8 -
Chr 9 -
Chr 10 1.9%
Chr 11 4.7%
Chr 12 -
Chr 13 -
Chr 14 -
Chr 15 12.8%
Chr 16 4.6%
Chr 17 -
Chr 18 4.9%
Chr 19 -
Chr 20 -
Chr 21 -
Chr 22 -
Chr 1 -
Chr 2 -
Chr 3 -
Chr 4 -
Chr 5 -
Chr 6 -
Chr 7 -
Chr 8 6.3%
Chr 9 -
Chr 10 3.4%
Chr 11 -
Chr 12 -
Chr 13 -
Chr 14 -
Chr 15 -
Chr 16 3.5%
Chr 17 -
Chr 18 -
Chr 19 -
Chr 20 7.4%
Chr 21 -
Chr 22 -
Chr 1 -
Chr 2 4.4%
Chr 3 -
Chr 4 -
Chr 5 -
Chr 6 -
Chr 7 -
Chr 8 -
Chr 9 -
Chr 10 0.6%
Chr 11 7.2%
Chr 12 -
Chr 13 -
Chr 14 -
Chr 15 -
Chr 16 -
Chr 17 -
Chr 18 -
Chr 19 -
Chr 20 1.2%
Chr 21 -
Chr 22 5.0%
Chr 1 -
Chr 2 -
Chr 3 -
Chr 4 -
Chr 5 -
Chr 6 -
Chr 7 -
Chr 8 -
Chr 9 -
Chr 10 -
Chr 11 16.3%
Chr 12 -
Chr 13 -
Chr 14 -
Chr 15 -
Chr 16 -
Chr 17 -
Chr 18 -
Chr 19 -
Chr 20 -
Chr 21 -
Chr 22 -
Chr 1 4.3%
Chr 2 -
Chr 3 -
Chr 4 -
Chr 5 2.6%
Chr 6 -
Chr 7 -
Chr 8 3.9%
Chr 9 -
Chr 10 -
Chr 11 -
Chr 12 -
Chr 13 -
Chr 14 -
Chr 15 -
Chr 16 -
Chr 17 -
Chr 18 3.4%
Chr 19 -
Chr 20 -
Chr 21 -
Chr 22 -
Chr 1 4.2%
Chr 2 -
Chr 3 -
Chr 4 -
Chr 5 -
Chr 6 -
Chr 7 -
Chr 8 -
Chr 9 -
Chr 10 -
Chr 11 -
Chr 12 -
Chr 13 -
Chr 14 -
Chr 15 -
Chr 16 -
Chr 17 -
Chr 18 -
Chr 19 -
Chr 20 -
Chr 21 -
Chr 22 -
Chr 1 1.8%
Chr 2 -
Chr 3 -
Chr 4 -
Chr 5 -
Chr 6 -
Chr 7 -
Chr 8 -
Chr 9 -
Chr 10 -
Chr 11 -
Chr 12 -
Chr 13 -
Chr 14 -
Chr 15 -
Chr 16 -
Chr 17 -
Chr 18 -
Chr 19 -
Chr 20 -
Chr 21 -
Chr 22 -
Chr 1 3.9%
Chr 2 -
Chr 3 -
Chr 4 6.0%
Chr 5 -
Chr 6 11.6%
Chr 7 -
Chr 8 0.0%
Chr 9 15.1%
Chr 10 -
Chr 11 8.1%
Chr 12 -
Chr 13 -
Chr 14 13.7%
Chr 15 -
Chr 16 7.8%
Chr 17 13.5%
Chr 18 2.6%
Chr 19 -
Chr 20 -
Chr 21 -
Chr 22 -
Chr 1 -
Chr 2 -
Chr 3 -
Chr 4 -
Chr 5 -
Chr 6 -
Chr 7 11.5%
Chr 8 -
Chr 9 -
Chr 10 7.4%
Chr 11 -
Chr 12 -
Chr 13 4.4%
Chr 14 -
Chr 15 -
Chr 16 -
Chr 17 -
Chr 18 -
Chr 19 -
Chr 20 12.9%
Chr 21 -
Chr 22 2.4%
Chr 1 -
Chr 2 -
Chr 3 -
Chr 4 -
Chr 5 -
Chr 6 -
Chr 7 -
Chr 8 -
Chr 9 -
Chr 10 0.2%
Chr 11 -
Chr 12 10.7%
Chr 13 14.9%
Chr 14 4.6%
Chr 15 -
Chr 16 -
Chr 17 -
Chr 18 -
Chr 19 -
Chr 20 1.4%
Chr 21 -
Chr 22 -
Chr 1 3.8%
Chr 2 -
Chr 3 3.0%
Chr 4 5.3%
Chr 5 2.4%
Chr 6 -
Chr 7 -
Chr 8 10.4%
Chr 9 1.5%
Chr 10 4.2%
Chr 11 -
Chr 12 -
