Exclusive Admixture / Reference model

Global Ancestry K40

Statistical genetic similarity to this calculator's reference populations. Read the modeled weights with the panel's context.

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Selected sampleDEMO REPORT

Largest componentIberian Peninsula 34.4% of this model

Model components14positive contributions

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Model results

Population composition

Read the exact modeled percentages beside reference geography and its limitations.

Reference contributions

Iberian Peninsula Primary region 34.4%

Scandinavia 19.2%

Persia 12.4%

South Central Asia 7.0%

Horn Of Africa 6.0%

Sardinia 5.6%

Exact model percentages appear on the right; bars are relative to the largest displayed contribution. Rounding can affect the total. Components below 5% are grouped under "Other".

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Regions

Reference regions

Click any region to explore detailed information

Iberian Peninsula

34.4%

This region represents 34.4% of this reference model.

Scandinavia

19.2%

This region represents 19.2% of this reference model.

Persia

12.4%

This region represents 12.4% of this reference model.

South Central Asia

7.0%

This region represents 7.0% of this reference model.

Horn Of Africa

6.0%

This region represents 6.0% of this reference model.

Sardinia

5.6%

This region represents 5.6% of this reference model.

Smaller reference components

Small modeled weights depend on the reference panel and do not establish distant ancestry or family connections.

Africans Hunther Gatherers 3.80%

Greece And Albania 3.40%

North Central Asia 3.20%

Finland 2.20%

Mainland South East Asia 1.80%

Caucasus 0.60%

Basque 0.20%

Oceania 0.20%

Supporting analysis

Chromosome Admixture Analysis

Inspect chromosome-level contributions within this reference model.

Exclusive Feature

By Chromosome By Region Table

Chromosome 1

Iberian Peninsula Primary region 36.2%

South Central Asia 22.0%

Scandinavia 18.6%

France 6.8%

Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding. Regions below 5% are grouped under "Other".

Chromosome 2

British Islanders Primary region 43.0%

East Europe And Baltic 22.4%

Caucasus 9.0%

Horn Of Africa 8.6%

Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding. Regions below 5% are grouped under "Other".

Chromosome 3

East Europe And Baltic Primary region 19.8%

British Islanders 15.6%

Sardinia 15.0%

Scandinavia 12.8%

Iberian Peninsula 12.0%

Caucasus 7.2%

Mainland South East Asia 5.8%

Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding. Regions below 5% are grouped under "Other".

Chromosome 4

Iberian Peninsula Primary region 31.2%

British Islanders 24.2%

Greece And Albania 23.2%

Horn Of Africa 9.8%

Tibetan 5.6%

Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding. Regions below 5% are grouped under "Other".

Chromosome 5

Iberian Peninsula Primary region 28.0%

Scandinavia 25.0%

Persia 16.8%

Horn Of Africa 11.4%

Nigeria 10.0%

South Central Asia 5.8%

Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding. Regions below 5% are grouped under "Other".

Chromosome 6

Sardinia Primary region 28.2%

Iberian Peninsula 21.8%

South Central Asia 19.6%

Africans Hunther Gatherers 11.2%

Mainland South East Asia 7.6%

Levant; Arabia And Egypt 5.2%

Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding. Regions below 5% are grouped under "Other".

Chromosome 7

Scandinavia Primary region 37.0%

Sardinia 17.4%

Horn Of Africa 9.4%

Caucasus 8.8%

East Balkans 6.6%

Tibetan 5.6%

Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding. Regions below 5% are grouped under "Other".

Chromosome 8

East Europe And Baltic Primary region 23.6%

Caucasus 19.6%

East Balkans 19.4%

Africans Hunther Gatherers 10.4%

Finland 10.4%

Sardinia 7.6%

North Africa 6.6%

Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding. Regions below 5% are grouped under "Other".

Chromosome 9

Iberian Peninsula Primary region 47.2%

South Central Asia 25.6%

Sardinia 11.6%

Horn Of Africa 10.6%

Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding. Regions below 5% are grouped under "Other".

Chromosome 10

British Islanders Primary region 24.8%

Anatolia And Armenia 17.8%

South Central Asia 14.6%

Germanic Europe 12.0%

Iberian Peninsula 10.8%

North Africa 9.4%

Caucasus 5.2%

Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding. Regions below 5% are grouped under "Other".

Chromosome 11

France Primary region 29.2%

Iberian Peninsula 20.0%

Levant; Arabia And Egypt 16.6%

East Europe And Baltic 13.2%

Africans Hunther Gatherers 6.2%

British Islanders 5.8%

Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding. Regions below 5% are grouped under "Other".

Chromosome 12

Chromosome 13

Scandinavia Primary region 35.8%

Sardinia 34.6%

Caucasus 11.2%

Persia 5.4%

China 5.0%

Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding. Regions below 5% are grouped under "Other".

Chromosome 14

Sardinia Primary region 46.0%

South Central Asia 19.2%

Horn Of Africa 14.0%

Finland 11.6%

Levant; Arabia And Egypt 5.8%

Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding. Regions below 5% are grouped under "Other".

Chromosome 15

Chromosome 16

Iberian Peninsula Primary region 33.4%

France 27.6%

South Central Asia 18.2%

Anatolia And Armenia 5.2%

Vietnam Dai 5.2%

Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding. Regions below 5% are grouped under "Other".

Chromosome 17

Sardinia Primary region 46.8%

Finland 41.6%

East And Central Mediterranean 5.0%

Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding. Regions below 5% are grouped under "Other".

Chromosome 18

Chromosome 19

Chromosome 20

Central Europe Primary region 20.4%

British Islanders 18.4%

Horn Of Africa 13.2%

South Asia 12.4%

Iberian Peninsula 11.6%

Finland 8.2%

Anatolia And Armenia 7.0%

Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding. Regions below 5% are grouped under "Other".

