Ancient Iberian DNA Analysis

Your Ancient Iberian Heritage

Name: DNAGENICS DNA Analysis Platform
Rating: 4.4 (96 reviews)
Author: DNAGENICS

(ZUWQNA) Iberian

Ancient Iberian Index 84%

UMAP Cluster Assignment Other 57% confidence

Visigothic Period Granada, Spain - Spain - Granada. Montefrío. El Castillón portrait

Closest Match

Roman/Medieval

I3579

Granada. Montefrío. El Castillón, Spain

Your closest genetic match from our Iberian reference database. This individual lived approximately 1,626 years ago in what is now Spain. This connection suggests potential ancestral links to Roman/Medieval Iberian communities.

400 CE - 600 CE

Male

Full Profile

How Your 84% Index Was Calculated Full breakdown

Segment Matching 40% weight

91%

Direct DNA segments shared with ancient individuals, the strongest evidence of connection.

ADMIXTURE Distance 25% weight

70%

How closely your ancestry composition matches Iberian populations.

UMAP Clustering 20% weight

81%

Whether your DNA clusters near ancient Iberians in genetic space.

Monte Carlo 15% weight

91%

Statistical modeling of your best-fit ancestral mixture.

Top Connections

Your Closest Iberian Ancestors

Beyond your #1 match, these ancient Iberians share the strongest genetic connections with you.

#2 Asturian Chalcolithic Culture

NEO649

Spain , El Toral-3 (Principado de Asturias, Asturias, Llanes)

2402 BCE ~4,428 years ago

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#3 Bronze Age Spain

esp005

Spain , La Rioja. Cueva de los Lagos

1600 BCE ~3,626 years ago

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#4 Greek Period Spain

I8344

Spain , Girona. Empuries. necropolis Centre de Visitants

500 BCE ~2,526 years ago

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#5 The Argaric Culture of Southeast Iberia

MMI004

Spain , Murcia. Lorca. Madre Mercedarias Iglesias

2000 BCE ~4,026 years ago

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#6 Late Roman Miroico, Portugal

R10500

Portugal , Cascais. Miroiço

250 CE ~1,776 years ago

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#7 Iron Age Spain

I12641

Spain , Barcelona. Can Roqueta-Can Revella

786 BCE ~2,812 years ago

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#8 Visigothic Period Barcelona, Spain

I3776

Spain , Barcelona. Roda de Ter. L'Esquerda

600 CE ~1,426 years ago

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#9 Medieval Spain

I10897

Spain , Catalonia. Girona. Sant Julià de Ramis

1040 CE ~986 years ago

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Geographic Origins

Where Your Ancient Matches Lived

Explore the archaeological sites across the Iberian Peninsula where your genetic matches were discovered.

Show all Iberian reference samples 10 locations

Legend

Your Matches

Reference Samples

Geographic Insight: Your matches span across 2 countries and 9 distinct archaeological sites. Click on any marker to learn more about that ancient individual.

Database

Sample Explorer

Browse, search, and filter 10 ancient individuals in your similarity matches. Use the toggle below to view all reference samples. Click on any row to view detailed information.

