A man buried in Italy in the era

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Reference library / Sample profile

A man buried in Italy in the era

Explore the recorded context, genetic comparisons and research behind this reference sample.

ItalyEarly Medieval Sardinia

A reference profile describes this sample. It does not establish a personal or family relationship.

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AI portrait reconstruction for A man buried in Italy in the era
AI-generated artistic reconstruction, not a photograph of the individual.
Record

Sample details

Recorded details and available lineage markers.

Individual

Sardinia Ema individual, Italy

Sample ID: I12221

Date Range

892 CE - 994 CE

Cultural Period

Early Medieval Sardinia

Biological Sex

Male

mtDNA Haplogroup

U5a2b3

Y-DNA Haplogroup

E-M34

Social Role

Farmer (AI estimate, era-typical)

Geography

Location

Where this individual was discovered

Country Italy
Locality Sardinia. Sant'Elia Cape. Grotta Colombi

A location map is not available for this record.

Chronology

Date range

When this individual lived in the broader context of human history

Sardinia Ema individual, Italy 892 CE - 994 CE
Context

Historical context

Background information associated with the reference record.

The Early Medieval era in Sardinia, also known as the Dark Ages, was a time of great cultural, geographical, and historical significance on the island. This period, which lasted from the 5th to the 11th century AD, was characterized by the decline of the Roman Empire and the rise of various Germanic tribes and kingdoms in Europe.

During this time, Sardinia experienced a mix of cultures and influences, including Roman, Byzantine, and Arab, making it a diverse and vibrant place. The island was also strategically located in the Mediterranean, making it a key trading hub and a target for conquest by various powers.

Geographically, Sardinia is a beautiful island located in the Mediterranean Sea, known for its rugged coastline, crystal-clear waters, and stunning natural landscapes. The island's diverse terrain, which includes mountains, forests, and fertile plains, made it an ideal location for settlement and agriculture.

In terms of time and place, the Early Medieval era in Sardinia was a time of great change and upheaval. The island was constantly being invaded and conquered by various powers, including the Vandals, the Byzantines, and the Arabs. These conquests led to the spread of new ideas, technologies, and cultures, shaping the island's identity and history.

Overall, the Early Medieval era in Sardinia was a fascinating and dynamic period in the island's history, filled with cultural, geographical, and historical significance. It was a time of great change and transformation, as Sardinia evolved and adapted to the shifting political and cultural landscape of the Mediterranean world.

Analysis

Genetic comparisons

These comparisons show genetic similarity, not identity or origin. The populations listed are those whose genomes show statistical alignment to this ancient individual.

Similarity reflects shared history, not shared identity. These are analytical comparisons, not claims about who this person was.

Modern Genetic Admixture

This analysis compares the DNA profile with present-day reference populations, showing statistical similarity to modern reference populations from different regions. The excavation site records where this individual was found, not a fixed modern genetic identity.

Europe 69.6%
Northwestern European 38.1%
Scandinavian 29.3%
English 7.7%
Northwestern European 1.1%
Southern European 31.5%
Iberian 14.6%
Sardinian 9.5%
Italian 7.4%
Asia 28.4%
Northern West Asian 27.3%
Mesopotamian 23.4%
Cypriot 3.9%
Central Asian, Northern Indian & Pakistani 1.2%
Pakistan 1.2%
Africa 2.0%
Northern East African 2.0%
Eastern African 2.0%

Closest Modern Populations

These are the modern populations showing the closest statistical alignment to A man buried in Italy in the era, ranked by genetic distance. Lower distance values indicate closer statistical similarity. Cross-region similarity can reflect shared ancestry, population movement, continuity, or later admixture.

1
Italian Emilia
2.5312
2
Swiss Italian
2.6022
3
Italian Tuscany
2.7609
4
Italian Piedmont
2.7964
5
Italian Liguria
3.0671
6
Italian Umbria
3.2160
7
Italian Marche
3.2951
8
Italian Veneto
3.3366
9
French Corsica
3.3999
10
Italian Lombardy
3.4443
Context

Related Samples

This individual exists within a broader network of ancient samples. No ancient genome stands alone.

