Global Ancestry K9

Populations from coastal and inland West Africa — including regions like Nigeria, Ghana, and Ivory Coast — form one of the most genetically diverse human groups. They are often associated with Niger-Congo language families and long histories of farming, trade and complex societies. West African groups have contributed major ancestry components to the African diaspora and show signatures of local adaptation to tropical environments.

This category covers diverse mainland and island populations across Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia and surrounding areas, reflecting complex histories of migration and cultural exchange. Genetic profiles reflect admixture between Austroasiatic, Austronesian, Sino-Tibetan and other groups, shaped by agriculture, maritime trade and local hunter-gatherer ancestries. The region shows substantial linguistic and biological diversity across islands and riverine plains.

Populations from the Indian subcontinent — including India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka — display deep and complex population structure shaped by millennia of migrations, caste and language diversification. Genetic signatures reflect mixtures of indigenous South Asian lineages with West Eurasian, East Asian and Steppe-related influences, tied to agricultural expansions and trade networks. The region is notable for strong regional differentiation and rich linguistic families such as Indo-Aryan and Dravidian.

Encompasses the island peoples of Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia — such as Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Samoa — who share Oceanic cultural and linguistic traditions alongside distinct local ancestries. Genetic profiles often reflect Austronesian expansion layered over older Papuan and Near Oceanic hunter-gatherer lineages, with variation tied to island isolation and seafaring history. These populations preserve unique adaptations to island ecologies and long-distance voyaging heritage.

Broadly includes populations from Western, Eastern, Northern and Southern Europe that share parts of their history through migrations, agriculture and language families such as Indo-European. Modern European genetic landscapes reflect mixtures of Paleolithic hunter-gatherers, Neolithic farmers from the Near East and later Steppe-related pastoralists, resulting in regional clines and structure. Cultural, linguistic and climatic diversity across peninsulas and plains has shaped distinct local genetic signatures.

Indigenous Central African hunter-gatherer groups traditionally labeled as Pygmy inhabit the Congo Basin and adjacent forests, maintaining mobile, forest-adapted lifeways. They possess distinctive genetic lineages that reflect ancient divergence from neighboring agricultural populations and long-term adaptation to rainforest environments. These communities are important for understanding deep human diversity and the impacts of later agricultural expansions in Africa.