A woman buried in Germany in the Middle Neolithic era

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Reference library / Sample profile

A woman buried in Germany in the Middle Neolithic era

Explore the recorded context, genetic comparisons and research behind this reference sample.

GermanyMiddle Neolithic Salzmuende Culture, Germany

A reference profile describes this sample. It does not establish a personal or family relationship.

View sample details Explore Shared Roots
AI portrait reconstruction for A woman buried in Germany in the Middle Neolithic era
AI-generated artistic reconstruction, not a photograph of the individual.
Record

Sample details

Recorded details and available lineage markers.

Individual

Salzmunde Schiepzig MN IA Salzmuende individual, Germany

Sample ID: I0800

Date Range

3348 BCE - 3097 BCE

Cultural Period

Middle Neolithic Salzmuende Culture, Germany

Biological Sex

Female

mtDNA Haplogroup

H3-b*

Y-DNA Haplogroup

Not available

Social Role

Farmer (AI estimate, era-typical)

Geography

Location

Where this individual was discovered

Country Germany
Locality Salzmünde-Schiepzig
Coordinates 51.5331, 11.8331
Chronology

Date range

When this individual lived in the broader context of human history

Salzmunde Schiepzig MN IA Salzmuende individual, Germany 3348 BCE - 3097 BCE
Context

Historical context

Background information associated with the reference record.

The Salzmuende Culture was a significant archaeological culture during the Middle Neolithic period, approximately dated between 3400 and 3000 BCE, which flourished in what is today the region of central Germany, particularly around the area of Salzmuende (Salzmünde in German) in the modern state of Saxony-Anhalt. This culture is part of the broader tapestry of Neolithic societies in Europe, characterized by their advancements in agriculture, settlement building, and social organization.

Geographic and Temporal Context

The Salzmuende Culture developed in the middle Neolithic era, following the earlier Linear Pottery Culture (LBK) and the Funnelbeaker culture (TRB), and was contemporaneous with the late phases of the Michelsberg culture and the Globular Amphora Culture to the east. Occupying the fertile plains along the river Saale and its tributaries, the Salzmuende Culture strategically positioned themselves in areas advantageous for agriculture, hunting, and trade.

Settlements

The settlements of the Salzmuende Culture were typically located on low river terraces, reflecting an understanding of optimal arable land use and water management. These settlements often consisted of tightly clustered groups of houses built from timber and wattle-and-daub construction, showcasing advanced building techniques with pitched roofs and delineated internal spaces. The community layout indicates a degree of social organization and communal living, as evidenced by shared facilities and storage structures.

Material Culture

The Salzmuende Culture is distinguished by its remarkable ceramic style. The pottery was intricately decorated, often featuring incised motifs and sometimes elaborately sculpted forms. The ceramics include various forms such as bowls, cups, and storage vessels, serving both utilitarian and possibly symbolic roles. Stone tools from this period include finely crafted flint blades and axes, indicative of specialized craft production and trade networks, as high-quality materials were often sourced from distant locations.

Subsistence and Economy

Agriculture formed the backbone of the Salzmuende subsistence strategy. The domestication of crops such as emmer wheat, einkorn wheat, barley, and pulses supported a sedentary lifestyle. Animal husbandry complemented their diet, with cattle, sheep, goats, and pigs being the primary domesticated animals, used for food, labor, and raw materials like wool and leather. There are also indications of hunting and fishing activities, which supplemented their diet and played a role in their cultural practices.

Social Structure and Burial Practices

Though much is still speculative regarding their social structure, there is evidence to suggest hierarchical elements within the Salzmuende culture, possibly headed by local chieftains or influential families. This is inferred from the burial practices observed in their cemeteries, which sometimes include richly furnished graves indicative of social stratification. The presence of grave goods such as jewelry, ornamented pottery, and tools suggests a belief system and social differentiation.

Religion and Rituals

The Salzmuende Culture likely practiced a form of animism or ancestor worship, as inferred from their burial rites and symbolic artifacts. The placement of communal and individual burial mounds suggests a belief in an afterlife or the importance of lineage and ancestry. Ritual deposits, including pottery and animal remains, have been discovered, hinting at ceremonial practices possibly tied to agricultural cycles or community events.