Individual Culture/Period Date Location Action
Sardinia LBA individual, Italy Late Bronze Age Sardinia, Italy 1121 BCE Sardinia. Alghero, Italy View
Sicily LBA IA a Punic individual, Italy Late Bronze Age Sicily, Italy 1107 BCE Sicily. Marcita, Italy View
Sardinia LBA individual, Italy Late Bronze Age Sardinia, Italy 1221 BCE Sardinia. Persasdefogu, Italy View
Sardinia EBA individual, Italy Early Bronze Age Sardinia, Italy 2136 BCE Sardinia. Seulo, Italy View
Sicily MBA-3 individual, Italy Middle Bronze Age Sicily, Italy 1618 BCE Sicily. Buffa, Italy View
Sicily EBA individual, Italy Early Bronze Age Sicily 2272 BCE Sicily. Buffa, Italy View
Ancient Mediterranean Civilizations individual, Italy Early Bronze Age Sicily 2287 BCE Sicily. Buffa, Italy View
Sicily EBA individual, Italy Early Bronze Age Sicily 1949 BCE Sicily. Buffa, Italy View
Ancient Mediterranean Civilizations individual, Italy Middle Bronze Age Sicily, Italy 1612 BCE Sicily. Buffa, Italy View
Sicily MN individual, Italy Middle Neolithic Sicily 4984 BCE Sicily. Fossato di Stretto Partana, Italy View
Sicily MN individual, Italy Middle Neolithic Sicily 4988 BCE Sicily. Fossato di Stretto Partana, Italy View
Sicily MN individual, Italy Middle Neolithic Sicily 4987 BCE Sicily. Fossato di Stretto Partana, Italy View
EBA individual, Spain Mallorcan EBA 2468 BCE Balearic Islands. Mallorca. Cova des Moro, Spain View
Sardinia LBA individual, Italy Late Bronze Age Sardinia, Italy 1150 BCE Sardinia. Alghero, Italy View
Sardinia IA Nuragic-1 individual, Italy Iron Age 1 Sardinia, Italy 389 BCE Sardinia. Usellus, Italy View
Sicily EBA individual, Italy Early Bronze Age Sicily 2276 BCE Sicily. Buffa, Italy View
Sicily EBA-2 individual, Italy Early Bronze Age Sicily 2872 BCE Sicily. Buffa, Italy View
Western Mediterranean individual, Spain Middle Bronze Age Formentera, Spain 1879 BCE Balearic Islands. Formentera. Cova 127, Spain View
Sicily EBA individual, Italy Early Bronze Age Sicily 1880 BCE Sicily. Contrada Paolina. Castellucciana, Italy View
Sicily EBA individual, Italy Early Bronze Age Sicily 2127 BCE Sicily. Contrada Paolina. Castellucciana, Italy View
Sicily EBA individual, Italy Early Bronze Age Sicily 2195 BCE Sicily. Contrada Paolina. Castellucciana, Italy View
Sicily EBA-1 individual, Italy Early Bronze Age Sicily 2399 BCE Sicily. Isnello, Italy View
Sicily LBA individual, Italy Late Bronze Age Sicily, Italy 1400 BCE Sicily. Marcita, Italy View
Sicily LBA individual, Italy Late Bronze Age Sicily, Italy 1377 BCE Sicily. Marcita, Italy View
Sicily LBA individual, Italy Late Bronze Age Sicily, Italy 1400 BCE Sicily. Marcita, Italy View
Sicily MN individual, Italy Middle Neolithic Sicily 4841 BCE Sicily. Fossato di Stretto Partana, Italy View
Sardinia LBA individual, Italy Late Bronze Age Sardinia, Italy 1261 BCE Sardinia. Perdasdefogu, Italy View
Sardinia LBA individual, Italy Late Bronze Age Sardinia, Italy 1386 BCE Sardinia. Perdasdefogu, Italy View
Sardinia LBA individual, Italy Late Bronze Age Sardinia, Italy 1255 BCE Sardinia. Perdasdefogu, Italy View
Sicily LBA individual, Italy Late Bronze Age Sicily, Italy 1382 BCE Sicily. Marcita, Italy View
Sardinia Monte Claro individual, Italy Chalcolithic Monte Claro Culture, Sardinia, Italy 2454 BCE Sardinia. Serra Cabriles, Italy View
Sardinia Monte Claro individual, Italy Chalcolithic Monte Claro Culture, Sardinia, Italy 2464 BCE Sardinia. Serra Cabriles, Italy View
Sardinia Monte Claro individual, Italy Chalcolithic Monte Claro Culture, Sardinia, Italy 2191 BCE Sardinia. Serra Cabriles, Italy View
Sicily EBA individual, Italy Early Bronze Age Sicily 2017 BCE Sicily. Contrada Paolina. Castellucciana, Italy View
Sardinia N individual, Italy Neolithic Sardinia, Italy 3787 BCE Sardinia. Sa Ucca de su Tintirriolu, Italy View
Sardinia IA-2 individual, Italy Iron Age 2 Sardinia, Italy 757 BCE Sardinia. Anghelu Ruju, Italy View
Sardinia N individual, Italy Neolithic Sardinia, Italy 3346 BCE Sardinia. Anghelu Ruju, Italy View
Sardinia N individual, Italy Neolithic Sardinia, Italy 3949 BCE Sardinia. Anghelu Ruju, Italy View
Sardinia N individual, Italy Neolithic Sardinia, Italy 3941 BCE Sardinia. Sa Ucca de su Tintirriolu, Italy View
Sardinia N individual, Italy Chalcolithic Sardinia, Italy 2334 BCE Sardinia. Anghelu Ruju, Italy View