10 matched samples

Sample	Location	Era	Date	Haplogroups
ALM003 Ancient Iberian Cultures Reference	Spain Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya	The Argaric Culture of Spain	2000 BCE ~4,026 yrs ago	X2b+226
ALM004 Ancient Iberian Cultures Reference	Spain Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya	The Argaric Culture of Spain	2000 BCE ~4,026 yrs ago	U5a1
ALM006 Ancient Iberian Cultures Reference	Spain Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya	The Argaric Culture of Spain	1919 BCE ~3,945 yrs ago	H R1b1a1b1a1a2a1
ALM007 Ancient Iberian Cultures Reference	Spain Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya	The Argaric Culture of Spain	2000 BCE ~4,026 yrs ago	H1 R1b1a1b1a1a2
ALM008 Ancient Iberian Cultures Reference	Spain Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya	The Argaric Culture of Spain	2000 BCE ~4,026 yrs ago	V
ALM014 Ancient Iberian Cultures Reference	Spain Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya	The Argaric Culture of Spain	2000 BCE ~4,026 yrs ago	U5b1+16189 R1b1a1b1a1a2a1
ALM017 Ancient Iberian Cultures Reference	Spain Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya	The Argaric Culture of Spain	1882 BCE ~3,908 yrs ago	T2b21 R1b1a1b1a1a2a1
ALM018 Ancient Iberian Cultures Reference	Spain Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya	The Argaric Culture of Spain	2000 BCE ~4,026 yrs ago	R0a
ALM020 Ancient Iberian Cultures Reference	Spain Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya	The Argaric Culture of Spain	2000 BCE ~4,026 yrs ago	K1a3a R1b1a1b1a1a2a1
ALM021 Ancient Iberian Cultures Reference	Spain Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya	The Argaric Culture of Spain	2000 BCE ~4,026 yrs ago	U5b3
ALM024 Ancient Iberian Cultures Reference	Spain Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya	The Argaric Culture of Spain	2000 BCE ~4,026 yrs ago	J1c1
ALM025 Ancient Iberian Cultures Reference	Spain Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya	The Argaric Culture of Spain	2000 BCE ~4,026 yrs ago	H3 R1b1a1b1a1a2
ALM026 Ancient Iberian Cultures Reference	Spain Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya	The Argaric Culture of Spain	2000 BCE ~4,026 yrs ago	K1a1b1
ALM027 Ancient Iberian Cultures Reference	Spain Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya	The Argaric Culture of Spain	2000 BCE ~4,026 yrs ago	K1a3a
ALM029 Ancient Iberian Cultures Reference	Spain Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya	The Argaric Culture of Spain	2000 BCE ~4,026 yrs ago	H1bd
ALM030 Ancient Iberian Cultures Reference	Spain Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya	The Argaric Culture of Spain	2000 BCE ~4,026 yrs ago	H1
ALM031 Ancient Iberian Cultures Reference	Spain Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya	The Argaric Culture of Spain	1750 BCE ~3,776 yrs ago	J2b1a
ALM032 Ancient Iberian Cultures Reference	Spain Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya	The Argaric Culture of Spain	1750 BCE ~3,776 yrs ago	T2b3+151 R1b1a1b1a1a2a1
ALM034 Ancient Iberian Cultures Reference	Spain Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya	The Argaric Culture of Spain	1954 BCE ~3,980 yrs ago	K1a+195 R1b1a1b1a1a2a1
ALM035 Ancient Iberian Cultures Reference	Spain Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya	The Argaric Culture of Spain	2000 BCE ~4,026 yrs ago	K1a+195
ALM036 Ancient Iberian Cultures Reference	Spain Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya	The Argaric Culture of Spain	2000 BCE ~4,026 yrs ago	U5b3 R1b1a1b1a1a2a1
ALM039 Ancient Iberian Cultures Reference	Spain Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya	The Argaric Culture of Spain	1739 BCE ~3,765 yrs ago	J1c2 R1b1a1b1a1a2a1