Interaction and Influence

The Salzmuende Culture was not isolated but interacted with neighboring cultures, as evidenced by shared pottery styles and artifact typologies. This cultural exchange suggests trade networks and the movement of peoples and ideas across Neolithic Europe. The influence of the Michelsberg Culture, for instance, is seen in certain aspects of Salzmuende material culture and settlement patterns.

Conclusion

The Middle Neolithic Salzmuende Culture represents a sophisticated and period-defining chapter in the prehistory of central Europe. Through their advanced agricultural practices, distinctive material culture, and social organization, they significantly contributed to the cultural landscape of the European Neolithic. Ongoing archaeological studies continue to shed light on their complex society, providing insights into the daily lives, beliefs, and interactions of Neolithic communities in this region of Germany.

Analysis

Genetic comparisons

These comparisons show genetic similarity, not identity or origin. The populations listed are those whose genomes show statistical alignment to this ancient individual.

Similarity reflects shared history, not shared identity. These are analytical comparisons, not claims about who this person was.

Modern Genetic Admixture

This analysis compares the DNA profile with present-day reference populations, showing statistical similarity to modern reference populations from different regions. The excavation site records where this individual was found, not a fixed modern genetic identity.

Europe 97.8%
Southern European 91.2%
Italian 34.4%
Sardinian 31.2%
Iberian 25.6%
Northwestern European 6.5%
Northwestern European 6.5%
Africa 2.2%
North African 2.2%
Egyptian 2.2%

Closest Modern Populations

These are the modern populations showing the closest statistical alignment to A woman buried in Germany in the Middle Neolithic era, ranked by genetic distance. Lower distance values indicate closer statistical similarity. Cross-region similarity can reflect shared ancestry, population movement, continuity, or later admixture.

1
Sardinian
3.0606
2
French Corsica
5.5510
3
Spanish La Rioja
5.7822
4
Spanish Castilla La Mancha
6.0737
5
Spanish Castello
6.1310
6
Spanish Pirineu
6.1614
7
Spanish Menorca
6.1817
8
Spanish Aragon
6.1934
9
Spanish Cantabria
6.2157
10
Spanish Murcia
6.2166
Context

Related Samples

This individual exists within a broader network of ancient samples. No ancient genome stands alone.