Chr 13 -
Chr 14 3.5%
Chr 15 -
Chr 16 -
Chr 17 -
Chr 18 -
Chr 19 -
Chr 20 -
Chr 21 -
Chr 22 -
Chr 1 -
Chr 2 2.0%
Chr 3 -
Chr 4 -
Chr 5 0.1%
Chr 6 8.4%
Chr 7 -
Chr 8 0.7%
Chr 9 -
Chr 10 -
Chr 11 -
Chr 12 1.2%
Chr 13 -
Chr 14 -
Chr 15 -
Chr 16 -
Chr 17 -
Chr 18 1.4%
Chr 19 7.9%
Chr 20 1.6%
Chr 21 0.8%
Chr 22 8.8%
Chr 1 -
Chr 2 -
Chr 3 -
Chr 4 1.4%
Chr 5 1.5%
Chr 6 1.0%
Chr 7 5.7%
Chr 8 6.4%
Chr 9 4.1%
Chr 10 -
Chr 11 4.7%
Chr 12 -
Chr 13 -
Chr 14 -
Chr 15 -
Chr 16 -
Chr 17 -
Chr 18 -
Chr 19 -
Chr 20 -
Chr 21 -
Chr 22 -
Chr 1 -
Chr 2 -
Chr 3 9.3%
Chr 4 -
Chr 5 -
Chr 6 1.4%
Chr 7 -
Chr 8 -
Chr 9 -
Chr 10 -
Chr 11 -
Chr 12 -
Chr 13 -
Chr 14 -
Chr 15 -
Chr 16 -
Chr 17 -
Chr 18 -
Chr 19 -
Chr 20 6.0%
Chr 21 -
Chr 22 -
Chr 1 -
Chr 2 -
Chr 3 -
Chr 4 -
Chr 5 -
Chr 6 -
Chr 7 -
Chr 8 -
Chr 9 -
Chr 10 -
Chr 11 -
Chr 12 -
Chr 13 -
Chr 14 4.2%
Chr 15 -
Chr 16 -
Chr 17 -
Chr 18 -
Chr 19 0.5%
Chr 20 -
Chr 21 11.1%
Chr 22 -
Chr 1 -
Chr 2 -
Chr 3 -
Chr 4 -
Chr 5 8.4%
Chr 6 -
Chr 7 -
Chr 8 -
Chr 9 -
Chr 10 -
Chr 11 -
Chr 12 -
Chr 13 -
Chr 14 -
Chr 15 -
Chr 16 -
Chr 17 2.2%
Chr 18 -
Chr 19 -
Chr 20 0.2%
Chr 21 -
Chr 22 -
Chr 1 -
Chr 2 -
Chr 3 -
Chr 4 -
Chr 5 -
Chr 6 -
Chr 7 -
Chr 8 -
Chr 9 -
Chr 10 0.9%
Chr 11 -
Chr 12 2.0%
Chr 13 -
Chr 14 -
Chr 15 -
Chr 16 -
Chr 17 -
Chr 18 -
Chr 19 -
Chr 20 -
Chr 21 -
Chr 22 -
Chr 1 -
Chr 2 -
Chr 3 -
Chr 4 -
Chr 5 -
Chr 6 -
Chr 7 2.9%
Chr 8 -
Chr 9 4.6%
Chr 10 -
Chr 11 -
Chr 12 -
Chr 13 -
Chr 14 -
Chr 15 -
Chr 16 -
Chr 17 -
Chr 18 -
Chr 19 -
Chr 20 12.6%
Chr 21 -
Chr 22 -
Chr 1 -
Chr 2 -
Chr 3 -
Chr 4 -
Chr 5 -
Chr 6 -
Chr 7 12.0%
Chr 8 3.0%
Chr 9 -
Chr 10 -
Chr 11 -
Chr 12 -
Chr 13 -
Chr 14 2.8%
Chr 15 -
Chr 16 -
Chr 17 -
Chr 18 0.2%
Chr 19 -
Chr 20 0.1%
Chr 21 -
Chr 22 -
Chr 1 5.3%
Chr 2 -
Chr 3 -
Chr 4 -
Chr 5 -
Chr 6 -
Chr 7 -
Chr 8 -
Chr 9 -
Chr 10 -
Chr 11 -
Chr 12 8.8%
Chr 13 -
Chr 14 -
Chr 15 -
Chr 16 -
Chr 17 -
Chr 18 -
Chr 19 -
Chr 20 -
Chr 21 -
Chr 22 -
Chr 1 -
Chr 2 -
Chr 3 -
Chr 4 -
Chr 5 -
Chr 6 -
Chr 7 -
Chr 8 -
Chr 9 -
Chr 10 -
Chr 11 -
Chr 12 -
Chr 13 -
Chr 14 -
Chr 15 -
Chr 16 10.0%
Chr 17 -
Chr 18 -
Chr 19 -
Chr 20 -