ALM040 Ancient Iberian Cultures Reference	Spain Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya	The Argaric Culture of Spain	2012 BCE ~4,038 yrs ago	U5b2b3a R1b1a1b1a1a2
ALM041 Ancient Iberian Cultures Reference	Spain Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya	The Argaric Culture of Spain	1944 BCE ~3,970 yrs ago	H1e1a R1b1a1b1a1a2a1b
ALM042 Ancient Iberian Cultures Reference	Spain Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya	The Argaric Culture of Spain	2000 BCE ~4,026 yrs ago	H4a1a
ALM043 Ancient Iberian Cultures Reference	Spain Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya	The Argaric Culture of Spain	1882 BCE ~3,908 yrs ago	H1
ALM044 Ancient Iberian Cultures Reference	Spain Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya	The Argaric Culture of Spain	1896 BCE ~3,922 yrs ago	H3
ALM046 Ancient Iberian Cultures Reference	Spain Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya	The Argaric Culture of Spain	1883 BCE ~3,909 yrs ago	T2+16189 R1b1a1b1a1
ALM047 Ancient Iberian Cultures Reference	Spain Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya	The Argaric Culture of Spain	2000 BCE ~4,026 yrs ago	H6a1b R1b1a1b1a1a2
ALM048 Ancient Iberian Cultures Reference	Spain Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya	The Argaric Culture of Spain	2000 BCE ~4,026 yrs ago	K1a
ALM049 Ancient Iberian Cultures Reference	Spain Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya	The Argaric Culture of Spain	2000 BCE ~4,026 yrs ago	H1 R1b1a1b1a1
ALM050 Ancient Iberian Cultures Reference	Spain Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya	The Argaric Culture of Spain	2000 BCE ~4,026 yrs ago	H3 R1b1a1b1a1a2a1
ALM051 Ancient Iberian Cultures Reference	Spain Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya	The Argaric Culture of Spain	2000 BCE ~4,026 yrs ago	V
ALM052 Ancient Iberian Cultures Reference	Spain Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya	The Argaric Culture of Spain	1884 BCE ~3,910 yrs ago	K1a4a1 R1b1a1b1a1a2a1
ALM053 Ancient Iberian Cultures Reference	Spain Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya	The Argaric Culture of Spain	1750 BCE ~3,776 yrs ago	H1
ALM055 Ancient Iberian Cultures Reference	Spain Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya	The Argaric Culture of Spain	2000 BCE ~4,026 yrs ago	K1a4a1e
ALM057 Ancient Iberian Cultures Reference	Spain Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya	The Argaric Culture of Spain	1874 BCE ~3,900 yrs ago	H1 R1b1a1b1a1a
ALM058 Ancient Iberian Cultures Reference	Spain Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya	The Argaric Culture of Spain	2000 BCE ~4,026 yrs ago	U5b1f1 R1b1a1b1a1a2a1
ALM060 Ancient Iberian Cultures Reference	Spain Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya	The Argaric Culture of Spain	1878 BCE ~3,904 yrs ago	U5a1+@16192
ALM062 Ancient Iberian Cultures Reference	Spain Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya	The Argaric Culture of Spain	2000 BCE ~4,026 yrs ago	H1j
ALM063 Ancient Iberian Cultures Reference	Spain Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya	The Argaric Culture of Spain	1750 BCE ~3,776 yrs ago	K1a+195 R1b1a1b1a1a2a1
ALM064 Ancient Iberian Cultures Reference	Spain Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya	The Argaric Culture of Spain	2000 BCE ~4,026 yrs ago	H1cf R1b1a1b1a1a2a1
ALM067 Ancient Iberian Cultures Reference	Spain Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya	The Argaric Culture of Spain	1750 BCE ~3,776 yrs ago	U5b1f1a
ALM068 Ancient Iberian Cultures Reference	Spain Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya	The Argaric Culture of Spain	1750 BCE ~3,776 yrs ago	K1a4b
