A man buried in Spain in the Copper Age era

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Reference library / Sample profile

A man buried in Spain in the Copper Age era

Explore the recorded context, genetic comparisons and research behind this reference sample.

SpainSpain MLN

A reference profile describes this sample. It does not establish a personal or family relationship.

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AI portrait reconstruction for A man buried in Spain in the Copper Age era
AI-generated artistic reconstruction, not a photograph of the individual.
Record

Sample details

Recorded details and available lineage markers.

Individual

MLN individual, Spain

Sample ID: ELT002

Date Range

3941 BCE - 3660 BCE

Cultural Period

Spain MLN

Biological Sex

Male

mtDNA Haplogroup

J1c1b

Y-DNA Haplogroup

I2a1a1

Social Role

Farmer (AI estimate, era-typical)

Geography

Location

Where this individual was discovered

Country Spain
Locality Cova de Els Trocs
Coordinates 42.5000, 0.5000
Chronology

Date range

When this individual lived in the broader context of human history

MLN individual, Spain 3941 BCE - 3660 BCE
Context

Historical context

Background information associated with the reference record.

Region & Environment

Neolithic Spain encompassed Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts, river systems, and interior uplands. Landscapes offered varying opportunities for cultivation, grazing, and movement between valleys and plateaus, shaping where settlements formed and how people managed resources over the year.

Historical Context

During the later 5th to 3rd millennia BCE, farming and herding economies became established in Iberia, building on earlier Neolithic introductions to western Mediterranean regions. Over time, local communities developed distinctive ways of using land and organizing settlement, with gradual transitions toward later Copper Age practices beginning near the end of this timeframe.

Populations & Lifeways

People lived in villages and smaller settlement clusters, practicing mixed farming and animal herding alongside household craft. Food production likely depended on seasonal cycles and locally adapted strategies for storing and consuming plant and animal resources. Social differences can be inferred indirectly where burial practices or particular craft styles appear more prominent, though the scale and nature of inequality vary by locality.

Archaeology & Material Culture

Archaeological visibility comes largely from settlement residues and funerary evidence. Ceramic traditions are central for relative dating and regional comparison, and stone tool assemblages show the continued importance of lithic production. Evidence for domestic construction and storage practices—alongside production debris—helps reconstruct everyday activities, while site-based patterns suggest that communities maintained long-term attachments to particular landscapes.

Culture & Society

The Iberian Neolithic is characterized by regional variation within broadly shared Neolithic practices. Communities participated in exchange networks at different scales, visible in recurring stylistic motifs and comparable artifact forms across regions. Social life was organized around households and community institutions, with communal spaces and mortuary practices providing a means to express shared identities.

Legacy & Transition

As the Neolithic progressed into the later 3rd millennium BCE, changes in technology, production, and mortuary practice reflect evolving social and economic conditions. These transitions set the stage for later Copper Age cultures, as communities continued to adapt farming strategies, craft production, and land use to new regional opportunities and pressures.

Analysis

Genetic comparisons

These comparisons show genetic similarity, not identity or origin. The populations listed are those whose genomes show statistical alignment to this ancient individual.

Similarity reflects shared history, not shared identity. These are analytical comparisons, not claims about who this person was.

Modern Genetic Admixture

This analysis compares the DNA profile with present-day reference populations, showing statistical similarity to modern reference populations from different regions. The excavation site records where this individual was found, not a fixed modern genetic identity.

Europe 99.1%
Southern European 99.1%
Iberian 44.4%
Sardinian 34.0%
Italian 20.7%
Africa 0.9%
North African 0.9%
North African 0.9%

Closest Modern Populations

These are the modern populations showing the closest statistical alignment to A man buried in Spain in the Copper Age era, ranked by genetic distance. Lower distance values indicate closer statistical similarity. Cross-region similarity can reflect shared ancestry, population movement, continuity, or later admixture.

1
Sardinian
3.2148
2
French Corsica
5.4583
3
Spanish La Rioja
5.6120
4
Spanish Castilla La Mancha
5.9089
5
Spanish Castello
5.9691
6
Spanish Pirineu
5.9936
7
Spanish Aragon
6.0248
8
Spanish Menorca
6.0277
9
Spanish Cantabria
6.0493
10
Spanish Navarra
6.0612
Context

Related Samples

This individual exists within a broader network of ancient samples. No ancient genome stands alone.