Chr 21 -
Chr 22 -
Chr 1 -
Chr 2 -
Chr 3 -
Chr 4 -
Chr 5 -
Chr 6 -
Chr 7 -
Chr 8 -
Chr 9 -
Chr 10 -
Chr 11 -
Chr 12 -
Chr 13 -
Chr 14 -
Chr 15 -
Chr 16 1.0%
Chr 17 -
Chr 18 5.7%
Chr 19 -
Chr 20 -
Chr 21 0.7%
Chr 22 -
Chr 1 0.4%
Chr 2 -
Chr 3 -
Chr 4 0.6%
Chr 5 -
Chr 6 -
Chr 7 -
Chr 8 -
Chr 9 -
Chr 10 -
Chr 11 -
Chr 12 -
Chr 13 -
Chr 14 -
Chr 15 -
Chr 16 -
Chr 17 1.4%
Chr 18 0.2%
Chr 19 -
Chr 20 1.6%
Chr 21 -
Chr 22 -
Chr 1 -
Chr 2 -
Chr 3 -
Chr 4 -
Chr 5 -
Chr 6 9.9%
Chr 7 -
Chr 8 4.4%
Chr 9 -
Chr 10 -
Chr 11 -
Chr 12 -
Chr 13 2.8%
Chr 14 -
Chr 15 -
Chr 16 -
Chr 17 0.2%
Chr 18 5.0%
Chr 19 -
Chr 20 -
Chr 21 -
Chr 22 0.4%
Chr 1 -
Chr 2 0.4%
Chr 3 4.9%
Chr 4 -
Chr 5 -
Chr 6 -
Chr 7 -
Chr 8 -
Chr 9 -
Chr 10 6.3%
Chr 11 -
Chr 12 0.8%
Chr 13 -
Chr 14 -
Chr 15 -
Chr 16 0.2%
Chr 17 -
Chr 18 -
Chr 19 -
Chr 20 -
Chr 21 -
Chr 22 -
Chr 1 -
Chr 2 1.2%
Chr 3 -
Chr 4 -
Chr 5 -
Chr 6 -
Chr 7 -
Chr 8 -
Chr 9 -
Chr 10 -
Chr 11 -
Chr 12 -
Chr 13 6.4%
Chr 14 -
Chr 15 -
Chr 16 -
Chr 17 -
Chr 18 3.6%
Chr 19 -
Chr 20 -
Chr 21 -
Chr 22 -
Chr 1 -
Chr 2 -
Chr 3 -
Chr 4 -
Chr 5 -
Chr 6 -
Chr 7 -
Chr 8 -
Chr 9 5.7%
Chr 10 0.1%
Chr 11 0.3%
Chr 12 -
Chr 13 -
Chr 14 -
Chr 15 -
Chr 16 -
Chr 17 -
Chr 18 -
Chr 19 -
Chr 20 -
Chr 21 -
Chr 22 -
Chr 1 2.5%
Chr 2 0.5%
Chr 3 -
Chr 4 -
Chr 5 -
Chr 6 -
Chr 7 -
Chr 8 -
Chr 9 -
Chr 10 -
Chr 11 -
Chr 12 -
Chr 13 -
Chr 14 -
Chr 15 -
Chr 16 -
Chr 17 -
Chr 18 -
Chr 19 -
Chr 20 -
Chr 21 -
Chr 22 -
Chr 1 -
Chr 2 -
Chr 3 -
Chr 4 0.2%
Chr 5 -
Chr 6 -
Chr 7 -
Chr 8 -
Chr 9 -
Chr 10 -
Chr 11 -
Chr 12 -
Chr 13 0.9%
Chr 14 -
Chr 15 -
Chr 16 -
Chr 17 -
Chr 18 -
Chr 19 -
Chr 20 -
Chr 21 -
Chr 22 -
Chr 1 4.7%
Chr 2 3.0%
Chr 3 -
Chr 4 -
Chr 5 -
Chr 6 -
Chr 7 -
Chr 8 -
Chr 9 -
Chr 10 -
Chr 11 -
Chr 12 -
Chr 13 -
Chr 14 -
Chr 15 -
Chr 16 -
Chr 17 1.0%
Chr 18 0.5%
Chr 19 3.6%
Chr 20 -
Chr 21 -
Chr 22 0.7%
Chr 1 -
Chr 2 -
Chr 3 -
Chr 4 -
Chr 5 1.3%
Chr 6 -
Chr 7 -
Chr 8 -
Chr 9 3.4%
Chr 10 2.8%
Chr 11 -
Chr 12 -
Chr 13 -
Chr 14 -
Chr 15 -
Chr 16 -
Chr 17 -
Chr 18 -
Chr 19 -
Chr 20 -
Chr 21 -
Chr 22 -
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Reference