ALM069 Ancient Iberian Cultures Reference	Spain Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya	The Argaric Culture of Spain	1750 BCE ~3,776 yrs ago	H1q1 R1b1a1b1a1a2
ALM070 Ancient Iberian Cultures Reference	Spain Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya	The Argaric Culture of Spain	1750 BCE ~3,776 yrs ago	K1a1b1 R1b1a1b1a1a2a1
ALM071 Ancient Iberian Cultures Reference	Spain Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya	The Argaric Culture of Spain	2000 BCE ~4,026 yrs ago	K1a1b1
ALM073 Ancient Iberian Cultures Reference	Spain Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya	The Argaric Culture of Spain	1889 BCE ~3,915 yrs ago	H1j
ALM075 Ancient Iberian Cultures Reference	Spain Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya	The Argaric Culture of Spain	2000 BCE ~4,026 yrs ago	U5b1e
ALM076 Ancient Iberian Cultures Reference	Spain Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya	The Argaric Culture of Spain	2000 BCE ~4,026 yrs ago	H1+16189
ALM077 Ancient Iberian Cultures Reference	Spain Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya	The Argaric Culture of Spain	2000 BCE ~4,026 yrs ago	K1a4b
ALM078 Ancient Iberian Cultures Reference	Spain Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya	The Argaric Culture of Spain	1750 BCE ~3,776 yrs ago	K1a R1b1a1b1a1a2
ALM079 Ancient Iberian Cultures Reference	Spain Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya	The Argaric Culture of Spain	2000 BCE ~4,026 yrs ago
ALM080 Ancient Iberian Cultures Reference	Spain Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya	The Argaric Culture of Spain	1750 BCE ~3,776 yrs ago	U5b3 R1b1a1b1a1a2
ALM081 Ancient Iberian Cultures Reference	Spain Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya	The Argaric Culture of Spain	2000 BCE ~4,026 yrs ago	U5b3 R1b1a1b1a1a2a1
ALM084 Ancient Iberian Cultures Reference	Spain Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya	The Argaric Culture of Spain	1750 BCE ~3,776 yrs ago	K2a
ALM086 Ancient Iberian Cultures Reference	Spain Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya	The Argaric Culture of Spain	1932 BCE ~3,958 yrs ago	U5b1f1
ALM087 Ancient Iberian Cultures Reference	Spain Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya	The Argaric Culture of Spain	2000 BCE ~4,026 yrs ago	X2
ALM088 Ancient Iberian Cultures Reference	Spain Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya	The Argaric Culture of Spain	1750 BCE ~3,776 yrs ago	V
AMI001 Pre-Neolithic Iberian Reference	Spain Ḥou Amieva (Llanes, Spain)	Iberian Mesolithic Culture	6849 BCE ~8,875 yrs ago	U5b1
AMI002 Pre-Neolithic Iberian Reference	Spain Ḥou Amieva (Llanes, Spain)	Iberian Mesolithic Culture	5306 BCE ~7,332 yrs ago	U5a2a
atp002 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Atapuerca. El Portalón	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE ~4,926 yrs ago	U5b3 H2-P96
atp005 Western European Neolithic Reference	Spain Atapuerca. El Portalón	Early Neolithic Spain	5214 BCE ~7,240 yrs ago	J2b1a G-PF3146
atp016 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Atapuerca. El Portalón	Chalcolithic Spain	3265 BCE ~5,291 yrs ago	H3c3
atp12-1420 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Atapuerca. El Portalón	Chalcolithic Spain	3011 BCE ~5,037 yrs ago	I2-M223
ATP17 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain El Portalon Cave. Sierra de Atapuerca	Chalcolithic Spain	3008 BCE ~5,034 yrs ago	H3 I-M223
ATP20 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain El Portalon Cave. Sierra de Atapuerca	Chalcolithic Spain	2291 BCE ~4,317 yrs ago	U5a1c