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Early C Tiszapolgar individual, Hungary Early Chalcolithic Tiszapolgár Culture, Hungary 4500 BCE Pusztataskony-Ledence I, Hungary View
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Late C Baden individual, Hungary Late Chalcolithic Baden Culture, Hungary 3370 BCE Budakalász-Luppa csárda, Hungary View
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MN AVK Szatmar individual, Hungary Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture Szatmár Group, Hungary 5500 BCE Mezőkövesd-Mocsolyás, Hungary View
European Neolithic individual, Hungary Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture, Hungary 5300 BCE Hajdúnánás-Eszlári út, Hungary View
LN Tisza individual, Hungary Late Neolithic Tisza Culture, Hungary 5000 BCE Hódmezővásárhely-Kökénydomb Vörös tanya, Hungary View
Balaton Lasinja individual, Hungary Chalcolithic Balaton-Lasinja Culture, Hungary 4341 BCE Veszprém Jutasi út, Hungary View
Early C Tiszapolgar individual, Hungary Early Chalcolithic Tiszapolgár Culture, Hungary 4500 BCE Pusztataskony-Ledence I, Hungary View
Halberstadt Sonntagsfeld EN LBK individual, Germany Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany 5211 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
Halberstadt Sonntagsfeld EN LBK individual, Germany Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany 5205 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
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LN Sopot individual, Hungary Late Neolithic Sopot Culture, Hungary 4932 BCE Szemely-Hegyes, Hungary View
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MN AVK Esztar individual, Hungary Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture Esztár Group, Hungary 5300 BCE Ebes-Sajtgyár, Hungary View
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MN AVK Tiszadob individual, Hungary Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture Tiszadob Group, Hungary 5300 BCE Tiszadob-Ó-Kenéz, Hungary View
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LN Lengyel individual, Hungary Late Neolithic Lengyel Culture, Hungary 4797 BCE Veszprém Jutasi út, Hungary View
LN Lengyel individual, Hungary Late Neolithic Lengyel Culture, Hungary 4900 BCE Veszprém Jutasi út, Hungary View
LN Lengyel individual, Hungary Late Neolithic Lengyel Culture, Hungary 4900 BCE Bátaszék-Lajvér, Hungary View
LN Lengyel individual, Hungary Late Neolithic Lengyel Culture, Hungary 4900 BCE Csabdi-Télizöldes, Hungary View
Balaton Lasinja individual, Hungary Chalcolithic Balaton-Lasinja Culture, Hungary 4300 BCE Keszthely-Fenékpuszta. Pusztaszentegyházi-dűlő, Hungary View
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Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain Chalcolithic Spain 3092 BCE Basque Country. Alava. La Chabola de la Hechicera, Spain View
MN AVK Szakalhat individual, Hungary Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture Szakálhát Group, Hungary 5300 BCE Cegléd. site 4/1, Hungary View
MN AVK Szakalhat individual, Hungary Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture Szakálhát Group, Hungary 5300 BCE Cegléd. site 4/1, Hungary View
MN AVK Szakalhat individual, Hungary Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture Szakálhát Group, Hungary 5300 BCE Cegléd. site 4/1, Hungary View
LN Tisza individual, Hungary Late Neolithic Tisza Culture, Hungary 5000 BCE Vésztő-Mágor, Hungary View
Late C Baden individual, Hungary Late Chalcolithic Baden Culture, Hungary 3600 BCE Balatonlelle-Felső-Gamász, Hungary View
Late C Baden individual, Hungary Late Chalcolithic Baden Culture, Hungary 3333 BCE Balatonlelle-Felső-Gamász, Hungary View
Late C Baden individual, Hungary Late Chalcolithic Baden Culture, Hungary 3338 BCE Balatonlelle-Felső-Gamász, Hungary View
Late C Baden individual, Hungary Late Chalcolithic Baden Culture, Hungary 3600 BCE Balatonlelle-Felső-Gamász, Hungary View
Late C Baden individual, Hungary Late Chalcolithic Baden Culture, Hungary 3363 BCE Vörs, Hungary View
MCHA Hunyadihalom individual, Hungary Middle Chalcolithic Hunyadihalom Culture, Hungary 4228 BCE Nemesnádudvar-Papföld. M9/7 lh., Hungary View
Late C Baden individual, Hungary Late Chalcolithic Baden Culture, Hungary 3600 BCE Vámosgyörk MHAT telep, Hungary View
Late C Protoboleraz individual, Hungary Late Chalcolithic Proto-Boleráz Culture, Hungary 3910 BCE Abony. Turjányos-dűlő, Hungary View
Late C Protoboleraz individual, Hungary Late Chalcolithic Proto-Boleráz Culture, Hungary 3800 BCE Abony. Turjányos-dűlő, Hungary View
EN HG Koros-o WHG individual, Hungary Early Neolithic Hunter-Gatherer Körös Culture, Hungary 5737 BCE Tiszaszőlős-Domaháza, Hungary View
EN Koros-o WHG individual, Hungary Early Neolithic Körös Culture, Hungary 6000 BCE Tiszaszőlős-Domaháza, Hungary View
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain Chalcolithic Spain 2900 BCE Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain View
EN Koros individual, Hungary Early Neolithic Körös Culture, Hungary 5713 BCE Törökszentmiklós. road 4. site 3, Hungary View
EN Starcevo-2 individual, Hungary Early Neolithic Starčevo Culture 2, Hungary 5800 BCE Lánycsók. Gata-Csatola, Hungary View