Chromosome 21

Chromosome 22

Sort:

35 regions detected | 22 chromosomes analyzed |

Iberian Peninsula

18 chr • 62.0% • 28.8%

23.56% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 22: 62.0%

1 36.20%
2 4.80%
3 12.00%
4 31.20%
5 28.00%
6 21.80%
7 1.00%
9 47.20%
10 10.80%
11 20.00%
12 42.00%
15 44.40%
16 33.40%
18 45.40%
19 27.80%
20 11.60%
21 38.80%
22 62.00%

Sardinia

12 chr • 50.4% • 24.3%

13.23% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 19: 50.4%

3 15.00%
6 28.20%
7 17.40%
8 7.60%
9 11.60%
12 23.80%
13 34.60%
14 46.00%
17 46.80%
19 50.40%
20 1.60%
22 8.00%

South Central Asia

9 chr • 31.6% • 19.5%

7.97% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 12: 31.6%

1 22.00%
5 5.80%
6 19.60%
9 25.60%
10 14.60%
12 31.60%
14 19.20%
16 18.20%
21 18.80%

British Islanders

8 chr • 43.0% • 21.1%

7.67% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 2: 43.0%

2 43.00%
3 15.60%
4 24.20%
10 24.80%
11 5.80%
15 12.00%
20 18.40%
21 25.00%

Scandinavia

6 chr • 37.0% • 21.6%

5.88% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 7: 37.0%

1 18.60%
2 0.20%
3 12.80%
5 25.00%
7 37.00%
13 35.80%

Horn Of Africa

18 chr • 14.0% • 6.6%

5.36% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 14: 14.0%

1 2.40%
2 8.60%
3 1.20%
4 9.80%
5 11.40%
6 2.20%
7 9.40%
8 1.60%
9 10.60%
10 0.40%
11 1.60%
13 2.60%
14 14.00%
16 3.40%
19 0.80%
20 13.20%
21 11.20%
22 13.60%

East Europe And Baltic

7 chr • 23.6% • 15.0%

4.78% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 8: 23.6%

2 22.40%
3 19.80%
8 23.60%
11 13.20%
15 20.20%
17 2.60%
20 3.40%

Finland

8 chr • 41.6% • 12.3%

4.46% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 17: 41.6%

5 1.00%
7 2.40%
8 10.40%
13 2.20%
14 11.60%
17 41.60%
18 20.80%
20 8.20%

Caucasus

8 chr • 19.6% • 9.9%

3.59% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 8: 19.6%

2 9.00%
3 7.20%
7 8.80%
8 19.60%
10 5.20%
12 2.20%
13 11.20%
15 15.80%

Africans Hunther Gatherers

13 chr • 16.0% • 5.1%

3.02% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 19: 16.0%

2 2.80%
3 2.80%
6 11.20%
7 1.40%
8 10.40%
10 1.80%
11 6.20%
15 4.60%
16 4.20%
18 3.40%
19 16.00%
20 1.00%
21 0.60%

France

3 chr • 29.2% • 21.2%

2.89% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 11: 29.2%

1 6.80%
11 29.20%
16 27.60%

Levant; Arabia And Egypt

5 chr • 21.6% • 10.4%

2.36% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 18: 21.6%

6 5.20%
11 16.60%
14 5.80%
16 2.80%
18 21.60%

Anatolia And Armenia

7 chr • 17.8% • 6.4%

2.05% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 10: 17.8%

1 3.40%
6 4.20%
10 17.80%
14 1.80%
16 5.20%
20 7.00%
21 5.60%

South Asia

6 chr • 12.4% • 5.6%

1.54% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 20: 12.4%

2 4.00%
4 1.60%
7 1.40%
18 5.00%
20 12.40%
22 9.40%

East Balkans

2 chr • 19.4% • 13.0%

1.18% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 8: 19.4%

7 6.60%
8 19.40%

Persia

3 chr • 16.8% • 8.1%

1.11% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 5: 16.8%

4 2.20%
5 16.80%
13 5.40%

Central Europe

2 chr • 20.4% • 12.0%

1.09% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 20: 20.4%

2 3.60%
20 20.40%

Greece And Albania

1 chr • 23.2% • 23.2%

1.05% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 4: 23.2%

4 23.20%

North Africa

4 chr • 9.4% • 5.2%

0.94% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 10: 9.4%

1 2.60%
7 2.00%
8 6.60%
10 9.40%

Mainland South East Asia

4 chr • 7.6% • 4.8%

0.87% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 6: 7.6%

3 5.80%
6 7.60%
7 3.00%
20 2.80%

Oceania

10 chr • 5.0% • 1.6%

0.72% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 19: 5.0%

1 3.00%
2 1.00%
3 2.00%
5 2.00%
9 0.40%
10 0.20%
12 0.40%
17 1.40%
18 0.40%
19 5.00%