ATP3 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain El Portalon Cave. Sierra de Atapuerca	Chalcolithic Spain	3516 BCE ~5,542 yrs ago	R-M173
ATP7 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain El Portalon Cave. Sierra de Atapuerca	Chalcolithic Spain	3345 BCE ~5,371 yrs ago
ATP9 Iberian Reference	Spain El Portalon Cave. Sierra de Atapuerca	Bronze Age Spain	1863 BCE ~3,889 yrs ago	U5b1b
BAS002 Ancient Iberian Cultures Reference	Spain Murcia. Totana. La Bastida	The Argaric Culture of Spain	1620 BCE ~3,646 yrs ago	H1e1a R1b1a1b1a1a2
BAS003 Ancient Iberian Cultures Reference	Spain Murcia. Totana. La Bastida	The Argaric Culture of Spain	2023 BCE ~4,049 yrs ago	H1
BAS017 Ancient Iberian Cultures Reference	Spain Murcia. Totana. La Bastida	The Argaric Culture of Spain	1871 BCE ~3,897 yrs ago	U5b1
BAS018 Ancient Iberian Cultures Reference	Spain Murcia. Totana. La Bastida	The Argaric Culture of Spain	1865 BCE ~3,891 yrs ago	U5b1 R1b1a1b1a1a2
BAS022 Ancient Iberian Cultures Reference	Spain Murcia. Totana. La Bastida	The Argaric Culture of Spain	1750 BCE ~3,776 yrs ago	K1a+195 R1b1a1b1a1a2
BAS023 Ancient Iberian Cultures Reference	Spain Murcia. Totana. La Bastida	The Argaric Culture of Spain	2130 BCE ~4,156 yrs ago	U5b2b3 R1b1a1b1a1a2
BAS024 Ancient Iberian Cultures Reference	Spain Murcia. Totana. La Bastida	The Argaric Culture of Spain	2192 BCE ~4,218 yrs ago	K1a+195 R1b1a1b1a1a2
BAS025 Ancient Iberian Cultures Reference	Spain Murcia. Totana. La Bastida	The Argaric Culture of Spain	2134 BCE ~4,160 yrs ago	H105a E1b1b1a1b1
BAS026 Ancient Iberian Cultures Reference	Spain Murcia. Totana. La Bastida	The Argaric Culture of Spain	2000 BCE ~4,026 yrs ago	H3 R1b1a1b1a1a2
BAS027 Ancient Iberian Cultures Reference	Spain Murcia. Totana. La Bastida	The Argaric Culture of Spain	2000 BCE ~4,026 yrs ago	V3a
c40331 Prehistoric Iberian Reference	Spain Andalusia. Cueva de los Cuarenta	Late Neolithic Spain	3765 BCE ~5,791 yrs ago	HV0a I2-Z161
CabecoArruda117B Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Portugal Lisbon. Torres Vedras. Cabeço da Arruda I	Chalcolithic Portugal	3350 BCE ~5,376 yrs ago	J1c1b I2a1b
Canes Iberian Reference	Spain Canes	Hunter-Gatherer Spain	5299 BCE ~7,325 yrs ago	U5a2a
CB13 Western European Neolithic Reference	Spain Cova Bonica. Vallirana. Barcelona	Early Neolithic Spain	5474 BCE ~7,500 yrs ago	K1a2a
CBR004 Iberian Reference	Spain Alicante. Villena. Cabezo Redondo	Bronze Age Cabezo Redondo, Southeast Spain	1538 BCE ~3,564 yrs ago	H4a1a
CDM001 Iberian Reference	Spain Murcia. Caravaca. Camino del Molino	Chalcolithic Southeast Iberia	2559 BCE ~4,585 yrs ago	J2a1a1
CDM002 Iberian Reference	Spain Murcia. Caravaca. Camino del Molino	Chalcolithic Southeast Iberia	2579 BCE ~4,605 yrs ago	H3 G2a2b2a1a1c1a
CDM003 Iberian Reference	Spain Murcia. Caravaca. Camino del Molino	Chalcolithic Southeast Iberia	3300 BCE ~5,326 yrs ago	K1a+195
CDM004 Iberian Reference	Spain Murcia. Caravaca. Camino del Molino	Chalcolithic Southeast Iberia	3300 BCE ~5,326 yrs ago	H1e1a I2a1a2
CDM005 Iberian Reference	Spain Murcia. Caravaca. Camino del Molino	Chalcolithic Southeast Iberia	3300 BCE ~5,326 yrs ago	J1c1b1
CDP001 Iberian Reference	Spain Alicante. Planes. Cova d' En Pardo	Chalcolithic Southeast Iberia	3300 BCE ~5,326 yrs ago	K1a4a1
CDP002 Iberian Reference	Spain Alicante. Planes. Cova d' En Pardo	Chalcolithic Southeast Iberia	3300 BCE ~5,326 yrs ago	J1c1e H2
CDP003 Iberian Reference	Spain Alicante. Planes. Cova d' En Pardo	Chalcolithic Southeast Iberia	3300 BCE ~5,326 yrs ago	H1+152 H2
CDP006 Iberian Reference	Spain Alicante. Planes. Cova d' En Pardo	Chalcolithic Southeast Iberia	3300 BCE ~5,326 yrs ago	U5a1c1a H2