Sardinia individual, Italy Chalcolithic Sardinia, Italy 2571 BCE Sardinia. Sa Ucca de su Tintirriolu, Italy View
Sardinia N individual, Italy Chalcolithic Sardinia, Italy 2343 BCE Sardinia. Anghelu Ruju, Italy View
Mediterranean Neolithic individual, Italy Neolithic Sardinia, Italy 4200 BCE Sardinia. Anghelu Ruju, Italy View
Sardinia N individual, Italy Chalcolithic Sardinia, Italy 2459 BCE Sardinia. Anghelu Ruju, Italy View
Sardinia N individual, Italy Neolithic Sardinia, Italy 3967 BCE Sardinia. Anghelu Ruju, Italy View
Sardinia N individual, Italy Neolithic Sardinia, Italy 4158 BCE Sardinia. Anghelu Ruju, Italy View
Sardinia MBA individual, Italy Middle Bronze Age Sardinia, Italy 1800 BCE Sardinia. Anghelu Ruju, Italy View
Sicily EBA individual, Italy Early Bronze Age Sicily 2200 BCE Sicily. Contrada Paolina. Castellucciana, Italy View
Sardinia Anghelu Ruju MBA individual, Italy Middle Bronze Age Sardinia, Italy 1534 BCE Sardinia. Anghelu Ruju, Italy View
Ancient Mediterranean Civilizations individual, Italy Early Bronze Age Sicily 2600 BCE Sicily. Vallone Inferno, Italy View
Sardinia Tuscia Umbria Late Antiquity Imperial Roman individual, Italy Late Antique Sardinia, Italy 257 CE Sardinia. Sant'Elia Cape. Grotta Colombi, Italy View
Sardinia N individual, Italy Neolithic Sardinia, Italy 4200 BCE Sardinia. Anghelu Ruju, Italy View
Talayotic Culture individual, Spain Late Bronze Age Menorca, Spain 904 BCE Balearic Islands. Menorca. Naveta des Tudons, Spain View
Mediterranean Prehistoric Cultures individual, Italy Chalcolithic Monte Claro Culture, Sardinia, Italy 2200 BCE Sardinia. Serra Cabriles, Italy View
Nuragic Civilization individual, Italy Middle Bronze Age Sardinia, Italy 1491 BCE Sardinia. Anghelu Ruju, Italy View
Nuragic Civilization individual, Italy Middle Bronze Age Sardinia, Italy 1663 BCE Sardinia. Seulo, Italy View
Mediterranean Prehistoric Cultures individual, Italy Chalcolithic Sardinia, Italy 2397 BCE Sardinia. Anghelu Ruju, Italy View
Byzantine Empire individual, Italy Late Antique Sardinia, Italy 607 CE Sardinia. Sant'Elia Cape. Grotta Colombi, Italy View
Mediterranean Neolithic individual, Italy Neolithic Sardinia, Italy 3936 BCE Sardinia. Anghelu Ruju, Italy View
Byzantine Empire individual, Italy Early Medieval Sardinia, Italy 892 CE Sardinia. Sant'Elia Cape. Grotta Colombi, Italy View
Nuragic Civilization individual, Italy Late Bronze Age Sardinia, Italy 1369 BCE Sardinia. Anulù Seui, Italy View
European Bronze Age individual, Italy Bell Beaker Culture Sicily, Italy 2500 BCE Sicily. Salaputra. Partanna. Pergole 2, Italy View
Sardinia Neolithic individual, Italy 4200 BCE Sardinia. Anghelu Ruju, Italy View
Menorca Lba individual, Spain 904 BCE Balearic Islands. Menorca. Naveta des Tudons, Spain View
Sardinia Nuragic individual, Italy 1663 BCE Sardinia. Seulo, Italy View
Formentera Mba individual, Spain 1879 BCE Balearic Islands. Formentera. Cova 127, Spain View
Bell Beaker individual, Italy 2500 BCE Sicily. Salaputra. Partanna. Pergole 2, Italy View
Sardinia Ch individual, Italy 2200 BCE Sardinia. Serra Cabriles, Italy View
Sardinia Nuragic individual, Italy 1491 BCE Sardinia. Anghelu Ruju, Italy View
Sardinia Neolithic individual, Italy 3936 BCE Sardinia. Anghelu Ruju, Italy View
Sardinia Ch individual, Italy 2397 BCE Sardinia. Anghelu Ruju, Italy View
Sardinia Ema individual, Italy 892 CE Sardinia. Sant'Elia Cape. Grotta Colombi, Italy View
Sardinia La individual, Italy 607 CE Sardinia. Sant'Elia Cape. Grotta Colombi, Italy View
Sardinia Nuragic individual, Italy 1369 BCE Sardinia. Anulù Seui, Italy View
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Individual Culture/Period Date Location Action
Sardinia Ema individual, Italy 892 CE Sardinia. Sant'Elia Cape. Grotta Colombi, Italy View
Page 1
Sources

References

Scientific publications and genetic data that inform this profile.

G25 Coordinates

These coordinates represent a position in genetic space, a tool for comparison, not a conclusion. You can use these to perform custom admixture analysis in G25 Studio.

I12221,0.10398374,0.13719668,0.0163587,-0.01222436,0.02784302,-0.00372308,-0.00020332,0.00283236,0.0117155,0.01709618,-0.00487254,0.00869632,-0.01016718,-0.00671428,0.00215296,-0.00038426,0.00612644,-0.0008252,-0.00152676,0.00034982,0.00401704,0.00295168,-0.00184956,-0.0046079,7.133E-05
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