Halberstadt Sonntagsfeld N individual, Germany Neolithic Germany 4600 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
European Neolithic individual, Hungary Early Neolithic Körös Culture, Hungary 6000 BCE Törökszentmiklos Tiszapüspöki Karanycs haromag 3. lh., Hungary View
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain Chalcolithic Spain 3096 BCE Basque Country. Alava. Alto de la Huesera, Spain View
Iberian Neolithic individual, Spain Middle to Late Neolithic Spain 3606 BCE Basque Country. Alava. La Chabola de la Hechicera, Spain View
Chalcolithic Europe individual, Hungary Late Chalcolithic Proto-Boleráz Culture, Hungary 3768 BCE Abony. Turjányos-dűlő, Hungary View
European Chalcolithic individual, Hungary Chalcolithic Balaton-Lasinja Culture, Hungary 4334 BCE Enese elkerülő. Kóny. Proletár-dülö. M85. Site 2, Hungary View
Chalcolithic Cultures of Central Europe individual, Hungary Early Chalcolithic Tiszapolgár-Bodrogkeresztúr Culture, Hungary 4442 BCE Törökszentmiklós. road 4. site 3, Hungary View
European Chalcolithic individual, Hungary Late Chalcolithic Baden Culture, Hungary 3333 BCE Budakalász-Luppa csárda, Hungary View
Chalcolithic Europe individual, Hungary Late Chalcolithic Proto-Boleráz Culture, Hungary 3649 BCE Abony. Turjányos-dűlő, Hungary View
European Chalcolithic individual, Hungary Late Chalcolithic Baden Culture, Hungary 3340 BCE Budakalász-Luppa csárda, Hungary View
Neolithic European individual, Hungary Early Neolithic Starčevo Culture 2, Hungary 5713 BCE Alsonyek-Bataszek. Mérnöki telep, Hungary View
European Neolithic individual, Hungary Middle Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Hungary 5307 BCE Alsónyék-Bátaszék. site 11, Hungary View
Neolithic European individual, Hungary Early Neolithic Starčevo Culture 1, Hungary 5830 BCE Alsonyek-Bataszek. Mérnöki telep, Hungary View
Danubian Cultures individual, Hungary Middle Neolithic Vinča Culture, Hungary 5318 BCE Szederkény-Kukorica-dülö, Hungary View
European Neolithic individual, Hungary Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture, Hungary 5305 BCE Hajdúnánás-Eszlári út, Hungary View
European Neolithic individual, Hungary Late Neolithic Lengyel Culture, Hungary 4834 BCE Csabdi-Télizöldes, Hungary View
European Neolithic individual, Hungary Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture, Hungary 5300 BCE Polgár-Piócás, Hungary View
European Neolithic individual, Hungary Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture, Hungary 5217 BCE Hajdúnánás-Eszlári út, Hungary View
European Neolithic individual, Hungary Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture Szatmár Group, Hungary 5479 BCE Mezőkövesd-Mocsolyás, Hungary View
European Neolithic individual, Hungary Late Neolithic Lengyel Culture, Hungary 4900 BCE Felsőörs-Bárókert, Hungary View
European Neolithic individual, Hungary Late Neolithic Tisza Culture, Hungary 5000 BCE Hódmezővásárhely-Gorzsa. grave 4, Hungary View
European Neolithic individual, Hungary Middle Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Hungary 5300 BCE Enese elkerülő. Kóny. Proletár-dülö. M85. Site 2, Hungary View
European Neolithic individual, Germany Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany 5211 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
European Neolithic individual, Germany Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany 5210 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
European Neolithic individual, Germany Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany 5205 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
European Neolithic individual, Germany Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany 5500 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
European Neolithic individual, Germany Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany 5500 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
European Neolithic individual, Germany Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany 5210 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
European Neolithic individual, Germany Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany 5500 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
European Neolithic individual, Germany Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany 5215 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
European Neolithic individual, Germany Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany 5350 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
European Neolithic individual, Germany Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany 5500 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
European Neolithic individual, Germany Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany 5299 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
European Neolithic individual, Germany Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany 5210 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
European Neolithic individual, Germany Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany 5500 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
European Neolithic individual, Germany Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany 5211 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