CDP008 Iberian Reference	Spain Alicante. Planes. Cova d' En Pardo	Chalcolithic Southeast Iberia	3300 BCE ~5,326 yrs ago	H1
CDP009 Iberian Reference	Spain Alicante. Planes. Cova d' En Pardo	Chalcolithic Southeast Iberia	3300 BCE ~5,326 yrs ago	H1+152 H2
CDP011 Iberian Reference	Spain Alicante. Planes. Cova d' En Pardo	Chalcolithic Southeast Iberia	3300 BCE ~5,326 yrs ago	J2b1a
Chan Iberian Reference	Spain Chan do Lindeiro	Hunter-Gatherer Spain	7320 BCE ~9,346 yrs ago	U5b
CLL001 Iberian Reference	Spain Alicante. Villena. Cueva de las Lechuzas	Chalcolithic Southeast Iberia	3300 BCE ~5,326 yrs ago	K1a+195 G2a2a1a
CLL002 Iberian Reference	Spain Alicante. Villena. Cueva de las Lechuzas	Chalcolithic Southeast Iberia	3300 BCE ~5,326 yrs ago	H1e1c
CLL003 Iberian Reference	Spain Alicante. Villena. Cueva de las Lechuzas	Chalcolithic Southeast Iberia	3300 BCE ~5,326 yrs ago	K1a2b I2a1a
CLL004 Iberian Reference	Spain Alicante. Villena. Cueva de las Lechuzas	Chalcolithic Southeast Iberia	3300 BCE ~5,326 yrs ago	K1a+195 I2a1b1a1b2
CLL005 Iberian Reference	Spain Alicante. Villena. Cueva de las Lechuzas	Chalcolithic Southeast Iberia	3300 BCE ~5,326 yrs ago	K1a4a1 I2a1a
CLL006 Iberian Reference	Spain Alicante. Villena. Cueva de las Lechuzas	Chalcolithic Southeast Iberia	3300 BCE ~5,326 yrs ago	H1
CLL008 Iberian Reference	Spain Alicante. Villena. Cueva de las Lechuzas	Chalcolithic Southeast Iberia	3300 BCE ~5,326 yrs ago	J1c1b
CLL009 Iberian Reference	Spain Alicante. Villena. Cueva de las Lechuzas	Chalcolithic Southeast Iberia	3300 BCE ~5,326 yrs ago	K1b1a I2a1b1
CLL010 Iberian Reference	Spain Alicante. Villena. Cueva de las Lechuzas	Chalcolithic Southeast Iberia	3300 BCE ~5,326 yrs ago	J2b1a
CLL011 Iberian Reference	Spain Alicante. Villena. Cueva de las Lechuzas	Chalcolithic Southeast Iberia	3300 BCE ~5,326 yrs ago	K1a4a1
CMO001 Ancient Iberian Cultures Reference	Spain Murcia. Moratalla. Cerro del Morrón	The Argaric Culture of Southeast Iberia	1881 BCE ~3,907 yrs ago	T2c1d+152
CMO002 Ancient Iberian Cultures Reference	Spain Murcia. Moratalla. Cerro del Morrón	The Argaric Culture of Southeast Iberia	1888 BCE ~3,914 yrs ago	K1a R1b1a1b1a1a2a1
CMO003 Ancient Iberian Cultures Reference	Spain Murcia. Moratalla. Cerro del Morrón	The Argaric Culture of Southeast Iberia	1750 BCE ~3,776 yrs ago	J2b1a2
COV20126 Iberian Reference	Spain Lucena. Covacha del Angel	Bronze Age Spain	1751 BCE ~3,777 yrs ago	L2a1 G2a2b
CovaMoura364 Western European Megalithic Culture Reference	Portugal Cova da Moura	Late Neolithic to Chalcolithic Portugal	2500 BCE ~4,526 yrs ago	H I2a1b
CovaMoura9B Western European Megalithic Culture Reference	Portugal Cova da Moura	Late Neolithic to Chalcolithic Portugal	2500 BCE ~4,526 yrs ago	J1c1b
CRN001 Pre-Neolithic Iberian Reference	Spain Casa Corona (Valencian community, Alicante, Villena)	Iberian Mesolithic Culture	6024 BCE ~8,050 yrs ago	U5b1 S21825
CRN002 Pre-Neolithic Iberian Reference	Spain Casa Corona (Valencian community, Alicante, Villena)	Iberian Mesolithic Culture	6064 BCE ~8,090 yrs ago	U5b1 L1294
DolmenAnsiao96B Western European Megalithic Culture Reference	Portugal Dolmen de Ansião	Late Neolithic to Chalcolithic Portugal	3700 BCE ~5,726 yrs ago	K1b1a I2a1a1a1b
EFA006 Western Mediterranean Reference	Spain Balearic Islands. Menorca. Ciutadella. Es Forat de ses Aritges	Late Bronze Age Spain	1200 BCE ~3,226 yrs ago	K1a4a1 R1b1a1b1a1a2
EFA007 Western Mediterranean Reference	Spain Balearic Islands. Menorca. Ciutadella. Es Forat de ses Aritges	Late Bronze Age Spain	1200 BCE ~3,226 yrs ago	U5a2+16362 R1b1a1b1a1a2a1
EFA008 Western Mediterranean Reference	Spain Balearic Islands. Menorca. Ciutadella. Es Forat de ses Aritges	Late Bronze Age Spain	1200 BCE ~3,226 yrs ago	H10b R1b1a1b