Reference Panel

Populations used in this analysis

West African (Sierra Leonean and Liberian)

#1
West African Coastal +2 more

Modern coastal West African populations centered in Sierra Leone and Liberia characterized by high genetic diversity and deep regional continuity. These groups show signatures of Atlantic coast Bantu expansions, local hunter-gatherer admixture, and historical interactions with Sahelian and Central African lineages. They are commonly used as references for West African ancestry in global analyses.

West African Coastal Bantu-associated High diversity
Related Regions:
  • Sierra Leone
  • Liberia
  • Atlantic West Africa

East African (Kenyan and Ugandan)

#2
East African Nilotic +2 more

Populations from Kenya and Uganda that capture a mixture of Nilotic, Bantu, Cushitic, and Afro-Asiatic ancestries shaped by pastoralism and agricultural expansions. Genetic profiles often reflect recent gene flow across the Rift Valley, adaptations to local pathogens and diets, and varying proportions of ancient East African hunter-gatherer components. They serve as key references for East African genomic diversity and recent demographic events.

East African Nilotic Bantu admixture Pastoralist
Related Regions:
  • Kenya
  • Uganda
  • Great Lakes region

Maghrebi

#3
North African Berber +2 more

North African populations primarily from Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya, characterized by a blend of indigenous Berber (Amazigh) ancestry, Near Eastern gene flow, and Mediterranean European admixture. Maghrebi genetic signatures include autochthonous North African components linked to ancient Saharan and Iberomaurusian lineages as well as later Arab and Mediterranean influences. They are important for studies of trans-Mediterranean and trans-Saharan population history.

North African Berber Mediterranean Arab admixture
Related Regions:
  • Morocco
  • Algeria
  • Tunisia
  • Libya

Pygmy and San hunter-gatherer

#4
Hunter-gatherer Ancient lineages +2 more

Indigenous hunter-gatherer groups of Central and Southern Africa, including Pygmy populations of the Congo Basin and San (Khoisan) peoples of southern Africa, notable for deep genetic lineages and long-term continuity. These populations harbor some of the earliest diverging human haplotypes and unique adaptations to foraging lifestyles, making them crucial for reconstructing early modern human population structure. Their genomes often show admixture with neighboring agriculturalist groups while retaining ancient ancestral components.

Hunter-gatherer Ancient lineages Khoisan Pygmy
Related Regions:
  • Congo Basin
  • Southern Africa
  • Kalahari region

West African (Gambian and Senegalese)

#5
West African Senegambia +2 more

Populations from The Gambia and Senegal along the far western edge of Africa, reflecting a history of coastal trade, agricultural expansions, and interactions among Mandé, Wolof, and Fula-speaking groups. Genetic profiles commonly show dominant West African hunter-gatherer and Bantu-related ancestry components, with regional variation due to historic trans-Saharan and Atlantic contacts. These groups are often used to represent Senegambian ancestry in global datasets.