Individual Culture/Period Date Location Action
Azilian individual, Spain Upper Paleolithic Azilian Culture, Spain 10727 BCE Balma Guilanya, Spain View
European Hunter-Gatherers individual, Spain Upper Paleolithic Azilian Culture, Spain 11446 BCE Balma Guilanya, Spain View
EN individual, Spain Early Neolithic Spain 5308 BCE Cueva de Chaves, Spain View
EN individual, Spain Early Neolithic Spain 5302 BCE Cueva de Chaves, Spain View
EN individual, Spain Early Neolithic Spain 5302 BCE Cueva de Chaves, Spain View
EN individual, Spain Early Neolithic Spain 4545 BCE Cueva de Chaves, Spain View
Mesolithic individual, Portugal Geometric Mesolithic Portugal 6238 BCE Moita do Sebastiao, Portugal View
MLN individual, Spain Middle to Late Neolithic Spain 3941 BCE Cova de Els Trocs, Spain View
MLN individual, Spain Middle to Late Neolithic Spain 3949 BCE Cova de Els Trocs, Spain View
EN individual, Spain Early Neolithic Spain 5209 BCE Fuente Celada, Spain View
Page 1
Individual Culture/Period Date Location Action
MLN individual, Spain Middle to Late Neolithic Spain 3900 BCE La Mina, Spain View
MLN individual, Spain Middle to Late Neolithic Spain 3900 BCE La Mina, Spain View
Iberian Neolithic individual, Spain Middle to Late Neolithic Spain 3895 BCE La Mina, Spain View
MLN individual, Spain Middle to Late Neolithic Spain 3900 BCE La Mina, Spain View
Iberian Neolithic individual, Spain Middle to Late Neolithic Spain 4300 BCE Cádiz. San Fernando. Campo de Hockey, Spain View
MLN individual, Spain Middle to Late Neolithic Spain 4700 BCE Cádiz. San Fernando. Campo de Hockey, Spain View
MLN individual, Spain Middle to Late Neolithic Spain 4000 BCE Alicante. Alcoi. Llometes, Spain View
MLN individual, Spain Middle to Late Neolithic Spain 3500 BCE Mandubi Zelaia, Spain View
MLN individual, Spain Middle to Late Neolithic Spain 3500 BCE Mandubi Zelaia, Spain View
MLN individual, Spain Middle to Late Neolithic Spain 3500 BCE Mandubi Zelaia, Spain View
MLN individual, Spain Middle to Late Neolithic Spain 3952 BCE Valencian Community. Alacant/Alicante. Alcoi. Les Llometes, Spain View
MLN individual, Spain Middle to Late Neolithic Spain 3635 BCE Valencian Community. Alacant/Alicante. Alcoi. Les Llometes, Spain View
MLN individual, Spain Middle to Late Neolithic Spain 3711 BCE Valencian Community. Alacant/Alicante. Alcoi. Les Llometes, Spain View
MLN individual, Spain Middle to Late Neolithic Spain 4045 BCE Valencian Community. Alacant/Alicante. Alcoi. Les Llometes, Spain View
MLN individual, Spain Middle to Late Neolithic Spain 3981 BCE Valencian Community. Alacant/Alicante. Alcoi. Les Llometes, Spain View
Iberian Neolithic individual, Spain Middle to Late Neolithic Spain 4300 BCE Cádiz. San Fernando. Campo de Hockey, Spain View
MLN individual, Spain Middle to Late Neolithic Spain 3644 BCE Alicante. Alcoi. Llometes, Spain View
MLN individual, Spain Middle to Late Neolithic Spain 3500 BCE Mandubi Zelaia, Spain View
MLN individual, Spain Middle to Late Neolithic Spain 2909 BCE Valencian Community. Alacant/Alicante. Alcoi. Les Llometes, Spain View
MLN individual, Spain Middle to Late Neolithic Spain 3500 BCE Mandubi Zelaia, Spain View
MLN individual, Spain Middle to Late Neolithic Spain 3400 BCE Barcelona. Cova de la Guineu, Spain View
MLN individual, Spain Middle to Late Neolithic Spain 3400 BCE Barcelona. Cova de la Guineu, Spain View
MLN individual, Spain Middle to Late Neolithic Spain 3400 BCE Barcelona. Cova de la Guineu, Spain View
MLN individual, Spain Middle to Late Neolithic Spain 3400 BCE Barcelona. Cova de la Guineu, Spain View