EFA009 Western Mediterranean Reference	Spain Balearic Islands. Menorca. Ciutadella. Es Forat de ses Aritges	Late Bronze Age Spain	1200 BCE ~3,226 yrs ago	J2b1a R1b1a1b
EFA010 Western Mediterranean Reference	Spain Balearic Islands. Menorca. Ciutadella. Es Forat de ses Aritges	Late Bronze Age Spain	1200 BCE ~3,226 yrs ago	K1a
EFA011 Western Mediterranean Reference	Spain Balearic Islands. Menorca. Ciutadella. Es Forat de ses Aritges	Late Bronze Age Spain	1200 BCE ~3,226 yrs ago	U5b2a
EHU001 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Castilla y León. Burgos. Monasterio de Rodilla. El Hundido	Chalcolithic Spain	2287 BCE ~4,313 yrs ago	U5a1b1 R-L51
esp005 Iberian	Spain La Rioja. Cueva de los Lagos	Bronze Age Spain	1600 BCE ~3,626 yrs ago	K1-a R1b-DF27
GER002 Early Modern Human Reference	Spain Reclau Viver (Catalonia, Girona, Serinyà)	Gravettian culture of Spain	24405 BCE ~26,431 yrs ago	M130
GER003 Early Modern Human Reference	Spain Mollet III (Catalonia, Girona, Serinyà)	Gravettian culture of Spain	25372 BCE ~27,398 yrs ago	M C
I0257 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Barcelona. Cerdanyola. Paris Street	Chalcolithic Spain	2573 BCE ~4,599 yrs ago	H1ax R-V88
I0258 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Barcelona. Cerdanyola. Paris Street	Chalcolithic Spain	2850 BCE ~4,876 yrs ago	H1q
I0260 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Barcelona. Cerdanyola. Paris Street	Chalcolithic Spain	2850 BCE ~4,876 yrs ago	K1a2a
I0261 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Barcelona. Cerdanyola. Paris Street	Chalcolithic Spain	2850 BCE ~4,876 yrs ago	U5b1i R1b1a
I0262 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Barcelona. Cerdanyola. Paris Street	Chalcolithic Spain	2850 BCE ~4,876 yrs ago	U5b3
I0263 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Barcelona. Cerdanyola. Paris Street	Chalcolithic Spain	2850 BCE ~4,876 yrs ago	X2b-a
I0405 Iberian Neolithic Reference	Spain La Mina	Middle to Late Neolithic Spain	3900 BCE ~5,926 yrs ago	K1a1b1 H-BY84221
I0406 Iberian Neolithic Reference	Spain La Mina	Middle to Late Neolithic Spain	3900 BCE ~5,926 yrs ago	H1 I-Z161
I0407 Iberian Neolithic Reference	Spain La Mina	Middle to Late Neolithic Spain	3900 BCE ~5,926 yrs ago	K1b1a1
I0408 Iberian Neolithic Reference	Spain La Mina	Middle to Late Neolithic Spain	3895 BCE ~5,921 yrs ago	U5b1
I0409 Western European Neolithic Reference	Spain Els Trocs	Early Neolithic Spain	5312 BCE ~7,338 yrs ago	J1c3
I0410 Western European Neolithic Reference	Spain Els Trocs	Early Neolithic Spain	5298 BCE ~7,324 yrs ago	T2c1d or T2c1d2 R1b1a
I0411 Western European Neolithic Reference	Spain Els Trocs	Early Neolithic Spain	5298 BCE ~7,324 yrs ago	K1a2a F
I0412 Western European Neolithic Reference	Spain Els Trocs	Early Neolithic Spain	5309 BCE ~7,335 yrs ago	N1a1a1* I-A812
I0413 Western European Neolithic Reference	Spain Els Trocs	Early Neolithic Spain	5304 BCE ~7,330 yrs ago	V
I0453 Iberian Reference	Spain Murcia. Caravaca. Camino del Molino	Chalcolithic Southeast Iberia	2456 BCE ~4,482 yrs ago	V I-P37
I0455 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Murcia. Caravaca. Camino del Molino	Chalcolithic Spain	2905 BCE ~4,931 yrs ago	H1 I-L623
I0456 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Murcia. Caravaca. Camino del Molino	Chalcolithic Spain	3000 BCE ~5,026 yrs ago	U5b2a1a
I0457 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Murcia. Caravaca. Camino del Molino	Chalcolithic Spain	3000 BCE ~5,026 yrs ago	J1c1 IJ-P124
I0458 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Burgos. Arroyal I	Chalcolithic Spain	2456 BCE ~4,482 yrs ago	K1a1b1 I-S10631