Nigeria

5 chr • 10.0% • 3.1%

0.71% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 5: 10.0%

3 3.20%
4 0.20%
5 10.00%
17 1.00%
22 1.20%

Germanic Europe

2 chr • 12.0% • 7.6%

0.69% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 10: 12.0%

7 3.20%
10 12.00%

Tibetan

2 chr • 5.6% • 5.6%

0.51% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 4: 5.6%

4 5.60%
7 5.60%

Northern China; Korea And Japan

4 chr • 3.6% • 2.8%

0.51% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 11: 3.6%

9 2.60%
10 3.00%
11 3.60%
13 2.00%

East Siberia

6 chr • 3.4% • 1.7%

0.45% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 18: 3.4%

1 3.20%
2 0.60%
8 0.80%
14 0.20%
18 3.40%
22 1.80%

East And Central Mediterranean

3 chr • 5.0% • 3.2%

0.44% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 17: 5.0%

3 2.60%
4 2.00%
17 5.00%

Vietnam Dai

3 chr • 5.2% • 2.3%

0.32% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 16: 5.2%

7 0.60%
13 1.20%
16 5.20%

Basque

2 chr • 3.8% • 3.4%

0.31% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 11: 3.8%

11 3.80%
15 3.00%

China

1 chr • 5.0% • 5.0%

0.23% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 13: 5.0%

13 5.00%

Central And Southern Amerindian

2 chr • 4.0% • 2.1%

0.19% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 22: 4.0%

14 0.20%
22 4.00%

North America And Mexico

2 chr • 2.0% • 1.9%

0.17% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 9: 2.0%

1 1.80%
9 2.00%

West Anatolia

1 chr • 1.6% • 1.6%

0.07% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 17: 1.6%

17 1.60%

North Levant And Mesopotamia

1 chr • 1.2% • 1.2%

0.05% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 14: 1.2%

14 1.20%

Nilotic

1 chr • 0.2% • 0.2%

0.01% total

Chromosome breakdown

Chr 7: 0.2%

7 0.20%

Chromosome Heatmap 35 regions

100%

Scroll horizontally to view all chromosomes

Region	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22
Iberian Peninsula 1
Iberian Peninsula	36.2%	4.8%	12.0%	31.2%	28.0%	21.8%	1.0%	-	47.2%	10.8%	20.0%	42.0%	-	-	44.4%	33.4%	-	45.4%	27.8%	11.6%	38.8%	62.0%
Sardinia 1
Sardinia	-	-	15.0%	-	-	28.2%	17.4%	7.6%	11.6%	-	-	23.8%	34.6%	46.0%	-	-	46.8%	-	50.4%	1.6%	-	8.0%
South Central Asia 1
South Central Asia	22.0%	-	-	-	5.8%	19.6%	-	-	25.6%	14.6%	-	31.6%	-	19.2%	-	18.2%	-	-	-	-	18.8%	-
British Islanders 1
British Islanders	-	43.0%	15.6%	24.2%	-	-	-	-	-	24.8%	5.8%	-	-	-	12.0%	-	-	-	-	18.4%	25.0%	-
Scandinavia 1
Scandinavia	18.6%	0.2%	12.8%	-	25.0%	-	37.0%	-	-	-	-	-	35.8%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Horn Of Africa 1
Horn Of Africa	2.4%	8.6%	1.2%	9.8%	11.4%	2.2%	9.4%	1.6%	10.6%	0.4%	1.6%	-	2.6%	14.0%	-	3.4%	-	-	0.8%	13.2%	11.2%	13.6%
East Europe And Baltic 1
East Europe And Baltic	-	22.4%	19.8%	-	-	-	-	23.6%	-	-	13.2%	-	-	-	20.2%	-	2.6%	-	-	3.4%	-	-
Finland 1
Finland	-	-	-	-	1.0%	-	2.4%	10.4%	-	-	-	-	2.2%	11.6%	-	-	41.6%	20.8%	-	8.2%	-	-
Caucasus 1
Caucasus	-	9.0%	7.2%	-	-	-	8.8%	19.6%	-	5.2%	-	2.2%	11.2%	-	15.8%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Africans Hunther Gatherers 1
Africans Hunther Gatherers	-	2.8%	2.8%	-	-	11.2%	1.4%	10.4%	-	1.8%	6.2%	-	-	-	4.6%	4.2%	-	3.4%	16.0%	1.0%	0.6%	-
France 1
France	6.8%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	29.2%	-	-	-	-	27.6%	-	-	-	-	-	-
Levant; Arabia And Egypt 1
Levant; Arabia And Egypt	-	-	-	-	-	5.2%	-	-	-	-	16.6%	-	-	5.8%	-	2.8%	-	21.6%	-	-	-	-
Anatolia And Armenia 1
Anatolia And Armenia	3.4%	-	-	-	-	4.2%	-	-	-	17.8%	-	-	-	1.8%	-	5.2%	-	-	-	7.0%	5.6%	-
South Asia 1
South Asia	-	4.0%	-	1.6%	-	-	1.4%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	5.0%	-	12.4%	-	9.4%
East Balkans 1
East Balkans	-	-	-	-	-	-	6.6%	19.4%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Persia 1
Persia	-	-	-	2.2%	16.8%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	5.4%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Central Europe 1
Central Europe	-	3.6%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	20.4%	-	-
Greece And Albania 1
Greece And Albania	-	-	-	23.2%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
North Africa 1
North Africa	2.6%	-	-	-	-	-	2.0%	6.6%	-	9.4%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Mainland South East Asia 1
Mainland South East Asia	-	-	5.8%	-	-	7.6%	3.0%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2.8%	-	-
Oceania 1
Oceania	3.0%	1.0%	2.0%	-	2.0%	-	-	-	0.4%	0.2%	-	0.4%	-	-	-	-	1.4%	0.4%	5.0%	-	-	-
Nigeria 1
Nigeria	-	-	3.2%	0.2%	10.0%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1.0%	-	-	-	-	1.2%
Germanic Europe 1
Germanic Europe	-	-	-	-	-	-	3.2%	-	-	12.0%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Tibetan 1
Tibetan	-	-	-	5.6%	-	-	5.6%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Northern China; Korea And Japan 1
Northern China; Korea And Japan	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2.6%	3.0%	3.6%	-	2.0%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
East Siberia 1
East Siberia	3.2%	0.6%	-	-	-	-	-	0.8%	-	-	-	-	-	0.2%	-	-	-	3.4%	-	-	-	1.8%
East And Central Mediterranean 1
East And Central Mediterranean	-	-	2.6%	2.0%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	5.0%	-	-	-	-	-
Vietnam Dai 1
Vietnam Dai	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.6%	-	-	-	-	-	1.2%	-	-	5.2%	-	-	-	-	-	-
Basque 1
Basque	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	3.8%	-	-	-	3.0%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
China 1
China	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	5.0%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Central And Southern Amerindian 1
Central And Southern Amerindian	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.2%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	4.0%
North America And Mexico 1
North America And Mexico	1.8%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2.0%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
West Anatolia 1
West Anatolia	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1.6%	-	-	-	-	-
North Levant And Mesopotamia 1
North Levant And Mesopotamia	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1.2%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Nilotic 1
Nilotic	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.2%	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Iberian Peninsula Iberian Peninsula