West African Senegambia Mandé Coastal
Related Regions:
  • The Gambia
  • Senegal
  • Senegambian coast

West African (Nigerian and Ghanaian)

#6
West African Niger-Congo +2 more

Diverse populations from Nigeria and Ghana that capture major West African genetic variation, including contributions from Niger-Congo speaking agriculturalists and localized hunter-gatherer ancestries. These populations reflect complex demographic processes such as Bantu and non-Bantu expansions, regional trade networks, and recent urbanization. They are frequently used as reference points for Afro-Atlantic ancestry and African diaspora studies.

West African Niger-Congo Akan Yoruba-related
Related Regions:
  • Nigeria
  • Ghana
  • Gulf of Guinea

Native American (Central and South)

#7
Native American Andean +2 more

Indigenous populations across Central and South America encompassing diverse Andean, Amazonian, and Mesoamerican lineages shaped by ancient migrations from Beringia and subsequent regional differentiation. These groups display pronounced genetic structure correlated with geography, long-term isolation in some regions, and post-contact demographic bottlenecks. They provide essential insight into pre-Columbian population structure and continental-scale migration patterns.

Native American Andean Amazonian Pre-Columbian
Related Regions:
  • Andes
  • Amazon Basin
  • Mesoamerica
  • Central America

Native American (North)

#8
Native American Northern +2 more

Indigenous populations of North America, including subarctic, plains, and eastern woodlands groups, characterized by diverse regional ancestries derived from early post-glacial migrations. These populations often show genetic affinities to Siberian sources with subsequent isolation and local differentiation; many also experienced severe demographic impacts after European contact. They are key references for studies of Holocene migrations and regional population continuity in North America.

Native American Northern Holocene migration Siberian affinity
Related Regions:
  • North America
  • Subarctic
  • Great Plains
  • Eastern Woodlands

Dai Chinese and Indochinese

#9
Southeast Asian Tai-Kadai +2 more

Populations from southern China (Dai and related Tai-Kadai groups) and mainland Southeast Asia, reflecting admixture between East Asian agriculturalist migrants and indigenous hunter-gatherer lineages. Their genomes commonly show connections to Austroasiatic, Tai-Kadai, and Austronesian expansions as well as regional Southeast Asian diversity. They are informative for studying the peopling and language-driven migrations of Southeast Asia.

Southeast Asian Tai-Kadai Austroasiatic Dai
Related Regions:
  • Yunnan (China)
  • Northern Thailand
  • Laos
  • Indochina

Eastern Siberian Native

#10
Siberian Beringian +2 more

Indigenous groups from eastern Siberia with genetic links to early Beringian populations and modern Native American ancestors, often adapted to cold, subarctic environments. These populations show distinct East Eurasian lineages, some continuity with Paleolithic inhabitants, and complex admixture with neighboring East Asian groups. They are central to reconstructing migrations across northeastern Asia and into the Americas.

Siberian Beringian Subarctic Ancient continuity
Related Regions:
  • Northeastern Siberia
  • Chukotka
  • Kamchatka

Han Chinese

#11
East Asian Han +2 more

The predominant ethnic group across much of eastern China, showing relatively homogeneous East Asian genetic structure with north–south clines and regional substructure. Han Chinese genetic patterns reflect Neolithic agricultural expansions, local hunter-gatherer assimilation, and millennia of internal migrations and cultural diffusion. They serve as a primary reference for East Asian ancestry in global panels.

East Asian Han Agricultural expansion North-South cline
Related Regions:
  • Eastern China
  • Central China
  • Yangtze and Yellow River basins

Japanese

#12
East Asian Island +2 more

Populations of the Japanese archipelago combining Jomon hunter-gatherer heritage with later Yayoi agriculturalist and continental East Asian influences. Genetic studies reveal regional gradients (e.g., Ryukyuan, mainland) and signatures of maritime introductions as well as isolation events. Japanese genomes are important for understanding island demography, migration waves from the continent, and adaptation to local diets.

East Asian Island Jomon Yayoi
Related Regions:
  • Honshu
  • Kyushu
  • Ryukyu Islands

Mongolian and North Chinese

#13
Steppe Northern East Asian +2 more

Populations spanning Mongolia and northern China marked by strong East Eurasian steppe and northern East Asian ancestry, with histories shaped by pastoralism, steppe migrations, and north–south admixture. These groups often show genetic continuity with historic nomadic populations and contributions to inner Asian genetic landscapes. They are informative about steppe-driven admixture events affecting Eurasia.