European Neolithic individual, Germany Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany 5500 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
European Neolithic individual, Germany Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany 5500 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
European Neolithic individual, Germany Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany 5500 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
European Neolithic individual, Germany Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany 5299 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
Balkans Ln individual, Hungary 5000 BCE Hódmezővásárhely-Gorzsa. grave 4, Hungary View
Balkans En individual, Hungary 6000 BCE Törökszentmiklos Tiszapüspöki Karanycs haromag 3. lh., Hungary View
Starcevo individual, Hungary 5713 BCE Alsonyek-Bataszek. Mérnöki telep, Hungary View
Alfold Linear Pottery individual, Hungary 5217 BCE Hajdúnánás-Eszlári út, Hungary View
Lbk individual, Hungary 5300 BCE Enese elkerülő. Kóny. Proletár-dülö. M85. Site 2, Hungary View
Alfold Linear Pottery individual, Hungary 5479 BCE Mezőkövesd-Mocsolyás, Hungary View
Alfold Linear Pottery individual, Hungary 5300 BCE Polgár-Piócás, Hungary View
Lbk individual, Germany 5307 BCE Baden-Württemberg. Stuttgart-Mühlhausen. Viesenhaeuser Hof, Germany View
Lbk individual, Hungary 5307 BCE Alsónyék-Bátaszék. site 11, Hungary View
Balkans Lca individual, Hungary 3768 BCE Abony. Turjányos-dűlő, Hungary View
Balkans Lca individual, Hungary 3649 BCE Abony. Turjányos-dűlő, Hungary View
Balkans Ca individual, Hungary 4442 BCE Törökszentmiklós. road 4. site 3, Hungary View
Balkans N individual, Hungary 5318 BCE Szederkény-Kukorica-dülö, Hungary View
Lengyel individual, Hungary 4900 BCE Felsőörs-Bárókert, Hungary View
Lengyel individual, Hungary 4834 BCE Csabdi-Télizöldes, Hungary View
Balkans Ca individual, Hungary 4334 BCE Enese elkerülő. Kóny. Proletár-dülö. M85. Site 2, Hungary View
Starcevo individual, Hungary 5830 BCE Alsonyek-Bataszek. Mérnöki telep, Hungary View
Balkans Lca individual, Hungary 3340 BCE Budakalász-Luppa csárda, Hungary View
Balkans Lca individual, Hungary 3333 BCE Budakalász-Luppa csárda, Hungary View
Alfold Linear Pottery individual, Hungary 5305 BCE Hajdúnánás-Eszlári út, Hungary View
Lbk individual, Germany 5211 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
Lbk individual, Germany 5210 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
Lbk individual, Germany 5210 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
Lbk individual, Germany 5500 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
Lbk individual, Germany 5205 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
Lbk individual, Germany 5215 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
Lbk individual, Germany 5299 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
Lbk individual, Germany 5211 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
Lbk individual, Germany 5500 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
Lbk individual, Germany 5500 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
Lbk individual, Germany 5500 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
Lbk individual, Germany 5500 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
Lbk individual, Germany 5299 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
Lbk individual, Germany 5500 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
Lbk individual, Germany 5500 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
Lbk individual, Germany 5500 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
Lbk individual, Germany 5210 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
Lbk individual, Germany 5350 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
Iberia Mln individual, Spain 3606 BCE Basque Country. Alava. La Chabola de la Hechicera, Spain View
Iberia Ca individual, Spain 3096 BCE Basque Country. Alava. Alto de la Huesera, Spain View
Alfold Linear Pottery individual, Hungary 5300 BCE Pusztataskony Ledence 1, Hungary View
Balkans En individual, Hungary 6000 BCE Törökszentmiklos Tiszapüspöki Karanycs haromag 3. lh., Hungary View
Page 1
Individual Culture/Period Date Location Action
Salzmunde Schiepzig MN IA Salzmuende individual, Germany Middle Neolithic Salzmuende Culture, Germany 3400 BCE Salzmünde-Schiepzig, Germany View
Salzmunde Schiepzig MN IA Salzmuende individual, Germany Middle Neolithic Salzmuende Culture, Germany 3348 BCE Salzmünde-Schiepzig, Germany View
Salzmunde Schiepzig MN IA Salzmuende individual, Germany Middle Neolithic Salzmuende Culture, Germany 3400 BCE Salzmünde-Schiepzig, Germany View
Page 1
Sources

References

Scientific publications and genetic data that inform this profile.

G25 Coordinates

These coordinates represent a position in genetic space, a tool for comparison, not a conclusion. You can use these to perform custom admixture analysis in G25 Studio.

I0800,0.12037164,0.16054956,0.03049342,-0.03267694,0.05758216,-0.01693128,-0.00193556,0.00604392,0.03750708,0.06513398,-0.0053021,0.0145436,-0.02585472,-0.0131674,-0.00611348,0.00399368,0.00649346,-0.00061198,-0.00079918,-0.00339306,0.00140098,0.00505414,-0.01200228,-0.0182547,0.0042362
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