Chr 1 36.2%

Chr 2 4.8%

Chr 3 12.0%

Chr 4 31.2%

Chr 5 28.0%

Chr 6 21.8%

Chr 7 1.0%

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 47.2%

Chr 10 10.8%

Chr 11 20.0%

Chr 12 42.0%

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 44.4%

Chr 16 33.4%

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 45.4%

Chr 19 27.8%

Chr 20 11.6%

Chr 21 38.8%

Chr 22 62.0%

Sardinia Sardinia

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 15.0%

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 28.2%

Chr 7 17.4%

Chr 8 7.6%

Chr 9 11.6%

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 23.8%

Chr 13 34.6%

Chr 14 46.0%

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 46.8%

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 50.4%

Chr 20 1.6%

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 8.0%

South Central Asia South Central Asia

Chr 1 22.0%

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 5.8%

Chr 6 19.6%

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 25.6%

Chr 10 14.6%

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 31.6%

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 19.2%

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 18.2%

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 -

Chr 21 18.8%

Chr 22 -

British Islanders British Islanders

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 43.0%

Chr 3 15.6%

Chr 4 24.2%

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 24.8%

Chr 11 5.8%

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 12.0%

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 18.4%

Chr 21 25.0%

Chr 22 -

Scandinavia Scandinavia

Chr 1 18.6%

Chr 2 0.2%

Chr 3 12.8%

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 25.0%

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 37.0%

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 35.8%

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 -

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 -

Horn Of Africa Horn Of Africa

Chr 1 2.4%

Chr 2 8.6%

Chr 3 1.2%

Chr 4 9.8%

Chr 5 11.4%

Chr 6 2.2%

Chr 7 9.4%

Chr 8 1.6%

Chr 9 10.6%

Chr 10 0.4%

Chr 11 1.6%

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 2.6%

Chr 14 14.0%

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 3.4%

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 0.8%

Chr 20 13.2%

Chr 21 11.2%

Chr 22 13.6%

East Europe And Baltic East Europe And Baltic

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 22.4%

Chr 3 19.8%

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 23.6%

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 13.2%

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 20.2%

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 2.6%

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 3.4%

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 -

Finland Finland

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 1.0%

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 2.4%

Chr 8 10.4%

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 2.2%

Chr 14 11.6%

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 41.6%

Chr 18 20.8%

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 8.2%

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 -

Caucasus Caucasus

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 9.0%

Chr 3 7.2%

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 8.8%

Chr 8 19.6%

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 5.2%

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 2.2%

Chr 13 11.2%

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 15.8%

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 -

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 -

Africans Hunther Gatherers Africans Hunther Gatherers

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 2.8%

Chr 3 2.8%

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 11.2%

Chr 7 1.4%

Chr 8 10.4%

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 1.8%

Chr 11 6.2%

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 4.6%

Chr 16 4.2%

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 3.4%

Chr 19 16.0%

Chr 20 1.0%

Chr 21 0.6%

Chr 22 -

France France

Chr 1 6.8%

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 29.2%

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 27.6%

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 -

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 -

Levant; Arabia And Egypt Levant; Arabia And Egypt

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 5.2%

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 16.6%

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 5.8%

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 2.8%

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 21.6%

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 -

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 -

Anatolia And Armenia Anatolia And Armenia

Chr 1 3.4%

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 4.2%

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 17.8%

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 1.8%

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 5.2%

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 7.0%

Chr 21 5.6%

Chr 22 -

South Asia South Asia

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 4.0%

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 1.6%

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 1.4%

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 5.0%

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 12.4%

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 9.4%

East Balkans East Balkans

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 6.6%

Chr 8 19.4%

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 -

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 -

Persia Persia

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 2.2%

Chr 5 16.8%

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 5.4%

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 -

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 -

Central Europe Central Europe

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 3.6%

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 20.4%

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 -

Greece And Albania Greece And Albania

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 23.2%

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 -

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 -

North Africa North Africa

Chr 1 2.6%

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 2.0%

Chr 8 6.6%

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 9.4%

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 -

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 -

Mainland South East Asia Mainland South East Asia

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 5.8%

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 7.6%

Chr 7 3.0%

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 2.8%

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 -

Oceania Oceania

Chr 1 3.0%

Chr 2 1.0%

Chr 3 2.0%

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 2.0%

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 0.4%

Chr 10 0.2%

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 0.4%

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 1.4%

Chr 18 0.4%

Chr 19 5.0%

Chr 20 -

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 -

Nigeria Nigeria

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 3.2%

Chr 4 0.2%

Chr 5 10.0%

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 1.0%

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 -

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 1.2%

Germanic Europe Germanic Europe

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 3.2%

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 12.0%

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 -

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 -

Tibetan Tibetan

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 5.6%

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 5.6%