Steppe Northern East Asian Pastoralist Mongolic
Related Regions:
  • Mongolia
  • Inner Mongolia (China)
  • Northern China

Siberian Eskimo

#14
Arctic Inuit-related +2 more

Indigenous Arctic populations (often called Eskimo or Inuit-related) of Siberia with genetic links to circumpolar peoples and strong adaptation to marine and cold environments. Their ancestry reflects a combination of Paleoeskimo, Neo-Eskimo, and Siberian lineages with affinities to Native American Arctic groups. They provide key perspectives on late Holocene Arctic migrations and subsistence adaptations.

Arctic Inuit-related Paleo- and Neo-Eskimo Maritime adaptation
Related Regions:
  • Chukotka
  • Arctic Siberia
  • Bering Strait region

Basque

#15
Basque Iberian +2 more

A distinct population from the Basque Country (northeastern Spain and southwestern France) with unique cultural and linguistic heritage and partial genetic differentiation from neighboring Iberian groups. Basque genomes show elevated local continuity dating to pre-Neolithic and Neolithic periods, reduced recent admixture in some studies, and specific mitochondrial/Y-chromosome signals. They are frequently analyzed in studies of European population structure and language-prehistory correlations.

Basque Iberian Unique linguistic group Pre-Neolithic continuity
Related Regions:
  • Basque Country
  • Navarre
  • Northern Iberia

British and Irish

#16
Northwest European Insular +2 more

Populations from Great Britain and Ireland reflecting a mix of Neolithic farmer ancestry, Bronze Age steppe influx, and subsequent regional substructure shaped by migrations and insular isolation. Genetic patterns reveal west–east and north–south gradients, island-specific founder effects, and historical admixture from continental Europe. These groups are widely used as references for Northwest European ancestry.

Northwest European Insular Steppe admixture Founder effects
Related Regions:
  • Great Britain
  • Ireland
  • British Isles

Eastern European

#17
Eastern European Slavic +2 more

Populations across Eastern Europe showing a complex mosaic of Slavic, Baltic, Finno-Ugric, and steppe-derived ancestries resulting from repeated migrations and local continuity. Genetic variation captures Neolithic farmer contributions, Bronze Age steppe expansions, and later Slavic/medieval demographic shifts. This cluster is useful for dissecting continental European population history and east–west clines.

Eastern European Slavic Steppe-derived Continental
Related Regions:
  • Poland
  • Ukraine
  • Belarus
  • Baltic states

Finnish

#18
Finno-Ugric Isolated +2 more

Populations from Finland characterized by genetic drift, founder effects, and partial Siberian/Finno-Ugric affinities that distinguish them from other northern Europeans. Finnish genetic landscape includes signatures of isolation and bottlenecks plus admixture from eastern Eurasian sources in varying degrees. They are frequently used to study isolation-driven genetic structure and disease-associated alleles in Europe.

Finno-Ugric Isolated Founder effect Northern Europe
Related Regions:
  • Finland
  • Fennoscandia
  • Northern Europe

French

#19
Western European Romance +2 more

Populations from France reflecting a mixture of Neolithic farmers, Bronze Age steppe ancestry, and regional heterogeneity from Mediterranean to Atlantic zones. French genetic structure shows clines associated with geography, historical migrations (e.g., Celtic, Roman, Germanic), and localized subpopulations such as Basque-adjacent and southern Mediterranean-influenced groups. They are central to studies of Western European population dynamics.

Western European Romance Celtic influence Regional clines
Related Regions:
  • France
  • Western Europe
  • Gallo-Roman regions

German

#20
Central European Germanic +2 more

Populations from Germany representing central European genetic diversity shaped by Neolithic farming, Bronze Age steppe influx, and medieval migrations. German genetic variation often bridges western and eastern European ancestries and includes regional differentiation influenced by historical population movements. These samples help map central European population structure and admixture histories.

Central European Germanic Steppe admixture Regional structure
Related Regions:
  • Germany
  • Central Europe
  • Rhine region

Greece and Balkan Peninsula

#21
Balkan Mediterranean +2 more

Populations from Greece and the broader Balkans exhibiting high genetic heterogeneity influenced by ancient Mediterranean civilizations, Slavic migrations, and Ottoman-era admixture. This region preserves deep Neolithic and Bronze Age signatures as well as classical-era and post-classical gene flow from surrounding regions. They are key to understanding eastern Mediterranean population continuity and crossroad dynamics between Europe and Asia.

