A man buried in Germany in the Middle Neolithic era

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Reference library / Sample profile

A man buried in Germany in the Middle Neolithic era

Explore the recorded context, genetic comparisons and research behind this reference sample.

GermanyMiddle Neolithic Salzmuende Culture, Germany

A reference profile describes this sample. It does not establish a personal or family relationship.

View sample details Explore Shared Roots
AI portrait reconstruction for A man buried in Germany in the Middle Neolithic era
AI-generated artistic reconstruction, not a photograph of the individual.
Record

Sample details

Recorded details and available lineage markers.

Individual

Salzmunde Schiepzig MN IA Salzmuende individual, Germany

Sample ID: I0551

Date Range

3400 BCE - 3025 BCE

Cultural Period

Middle Neolithic Salzmuende Culture, Germany

Biological Sex

Male

mtDNA Haplogroup

U3a1

Y-DNA Haplogroup

G-PF3146

Social Role

Farmer (AI estimate, era-typical)

Geography

Location

Where this individual was discovered

Country Germany
Locality Salzmünde-Schiepzig
Coordinates 51.5331, 11.8331
Chronology

Date range

When this individual lived in the broader context of human history

Salzmunde Schiepzig MN IA Salzmuende individual, Germany 3400 BCE - 3025 BCE
Context

Historical context

Background information associated with the reference record.

The Salzmuende Culture was a significant archaeological culture during the Middle Neolithic period, approximately dated between 3400 and 3000 BCE, which flourished in what is today the region of central Germany, particularly around the area of Salzmuende (Salzmünde in German) in the modern state of Saxony-Anhalt. This culture is part of the broader tapestry of Neolithic societies in Europe, characterized by their advancements in agriculture, settlement building, and social organization.

Geographic and Temporal Context

The Salzmuende Culture developed in the middle Neolithic era, following the earlier Linear Pottery Culture (LBK) and the Funnelbeaker culture (TRB), and was contemporaneous with the late phases of the Michelsberg culture and the Globular Amphora Culture to the east. Occupying the fertile plains along the river Saale and its tributaries, the Salzmuende Culture strategically positioned themselves in areas advantageous for agriculture, hunting, and trade.

Settlements

The settlements of the Salzmuende Culture were typically located on low river terraces, reflecting an understanding of optimal arable land use and water management. These settlements often consisted of tightly clustered groups of houses built from timber and wattle-and-daub construction, showcasing advanced building techniques with pitched roofs and delineated internal spaces. The community layout indicates a degree of social organization and communal living, as evidenced by shared facilities and storage structures.

Material Culture

The Salzmuende Culture is distinguished by its remarkable ceramic style. The pottery was intricately decorated, often featuring incised motifs and sometimes elaborately sculpted forms. The ceramics include various forms such as bowls, cups, and storage vessels, serving both utilitarian and possibly symbolic roles. Stone tools from this period include finely crafted flint blades and axes, indicative of specialized craft production and trade networks, as high-quality materials were often sourced from distant locations.

Subsistence and Economy

Agriculture formed the backbone of the Salzmuende subsistence strategy. The domestication of crops such as emmer wheat, einkorn wheat, barley, and pulses supported a sedentary lifestyle. Animal husbandry complemented their diet, with cattle, sheep, goats, and pigs being the primary domesticated animals, used for food, labor, and raw materials like wool and leather. There are also indications of hunting and fishing activities, which supplemented their diet and played a role in their cultural practices.

Social Structure and Burial Practices

Though much is still speculative regarding their social structure, there is evidence to suggest hierarchical elements within the Salzmuende culture, possibly headed by local chieftains or influential families. This is inferred from the burial practices observed in their cemeteries, which sometimes include richly furnished graves indicative of social stratification. The presence of grave goods such as jewelry, ornamented pottery, and tools suggests a belief system and social differentiation.

Religion and Rituals

The Salzmuende Culture likely practiced a form of animism or ancestor worship, as inferred from their burial rites and symbolic artifacts. The placement of communal and individual burial mounds suggests a belief in an afterlife or the importance of lineage and ancestry. Ritual deposits, including pottery and animal remains, have been discovered, hinting at ceremonial practices possibly tied to agricultural cycles or community events.

Interaction and Influence

The Salzmuende Culture was not isolated but interacted with neighboring cultures, as evidenced by shared pottery styles and artifact typologies. This cultural exchange suggests trade networks and the movement of peoples and ideas across Neolithic Europe. The influence of the Michelsberg Culture, for instance, is seen in certain aspects of Salzmuende material culture and settlement patterns.

Conclusion

The Middle Neolithic Salzmuende Culture represents a sophisticated and period-defining chapter in the prehistory of central Europe. Through their advanced agricultural practices, distinctive material culture, and social organization, they significantly contributed to the cultural landscape of the European Neolithic. Ongoing archaeological studies continue to shed light on their complex society, providing insights into the daily lives, beliefs, and interactions of Neolithic communities in this region of Germany.