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 -

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 -

Northern China; Korea And Japan Northern China; Korea And Japan

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 2.6%

Chr 10 3.0%

Chr 11 3.6%

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 2.0%

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 -

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 -

East Siberia East Siberia

Chr 1 3.2%

Chr 2 0.6%

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 0.8%

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 0.2%

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 3.4%

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 -

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 1.8%

East And Central Mediterranean East And Central Mediterranean

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 2.6%

Chr 4 2.0%

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 5.0%

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 -

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 -

Vietnam Dai Vietnam Dai

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 0.6%

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 1.2%

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 5.2%

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 -

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 -

Basque Basque

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 3.8%

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 3.0%

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 -

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 -

China China

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 5.0%

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 -

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 -

Central And Southern Amerindian Central And Southern Amerindian

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 0.2%

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 -

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 4.0%

North America And Mexico North America And Mexico

Chr 1 1.8%

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 2.0%

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 -

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 -

West Anatolia West Anatolia

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 1.6%

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 -

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 -

North Levant And Mesopotamia North Levant And Mesopotamia

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 -

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 1.2%

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 -

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 -

Nilotic Nilotic

Chr 1 -

Chr 2 -

Chr 3 -

Chr 4 -

Chr 5 -

Chr 6 -

Chr 7 0.2%

Chr 8 -

Chr 9 -

Chr 10 -

Chr 11 -

Chr 12 -

Chr 13 -

Chr 14 -

Chr 15 -

Chr 16 -

Chr 17 -

Chr 18 -

Chr 19 -

Chr 20 -

Chr 21 -

Chr 22 -

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Reference

Reference Panel

Populations used in this analysis

African Hunter Gatherers

Indigenous Ancient +2 more

Indigenous groups across Africa retaining deep genetic lineages and traditions of foraging, hunting, and small-scale mobility. Many communities have contributed key insights into human prehistory and population structure across the continent. Their genetic profiles often preserve ancient diversity not found in later agricultural populations.

Indigenous Ancient Forager African

Related Regions:

Southern Africa
Central Africa
East Africa

Bantu

Bantu Agricultural +2 more

A broad grouping associated with the expansion of Bantu languages, farming technologies, and ironworking across much of Sub-Saharan Africa over the last few thousand years. Bantu-speaking populations show genetic signatures of demographic expansion, admixture with local hunter-gatherers, and regional differentiation. Their spread reshaped linguistic and genetic landscapes from West/Central Africa into eastern and southern Africa.

Bantu Agricultural Expansion Sub-Saharan

Related Regions:

West Africa
Central Africa
Southern Africa
East Africa

Nigeria

West African Diverse +2 more

A genetically and culturally diverse population reflecting hundreds of ethnic groups, languages, and historical interactions in West Africa. Nigeria's genomic landscape captures patterns of deep local variation, Bantu-related influences, trans-Saharan contacts, and more recent historical movements. It is a major source of West African ancestry used in comparative population studies.

West African Diverse Niger-Congo Population Hub

Related Regions:

West Africa
Gulf of Guinea
Sahel

Nilotic

Nilotic Pastoralist +2 more

Ethnic groups historically concentrated along the Nile and Nile tributaries, often associated with pastoralism, cattle culture, and distinct Nilotic languages. Nilotic populations display genetic continuity across East Africa with adaptations to pastoralist lifestyles and high mobility. They contribute unique lineage components used to distinguish East African ancestry profiles.

Nilotic Pastoralist East African Nilo-Saharan

Related Regions:

Upper Nile
South Sudan
Northern Uganda
Western Ethiopia

Horn-of-Africa

Horn of Africa Cushitic +2 more

Populations from Ethiopia, Somalia, Djibouti and Eritrea characterized by a mixture of ancient African lineages and Eurasian backflow events. The region has unique linguistic families (Cushitic and Semitic branches) and long-standing agro-pastoral traditions. Genetic profiles show deep local continuity plus admixture signals tied to Red Sea and Arabian interactions.

Horn of Africa Cushitic Semitic Admixed

Related Regions:

Ethiopia
Somalia
Djibouti
Eritrea

Western Africa

West African Historical Kingdoms +2 more

A region with millennia of complex societies, kingdoms, and trade networks, resulting in high linguistic and genetic diversity. Western African populations include major West African components used to model regional ancestry, shaped by farming dispersals, trade, and migrations. Coastal and inland groups reflect varied histories of interaction and local continuity.

West African Historical Kingdoms Sahel Coastal

Related Regions:

Gulf of Guinea
Sahel
Senegambia
Benin/Togo

Anatolia and Armenia

Anatolian Armenian +2 more

A historic crossroads bridging Europe and Asia, home to early farming communities, Bronze Age states, and long-term cultural continuity. Populations here show genetic signatures reflecting Neolithic farmers, Steppe interactions, and local Anatolian/Armenian continuity. This region is central for understanding the spread of agriculture and later Bronze/Iron Age population movements.

Anatolian Armenian Neolithic Crossroads

Related Regions:

Eastern Mediterranean
Caucasus
Central Anatolia

Basque

Basque Isolated +2 more

A culturally and genetically distinctive population in the western Pyrenees, notable for the non-Indo-European Basque language and relative genetic continuity. Basques often show elevated local ancestry components and reduced signals of recent admixture compared with surrounding populations. They are frequently used as a reference for deep Western European lineages.

Basque Isolated Pre-Indo-European Western Europe

Related Regions:

Northern Spain
Southwestern France
Pyrenees

British Islanders

British Island +2 more

Populations from the British Isles reflecting millennia of settlement, including Mesolithic, Neolithic, Bronze Age, and historic migrations from Europe and beyond. Genetic structure shows regional gradients, island-specific founder effects, and signals from Viking, Anglo-Saxon, and Norman periods. The British Isles are a key region for studying postglacial recolonization and medieval mobility.

British Island Medieval Admixture Western Europe

Related Regions:

England
Scotland
Ireland
Wales

Caucasus

#10

Caucasus Mountainous +2 more

A mountainous region between the Black and Caspian seas with exceptional ethnic, linguistic, and genetic diversity. Populations here preserve deep local lineages alongside influences from Anatolia, Iran, and the Eurasian steppe. The Caucasus is a refuge and contact zone, important for reconstructing movements between Europe and West Asia.