Balkan Mediterranean Ancient continuity Admixture hotspot
Related Regions:
  • Greece
  • Balkans
  • Aegean region

Iberian

#22
Iberian Mediterranean +2 more

Populations from the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal) characterized by a blend of pre-Neolithic, Neolithic, and later Mediterranean and Atlantic influences. Iberian genomes show regional heterogeneity, including north–south clines and localized Basque/Atlantic signals, reflecting millennia of Iberian-specific demographic events and external contacts. They are essential for studies of European maritime and Mediterranean population history.

Iberian Mediterranean Atlantic Europe Regional heterogeneity
Related Regions:
  • Spain
  • Portugal
  • Iberian Peninsula

Italian

#23
Italian Mediterranean +2 more

Populations from Italy displaying strong north–south genetic gradients, with northern populations showing more central European affinities and southern populations reflecting greater Mediterranean and Near Eastern influences. Italy's long history as a cultural and genetic crossroads yields considerable substructure tied to prehistoric migrations, Roman-era movements, and later Mediterranean exchanges. Italian reference profiles are informative for Mediterranean and European comparative studies.

Italian Mediterranean North-South cline Ancient admixture
Related Regions:
  • Northern Italy
  • Southern Italy
  • Sardinia

Orcadian

#24
Insular Orkney +2 more

Populations from the Orkney Islands off northern Scotland with measurable genetic drift and unique insular ancestry due to relative isolation and founder events. Orcadian genomes often reflect Norse/Viking admixture layered on broadly British Isles ancestry, producing a distinctive genetic signature within Northwest Europe. They are useful for studying island-specific demographic history and localized founder effects.

Insular Orkney Founder effect Norse influence
Related Regions:
  • Orkney Islands
  • Northern Scotland
  • North Atlantic islands

Sardinian

#25
Island Neolithic continuity +2 more

Isolated island populations from Sardinia notable for high levels of genetic continuity with early Neolithic farmers and reduced impact from later continental migrations. Sardinians have been instrumental in reconstructing European Neolithic ancestry due to their relative genetic distinctiveness and preserved archaic components. They are frequently used as proxies for early farming-related ancestry in Europe.

Island Neolithic continuity Isolated Mediterranean
Related Regions:
  • Sardinia
  • Western Mediterranean
  • Tyrrhenian Sea

Scandinavian

#26
Scandinavian Viking-era +2 more

Populations from Sweden, Norway, and Denmark with genetic signatures shaped by Mesolithic hunter-gatherers, Neolithic farmers, and Bronze Age steppe migrations, as well as later Viking-era mobility. Scandinavian genomes show north–south and coastal–inland gradients and contain both continental European and unique northern components. They are key for studying northern European adaptation and migration histories.

Scandinavian Viking-era Northern Europe Steppe admixture
Related Regions:
  • Sweden
  • Norway
  • Denmark
  • Scandinavia

Bedouin

#27
Arabian Nomadic +2 more

Traditionally nomadic Arab populations of the Arabian Peninsula and surrounding deserts, exhibiting genetic continuity with Arabian Peninsula lineages and varying degrees of Near Eastern and North African admixture. Bedouin genomes often retain signals of founder effects, patrilineal clustering, and adaptations to arid environments. They are informative for studies of Arabian demography, tribal structure, and historical migrations across the Near East and North Africa.

Arabian Nomadic Near Eastern Tribal structure
Related Regions:
  • Arabian Peninsula
  • Sinai
  • Levantine deserts

Egyptian, Levantine and Arabian

#28
Near Eastern Levantine +2 more

Populations spanning Egypt, the Levant, and the Arabian Peninsula reflecting long-term interaction among North African, Near Eastern, and Arabian gene pools. Genetic signatures show continuity with ancient Near Eastern farmers, Nile Valley inhabitants, and later Arabian and Mediterranean admixture, making the region a major crossroads between Africa, Asia, and Europe. These groups are central to reconstructing Holocene migrations and cultural exchanges in the eastern Mediterranean and Near East.