MLN individual, Spain Middle to Late Neolithic Spain 3400 BCE Barcelona. Cova de la Guineu, Spain View
MLN individual, Spain Middle to Late Neolithic Spain 3400 BCE Barcelona. Cova de la Guineu, Spain View
MLN individual, Spain Middle to Late Neolithic Spain 3400 BCE Barcelona. Cova de la Guineu, Spain View
MLN individual, Spain Middle to Late Neolithic Spain 3518 BCE Alicante. Alcoi. Llometes, Spain View
Iberian Neolithic individual, Spain Middle to Late Neolithic Spain 4000 BCE Alicante. Alcoi. Llometes, Spain View
MLN individual, Spain Middle to Late Neolithic Spain 3622 BCE Alicante. Alcoi. Llometes, Spain View
MLN individual, Spain Middle to Late Neolithic Spain 3500 BCE Valencian Community. València/Valencia. Bocairent. La Coveta Emparetà, Spain View
MLN individual, Spain Middle to Late Neolithic Spain 3496 BCE Valencian Community. València/Valencia. Bocairent. La Coveta Emparetà, Spain View
MLN individual, Spain Middle to Late Neolithic Spain 3400 BCE Asturias. Soto de las Regueras. Cueva de la Paloma, Spain View
MLN individual, Spain Middle to Late Neolithic Spain 3500 BCE Basque Country, Spain View
MLN individual, Spain Middle to Late Neolithic Spain 3500 BCE Basque Country, Spain View
MLN individual, Spain Middle to Late Neolithic Spain 3400 BCE Barcelona. Cova de la Guineu, Spain View
MLN individual, Spain Middle to Late Neolithic Spain 3400 BCE Barcelona. Cova de la Guineu, Spain View
MLN individual, Spain Middle to Late Neolithic Spain 3400 BCE Barcelona. Cova de la Guineu, Spain View
MLN individual, Spain Middle to Late Neolithic Spain 4700 BCE Cádiz. San Fernando. Campo de Hockey, Spain View
MLN individual, Spain Middle to Late Neolithic Spain 3500 BCE Basque Country, Spain View
MLN individual, Spain Middle to Late Neolithic Spain 3500 BCE Basque Country, Spain View
MLN individual, Spain Middle to Late Neolithic Spain 3941 BCE Cova de Els Trocs, Spain View
MLN individual, Spain Middle to Late Neolithic Spain 3949 BCE Cova de Els Trocs, Spain View
Iberian Neolithic individual, Spain Middle to Late Neolithic Spain 3400 BCE Barcelona. Cova de la Guineu, Spain View
Iberian Neolithic individual, Spain Middle to Late Neolithic Spain 3606 BCE Basque Country. Alava. La Chabola de la Hechicera, Spain View
Iberian Neolithic individual, Spain Middle to Late Neolithic Spain 3400 BCE Barcelona. Cova de la Guineu, Spain View
Iberian Neolithic individual, Spain Middle to Late Neolithic Spain 4300 BCE Cádiz. San Fernando. Campo de Hockey, Spain View
Iberian Neolithic individual, Spain Middle to Late Neolithic Spain 3518 BCE Alicante. Alcoi. Llometes, Spain View
Iberian Neolithic individual, Spain Middle to Late Neolithic Spain 3400 BCE Barcelona. Cova de la Guineu, Spain View
Iberian Neolithic individual, Spain Middle to Late Neolithic Spain 4042 BCE Andalusia. Cádiz. San Fernando. Campo de Hockey, Spain View
Page 1
Sources

References

Scientific publications and genetic data that inform this profile.

G25 Coordinates

These coordinates represent a position in genetic space, a tool for comparison, not a conclusion. You can use these to perform custom admixture analysis in G25 Studio.

ELT002,0.12030796,0.16044796,0.03093402,-0.03146626,0.05736192,-0.0163768,-0.00187924,0.00612416,0.03723796,0.0644269,-0.00527142,0.0145316,-0.02569776,-0.0129642,-0.00553596,0.00386488,0.00586998,-0.00074714,-0.00091394,-0.00330846,0.0015991,0.00517826,-0.01205652,-0.01802482,0.00413033
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