Caucasus Mountainous Linguistic Diversity Admixed

Related Regions:

Georgia
Armenia
Azerbaijan
North Caucasus

Central Europe

#11

Central Europe Indo-European +2 more

A historically dynamic region including Germany, Poland and neighboring areas, shaped by Neolithic agriculture, Bronze Age migrations, and later medieval movements. Central European genomes reflect mixtures of early farmers, hunter-gatherers, and Steppe pastoralists with subsequent regional differentiation. It plays a central role in models of European population history.

Central Europe Indo-European Neolithic Bronze Age

Related Regions:

Germany
Poland
Czechia
Austria

East Balkans

#12

Balkans Slavic Influence +2 more

Regions like Bulgaria and Romania with histories of Thracian, Roman, Slavic, and Ottoman influence producing layered genetic and cultural landscapes. East Balkan populations display admixture signals from local Neolithic farmers, Steppe arrivals, and historical migrations across the Balkans. Their position at the southeastern edge of Europe results in diverse ancestry components.

Balkans Slavic Influence Roman/Byzantine Admixed

Related Regions:

Bulgaria
Romania
Thrace
Macedonia

East Europe and Baltic

#13

Slavic Baltic +2 more

Encompasses Eastern European and Baltic populations with strong Slavic and Baltic linguistic roots, shaped by migration, trade and repeated historical expansions. Genetic profiles show mixes of Steppe ancestry, European hunter-gatherer remnants, and Neolithic farmer contributions with north-south clines. The Baltic states exhibit distinct northern signatures and local continuity.

Slavic Baltic Eastern Europe Steppe

Related Regions:

Lithuania
Latvia
Estonia
Russia (European)

East Siberia

#14

Siberian Indigenous +2 more

Sparsely populated region home to diverse indigenous Siberian peoples with deep Northeast Asian ancestries and adaptations to cold environments. Genetic lineages here are important for understanding the peopling of the Americas and ancient links across Beringia. East Siberian groups often show continuity with ancient northern Eurasian populations and distinct local components.

Siberian Indigenous Northeast Asian Ancient Links

Related Regions:

Yakutia
Kamchatka
Chukotka
Far East Russia

Finland

#15

Uralic Isolated +2 more

A Uralic-speaking nation with genetic signatures reflecting both eastern Uralic inputs and northern European affinities. Finnish populations show distinct founder and drift effects, regional substructure (e.g., east-west differences), and relatively high runs of homozygosity in some areas. Finland is frequently used as a model for recent population isolation and drift in Europe.

Uralic Isolated Northern Europe Founder Effects

Related Regions:

Finland
Fennoscandia
Karelia

France

#16

Western Europe Celtic +2 more

A Western European population shaped by Paleolithic, Neolithic, Bronze Age, and historic movements including Celtic, Roman, Germanic and later influences. Modern French genetic diversity reflects regional structure, coastal vs inland differences, and signals from neighboring Iberian and Italian gene pools. France sits at a central crossroads in European population history.

Western Europe Celtic Romance Regional

Related Regions:

Northern France
Southern France
Brittany
Occitania

Germanic Europe

#17

Germanic Northern Europe +2 more

Populations influenced by Germanic languages and migrations, including regions of present-day Germany, the Low Countries, and parts of Scandinavia and Britain. Genetic patterns reflect ancestry from early European farmers, hunter-gatherers, and Steppe pastoralists, later modulated by medieval movements and regional structure. Germanic Europe is important for tracing northern and central European demographic events.

Germanic Northern Europe Medieval Migrations Indo-European

Related Regions:

Germany
Netherlands
Belgium
Northern France

Greece and Albania

#18

Mediterranean Classical +2 more

Regions with deep classical and pre-classical histories, where ancient Greek, Illyrian, and later Byzantine and Ottoman influences intersect. Populations here retain strong Mediterranean farmer heritage mixed with Steppe and Anatolian components, showing local continuity and regional differentiation. Greece and Albania are key to understanding eastern Mediterranean population dynamics.

Mediterranean Classical Anatolian Influence Balkan

Related Regions:

Greece
Albania
Peloponnese
Epirus

Iberian Peninsula

#19

Iberian Mediterranean +2 more

Spain and Portugal together form a region shaped by prehistoric hunter-gatherers, Neolithic farmers, Bronze Age migrations, and historical contacts with North Africa and the Mediterranean. Iberian genetic landscapes show heterogeneity between the north, south, and islands, influenced by prehistoric and historic gene flow. The peninsula's history includes marked hunter-gatherer persistence and later Mediterranean connections.

Iberian Mediterranean Atlantic Influence Historical Admixture

Related Regions:

Spain
Portugal
Balearic Islands
Canary Islands

Italy

#20

Italian Mediterranean +2 more

A genetically diverse peninsula shaped by Paleolithic refugia, Neolithic expansions, complex Bronze Age interactions, and extensive Mediterranean connectivity across millennia. Northern, central, and southern Italy show distinct genetic signatures reflecting multiple ancient and historical migrations, including Greek, Arab, and later European influences. Italy's central geographic role yields rich population structure for Mediterranean studies.

Italian Mediterranean Regional Structure Ancient Ports

Related Regions:

Northern Italy
Southern Italy
Sicily
Sardinia

Levant; Arabia and Egypt

#21

Levant Arabian +2 more

A broad transregional complex linking the Eastern Mediterranean, Arabian Peninsula, and North Africa, rich in agricultural origins, trade routes, and cultural exchange. Populations show layered ancestry from ancient Levantine hunter-gatherers, Neolithic farmers, Arabian and African contributions, and later historical movements. This area is central to models of Near Eastern demography and language spread.

Levant Arabian Egyptian Near Eastern

Related Regions:

Levant
Arabian Peninsula
Egypt
Sinai

North Levant and Mesopotamia

#22

Mesopotamia Ancient Civilizations +2 more

The historic cradle of early urban civilizations with deep continuity of settlement and complex admixture from Anatolia, Iran, Arabia and the Mediterranean. Genetic signatures reflect ancient agriculturalists, Bronze Age movements, and millennia of trade and migration across riverine and steppe corridors. This region is crucial for studying the emergence and spread of early complex societies.