Near Eastern Levantine Egyptian Crossroads
Related Regions:
  • Egypt
  • Levant
  • Arabian Peninsula

Turkish, Caucasian and Iranian

#29
Anatolian Caucasus +2 more

Populations from Anatolia, the Caucasus, and Iran that capture a complex blend of Anatolian farmer continuity, Caucasus-specific lineages, Iranian plateau ancestries, and steppe-mediated gene flow. Regional genetic heterogeneity reflects ancient east–west interactions, Silk Road connectivity, and mountainous isolation producing local differentiation. These groups are valuable for tracing interactions between Europe, West Asia, and Central Asia over millennia.

Anatolian Caucasus Iranian plateau Silk Road
Related Regions:
  • Turkey
  • Caucasus
  • Iran
  • Anatolia

Bengali, Bangladeshi and Northeast Indian

#30
South Asian Bengali +2 more

Populations from Bangladesh, Bengal-region India, and adjacent Northeast Indian groups reflecting admixture between South Asian agriculturalists, East Asian-related groups, and indigenous South Asian hunter-gatherer components. These populations show strong regional structure tied to riverine plains, deltas, and hill regions and have experienced complex demographic events including migrations and trade-mediated gene flow. They are important references for South Asian and eastern trans-Himalayan ancestry components.

South Asian Bengali Bangladeshi East Asian admixture
Related Regions:
  • Bangladesh
  • Bengal (India)
  • Northeast India

Central Asian

#31
Central Asian Steppe +2 more

Populations across Central Asia characterized by a tapestry of West Eurasian, East Eurasian, and indigenous Central Asian ancestries shaped by steppe nomadic expansions, Silk Road connectivity, and sedentary urban centers. Genetic profiles often show varying proportions of Iranian-related, Turkic, and Mongolic components alongside ancient Siberian influences. They are crucial for understanding east–west gene flow across Eurasia and historic nomadic demography.

Central Asian Steppe Turko-Mongolic Silk Road
Related Regions:
  • Kazakhstan
  • Uzbekistan
  • Kyrgyzstan
  • Turkistan

Gujarati Indian

#32
South Asian Gujarati +2 more

Populations from the Gujarati-speaking region of western India characterized by South Asian ancestral components including ancient Indus-related, Ancestral North and South Indian contributions, and historical admixture via maritime trade. Gujarati groups show genetic diversity driven by caste, trade networks, and migration to/from western Asia, East Africa, and Europe. They serve as important references for western South Asian genetic structure and diasporic studies.

South Asian Gujarati Indus-related Diaspora
Related Regions:
  • Gujarat (India)
  • Western India
  • Gulf trade routes

Pakistani and Afghan

#33
South-Central Asian Indo-Iranian +2 more

Populations from Pakistan and Afghanistan that reflect a mixture of South Asian, Iranian plateau, and Central Asian ancestries shaped by ancient Indus Valley, Persian, Turkic, and steppe influences. Regional heterogeneity is pronounced due to mountainous barriers, historic migrations (e.g., Indo-Iranian, Turkic), and sustained trade along strategic corridors. These groups are essential for reconstructing South-Central Asian population interactions and admixture events.

South-Central Asian Indo-Iranian Turkic influence Mountainous
Related Regions:
  • Pakistan
  • Afghanistan
  • Khyber corridor
  • Indus Basin

Punjabi

#34
Punjabi Northwest South Asia +2 more

Populations from the Punjab region of India and Pakistan marking a genetic crossroads with contributions from South Asian farmer, steppe, and Central Asian lineages. Punjabi groups display regional structure tied to riverine plains, historic migrations (Indo-Aryan and later movements), and sociocultural stratification. They are widely used to represent northwestern South Asian ancestry in genetic studies.

Punjabi Northwest South Asia Indo-Aryan Riverine
Related Regions:
  • Punjab (India)
  • Punjab (Pakistan)
  • Indus-Gangetic plains

Sri Lankan and Southern Indian

#35
South Asian Dravidian +2 more

Populations from Sri Lanka and southern India exhibiting deep South Asian ancestry with varying mixes of indigenous hunter-gatherer components, Dravidian-associated ancestry, and contacts with maritime traders from the Indian Ocean. Regional genetic structure reflects island isolation, coastal exchange networks, and cultural diversity between Tamil, Sinhalese, and other southern groups. They are informative for studies of southern peninsular continuity and Indian Ocean population dynamics.

South Asian Dravidian Island Maritime exchange
Related Regions:
  • Sri Lanka
  • Tamil Nadu (India)
  • Southern India
  • Indian Ocean
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