Analysis

Genetic comparisons

These comparisons show genetic similarity, not identity or origin. The populations listed are those whose genomes show statistical alignment to this ancient individual.

Similarity reflects shared history, not shared identity. These are analytical comparisons, not claims about who this person was.

Modern Genetic Admixture

This analysis compares the DNA profile with present-day reference populations, showing statistical similarity to modern reference populations from different regions. The excavation site records where this individual was found, not a fixed modern genetic identity.

Europe 92.9%
Southern European 90.4%
Italian 30.3%
Iberian 28.9%
Sardinian 24.1%
Balkan 7.1%
Northwestern European 2.5%
Northwestern European 2.5%
Asia 7.1%
Northern West Asian 7.1%
Cypriot 7.1%

Closest Modern Populations

These are the modern populations showing the closest statistical alignment to A man buried in Germany in the Middle Neolithic era, ranked by genetic distance. Lower distance values indicate closer statistical similarity. Cross-region similarity can reflect shared ancestry, population movement, continuity, or later admixture.

1
Spanish La Rioja
4.4323
2
Sardinian
4.4396
3
Spanish Castilla La Mancha
4.7482
4
Spanish Pirineu
4.8360
5
Spanish Aragon
4.8477
6
Spanish Navarra
4.8545
7
Spanish Cantabria
4.8715
8
Spanish Castello
4.8716
9
Spanish Burgos
4.8722
10
Spanish Andalucia
4.9225
Context

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This individual exists within a broader network of ancient samples. No ancient genome stands alone.

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Indo-European individual, Germany Corded Ware Culture, Germany 2500 BCE Esperstedt, Germany View
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Anatolian Neolithic individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6008 BCE Menteşe, Turkey View
Anatolian Neolithic individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6400 BCE Menteşe, Turkey View
Anatolian Neolithic individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6400 BCE Menteşe, Turkey View
Anatolian Neolithic individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6381 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
Anatolian Neolithic individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6386 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
Anatolian Neolithic individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6217 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
Anatolian Neolithic individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6221 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
Anatolian Neolithic individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6228 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
Iberia Ca individual, Spain 2900 BCE Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain View
Poltavka individual, Russia 2887 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Sok River. Lopatino II, Russia View
Potapovka individual, Russia 2131 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara River. Utyevka VI, Russia View
Yamnaya individual, Russia 3020 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara River. Luzkhi I, Russia View
Iberia Hg individual, Spain 5982 BCE Leon. La Brana-Arintero, Spain View
Corded Ware individual, Germany 2500 BCE Esperstedt, Germany View
Balkans Lba individual, Hungary 987 BCE Ludas-Varjú dűlő, Hungary View
Ceu Lba individual, Germany 1202 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
Unetice individual, Germany 2116 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
Anatolia N individual, Turkey 6221 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
Anatolia N individual, Turkey 6386 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
Anatolia N individual, Turkey 6381 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
Anatolia N individual, Turkey 6217 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
Anatolia N individual, Turkey 6424 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
Anatolia N individual, Turkey 6400 BCE Menteşe, Turkey View
Anatolia N individual, Turkey 6400 BCE Menteşe, Turkey View
Anatolia N individual, Turkey 6228 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
Anatolia N individual, Turkey 6008 BCE Menteşe, Turkey View
Poltavka individual, Russia 2871 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Sok River. Grachevka, Russia View
Bell Beaker individual, Germany 2404 BCE Rothenschirmbach, Germany View
Page 1
Individual Culture/Period Date Location Action
Salzmunde Schiepzig MN IA Salzmuende individual, Germany Middle Neolithic Salzmuende Culture, Germany 3400 BCE Salzmünde-Schiepzig, Germany View
Salzmunde Schiepzig MN IA Salzmuende individual, Germany Middle Neolithic Salzmuende Culture, Germany 3348 BCE Salzmünde-Schiepzig, Germany View
Salzmunde Schiepzig MN IA Salzmuende individual, Germany Middle Neolithic Salzmuende Culture, Germany 3400 BCE Salzmünde-Schiepzig, Germany View
Page 1
Sources

References

Scientific publications and genetic data that inform this profile.

G25 Coordinates

These coordinates represent a position in genetic space, a tool for comparison, not a conclusion. You can use these to perform custom admixture analysis in G25 Studio.

I0551,0.11823018,0.15941776,0.0353273,-0.02332754,0.05641362,-0.0127558,-0.00196058,0.00656004,0.03601118,0.05894292,-0.00619018,0.01392268,-0.0243923,-0.01147316,-0.00118432,0.0030816,-0.00011102,-0.00139772,-0.00178426,-0.0026149,0.0029497,0.00530584,-0.01146486,-0.016806,0.00402897
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