Mesopotamia Ancient Civilizations Fertile Crescent Admixture

Related Regions:

Northern Levant
Iraq
Syria
Upper Mesopotamia

Sardinia

#23

Island Isolated +2 more

An island population with a distinctive genetic profile reflecting relative long-term isolation, strong Neolithic farmer ancestry, and reduced later admixture compared to mainland Italy. Sardinians are often used as proxies for early European farmers in population genetic studies due to their preserved ancestries. The island shows internal substructure connected to geography and history.

Island Isolated Neolithic Proxy Mediterranean

Related Regions:

Sardinia
Western Mediterranean
Corsica

Scandinavia

#24

Scandinavian Viking +2 more

Encompasses Norway, Sweden, Denmark and adjacent areas with population histories shaped by Mesolithic hunter-gatherers, Neolithic farmers, and later Steppe and Viking-era movements. Scandinavian genomes show northern European adaptations, coastal vs inland differences, and contributions to Atlantic and Baltic genetic networks. Viking age expansions left detectable traces across Europe and the North Atlantic.

Scandinavian Viking Northern Europe Baltic

Related Regions:

Norway
Sweden
Denmark
Icelandic connections

Austronesian

#25

Austronesian Maritime +2 more

Peoples originating from Taiwan and spreading across Island Southeast Asia and the Pacific, associated with maritime dispersals, distinctive languages, and agricultural technologies. Austronesian populations show varying degrees of admixture with local hunter-gatherers in island contexts and strong cultural-linguistic continuity. They are central to models of Pacific settlement and island biogeography of humans.

Austronesian Maritime Island Southeast Asia Pacific

Related Regions:

Taiwan
Indonesia
Philippines
Polynesia

China

#26

East Asian Han +2 more

A large and diverse set of populations across East Asia with deep Neolithic histories, multiple regional differentiation patterns, and extensive internal migrations. Chinese genetic structure reflects north-south clines, ancient farmer expansions, and interactions with neighboring East Asian, Central Asian and Siberian groups. It is fundamental for understanding East Asian genomic diversity and demographic history.

East Asian Han Regional Diversity Ancient Farmers

Related Regions:

Northern China
Southern China
Yangtze River
Loess Plateau

East and Central Mediterranean

#27

Mediterranean Maritime +2 more

A culturally connected maritime zone including Greece, southern Italy, the Levant, and North Africa with intensive ancient trade and population exchange. Populations show mixed Mediterranean farmer ancestry, Phoenician/Greek expansions, Roman-era movements and later medieval interactions, producing a mosaic of genetic components. This region exemplifies long-term coastal connectivity shaping genetic diversity.

Mediterranean Maritime Admixed Ancient Trade

Related Regions:

Eastern Mediterranean
Central Mediterranean
Aegean
Levantine Coast

North Central Asia

#28

Steppe Nomadic +2 more

Includes steppe and semi-desert regions such as modern Kazakhstan, historically dominated by nomadic pastoralist cultures and serving as a conduit between Europe and East Asia. Genetic signatures often include a mixture of West Eurasian, East Eurasian, and ancient Steppe components linked to mobility and horse-borne cultures. This area is pivotal for studies of Bronze Age and medieval Eurasian migrations.

Steppe Nomadic Central Asian Admixture

Related Regions:

Kazakhstan
Turkestan
Altai
Central Asian Steppe

Northern China; Korea and Japan

#29

Northeast Asian Korean +2 more

A cluster of Northeast Asian populations with shared ancestry components and long-term cultural exchange, including agricultural and technological transfers. Genetic patterns show continuity with ancient Yellow River and Northeast Asian hunter-gatherer ancestries, plus region-specific admixture events and founder effects in island Japan and peninsular Korea. These populations are key to reconstructing East Asian prehistory and migration networks.

Northeast Asian Korean Japanese Northern China

Related Regions:

Korea
Japan
Northeast China
Yellow Sea Coast

Mainland South East Asia

#30

Southeast Asian Austroasiatic +2 more

Includes Thailand, Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam, regions with deep Austroasiatic, Tai-Kadai, Sino-Tibetan and Austronesian contacts and complex demographic layering. Mainland Southeast Asian genomes reveal mixtures of hunter-gatherer substrates, incoming agriculturalists, and later cultural exchanges from East and South Asia. The area is characterized by fine-scale regional structure and linguistic diversity.

Southeast Asian Austroasiatic Tai-Kadai Admixed

Related Regions:

Indochina
Mekong Basin
Thailand
Myanmar

Persia

#31

Persian Iranian Plateau +2 more

Historic Iranian populations centered on the Iranian Plateau with deep continuity from ancient Elamite, Median and later Persian empires. Genetic profiles combine indigenous Near Eastern ancestries with inputs from the steppe, Central Asia, and neighboring Anatolia and the Caucasus. Persia is a major nexus for West Asian demographic, linguistic, and cultural developments.

Persian Iranian Plateau Ancient Iranian Near Eastern

Related Regions:

Iran
Central Plateau
Khorasan
Persian Gulf

South Asia

#32

South Asian Indo-Aryan +2 more

A highly diverse region including the Indian subcontinent, shaped by ancient hunter-gatherer substrates, Neolithic farming, Indo-European expansions, Dravidian histories and extensive internal structure. South Asian genomes show complex multilayered ancestries, strong endogamy in many groups, and regionally distinct contributions from West Eurasian and East Eurasian sources. It is central to debates on ancient migrations and social structure.

South Asian Indo-Aryan Dravidian Endogamy

Related Regions:

Indian Subcontinent
Pakistan
Bangladesh
Sri Lanka

South Central Asia

#33

Central-South Asian Crossroads +2 more

Encompasses Afghanistan, parts of Pakistan and adjoining highlands, acting as a crossroads between South Asia, Central Asia and the Middle East with layered demographic histories. Populations display mixes of South Asian, West Eurasian, and Central Asian components shaped by Silk Road exchanges, medieval migrations, and local continuity. The region is important for tracing movements of Indo-Iranian and later groups.

Central-South Asian Crossroads Indo-Iranian Admixture

Related Regions:

Afghanistan
Western Pakistan
Tajik Highlands
Kandahar Region

Tibetan

#34

Tibetan High Altitude +2 more

High-altitude populations of the Tibetan Plateau with distinctive adaptations to hypoxia and long-term cultural continuity in pastoral and agricultural lifestyles. Tibetan genomes reflect ancient East Asian lineages combined with local selection signals for altitude physiology and regional gene flow. Their unique demographic history informs studies of adaptation and upland human settlement.

Tibetan High Altitude Adaptation Plateau

Related Regions:

Tibet
Himalayan Foothills
Qinghai

Vietnam-Dai

#35

Vietnamese Dai +2 more

Populations of northern Vietnam and neighboring Dai-speaking areas reflecting Austroasiatic, Tai, and Sino-Tibetan interactions and long-term agricultural traditions. Genetic patterns show mixtures of local hunter-gatherer ancestry, Neolithic expansions, and later Tai migrations, with strong cultural-linguistic diversity. These groups are informative for mainland Southeast Asian demographic reconstructions.

Vietnamese Dai Austroasiatic Tai

Related Regions:

Northern Vietnam
Southern China (Yunnan)
Mekong Delta

Central and Southern Amerindian

#36

Amerindian Indigenous +2 more

Indigenous peoples of Central and South America with deep pre-Columbian histories, diverse languages, and region-specific adaptations to varied ecologies from Andes highlands to Amazonian forests. Their genetic variation preserves founder events, local continuity, and differential admixture with later European and African sources. These groups are key to reconstructing migration routes and population structure in the Americas.

Amerindian Indigenous Andean Amazonian

Related Regions:

Andes
Amazon Basin
Mesoamerica
Southern Cone

North America and Mexico

#37

Native American Indigenous +2 more

Encompasses diverse Indigenous populations across North America and Mexico, each with unique historical trajectories, languages, and regional genetic structure. Pre-contact diversity shows deep population splits and localized adaptations, later modified by European colonization and African slave trade admixture. These populations are essential for understanding the peopling and demographic history of North America.

Native American Indigenous North America Mesoamerican

Related Regions:

Mexico
United States (Native groups)
Pacific Northwest
Great Plains

Oceania

#38

Oceanian Polynesian +2 more

Pacific island populations including Near and Remote Oceania with ancestral connections to Island Southeast Asia and ancient Papuan lineages. Oceanians show mixtures between Austronesian settlers and indigenous Papuan groups, along with unique island-specific founder effects and adaptations. This region is crucial for studying island colonization, maritime dispersal and human cultural expansion across the Pacific.

Oceanian Polynesian Papuan Austronesian Mix

Related Regions:

Melanesia
Micronesia
Polynesia
Papua New Guinea

West Anatolia

#39

Anatolia Aegean +2 more

Western Anatolian populations with long histories of Neolithic settlement, Bronze Age kingdoms, and later Greek, Roman, Byzantine and Ottoman layers. Genetic signatures often show continuity from ancient Anatolian farmers with additional inputs from the Aegean and Mediterranean. West Anatolia is a focal area for studying interactions between Europe and Asia Minor across prehistory and history.

Anatolia Aegean Neolithic Mediterranean

Related Regions:

Aegean Coast
Western Turkey
Marmara Region
Izmir Basin

North Africa

#40

North African Berber +2 more

A region blending indigenous African lineages with Mediterranean, Arab and Sub-Saharan influences due to long-standing trans-Mediterranean and trans-Saharan contacts. North African populations exhibit distinct Maghrebi components, Berber continuity, and variable Eurasian admixture reflecting Neolithic, Phoenician, Roman, Arab and recent movements. Their genetic landscape is complex and geographically structured along coasts, mountains and deserts.

North African Berber Maghrebi Admixed

Related Regions:

Maghreb
Egypt
Atlas Mountains
Mediterranean Coast

Exclusive Admixture Report

Population composition

Reference contributions

Reference regions

Iberian Peninsula

Scandinavia

Persia

South Central Asia

Horn Of Africa

Sardinia

Smaller reference components

Chromosome Admixture Analysis

Iberian Peninsula

Iberian Peninsula

Sardinia

Sardinia

South Central Asia

South Central Asia

British Islanders

British Islanders

Scandinavia

Scandinavia

Horn Of Africa

Horn Of Africa

East Europe And Baltic

East Europe And Baltic

Finland

Finland

Caucasus

Caucasus

Africans Hunther Gatherers

Africans Hunther Gatherers

France

France

Levant; Arabia And Egypt

Levant; Arabia And Egypt

Anatolia And Armenia

Anatolia And Armenia

South Asia

South Asia

East Balkans

East Balkans

Persia

Persia

Central Europe

Central Europe

Greece And Albania

Greece And Albania

North Africa

North Africa

Mainland South East Asia

Mainland South East Asia

Oceania

Oceania

Nigeria

Nigeria

Germanic Europe

Germanic Europe

Tibetan

Tibetan

Northern China; Korea And Japan

Northern China; Korea And Japan

East Siberia

East Siberia

East And Central Mediterranean

East And Central Mediterranean

Vietnam Dai

Vietnam Dai

Basque

Basque

China

China

Central And Southern Amerindian

Central And Southern Amerindian

North America And Mexico

North America And Mexico

West Anatolia

West Anatolia

North Levant And Mesopotamia

North Levant And Mesopotamia