I0459 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Burgos. Arroyal I	Chalcolithic Spain	2600 BCE ~4,626 yrs ago	U5b2b
I0460 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Burgos. Arroyal I	Chalcolithic Spain	2460 BCE ~4,486 yrs ago	H45 I-BY191090
I0461 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Burgos. Arroyal I	Chalcolithic Spain	2453 BCE ~4,479 yrs ago	K1a1b1
I0462 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Burgos. Arroyal I	Chalcolithic Spain	2569 BCE ~4,595 yrs ago	K1a-a4
I0581 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE ~4,926 yrs ago	X2b I-S9403
I0823 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Barcelona. Cerdanyola. Paris Street	Chalcolithic Spain	2850 BCE ~4,876 yrs ago	H1
I0825 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Barcelona. Cerdanyola. Paris Street	Chalcolithic Spain	2471 BCE ~4,497 yrs ago	K1a4a1 G-L89
I0826 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Barcelona. Cerdanyola. Paris Street	Chalcolithic Spain	2835 BCE ~4,861 yrs ago	H1t I-P222
I0839 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Portugal Almonda. Galeria da Cisterna	Chalcolithic Portugal	2456 BCE ~4,482 yrs ago	H2a
I0840 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Portugal Almonda. Galeria da Cisterna	Chalcolithic Portugal	2454 BCE ~4,480 yrs ago	U5b1i
I0843 Iberian Reference	Spain Castilla y León. León. La Brana-Arintero	Hunter-Gatherer Spain	6015 BCE ~8,041 yrs ago	U5b2c1 C-FT368070
I10277 Iberian Neolithic Reference	Spain Barcelona. Cova de la Guineu	Middle to Late Neolithic Spain	3400 BCE ~5,426 yrs ago	X2c1 I-M26
I10278 Iberian Neolithic Reference	Spain Barcelona. Cova de la Guineu	Middle to Late Neolithic Spain	3400 BCE ~5,426 yrs ago	U5b1 I-M423
I10280 Iberian Neolithic Reference	Spain Barcelona. Cova de la Guineu	Middle to Late Neolithic Spain	3400 BCE ~5,426 yrs ago	J1c1 G-PF3378
I10282 Iberian Neolithic Reference	Spain Barcelona. Cova de la Guineu	Middle to Late Neolithic Spain	3400 BCE ~5,426 yrs ago	K1a3 BT-M42
I10283 Iberian Neolithic Reference	Spain Barcelona. Cova de la Guineu	Middle to Late Neolithic Spain	3400 BCE ~5,426 yrs ago	H I-P215
I10284 Iberian Neolithic Reference	Spain Barcelona. Cova de la Guineu	Middle to Late Neolithic Spain	3400 BCE ~5,426 yrs ago	U5b1 I-P214
I10285 Iberian Neolithic Reference	Spain Barcelona. Cova de la Guineu	Middle to Late Neolithic Spain	3400 BCE ~5,426 yrs ago	T2b
I10286 Iberian Neolithic Reference	Spain Barcelona. Cova de la Guineu	Middle to Late Neolithic Spain	3400 BCE ~5,426 yrs ago	U5b1 I-M170
I10287 Iberian Neolithic Reference	Spain Barcelona. Cova de la Guineu	Middle to Late Neolithic Spain	3400 BCE ~5,426 yrs ago	T2b3-a I-M223
I10851 Western European Reference	Spain Catalonia. Girona. Sant Julià de Ramis	Medieval Spain	887 CE ~1,139 yrs ago	H3
I10852 Western European Reference	Spain Catalonia. Girona. Sant Julià de Ramis	Medieval Spain	990 CE ~1,036 yrs ago	H6c
I10853 Western European Reference	Spain Catalonia. Girona. Sant Julià de Ramis	Medieval Spain	993 CE ~1,033 yrs ago	U4a1 E-CTS5856
I10854 Western European Reference	Spain Catalonia. Girona. Sant Julià de Ramis	Medieval Spain	990 CE ~1,036 yrs ago	H1n-a BT-M42
I10865 Roman Empire Reference	Spain Girona. Empuries. necropolis Centre de Visitants	Roman Period Spain	100 CE ~1,926 yrs ago	U5a1a1 L-M20
I10866 Roman Empire Reference	Spain Girona. Empuries. necropolis Centre de Visitants	Roman Period Spain	44 BCE ~2,070 yrs ago	K1b2a
I10892 Western European Reference	Spain Catalonia. Girona. Sant Julià de Ramis	Medieval Spain	750 CE ~1,276 yrs ago	H1e1a3
I10895 Western European Reference	Spain Catalonia. Girona. Sant Julià de Ramis	Medieval Spain	774 CE ~1,252 yrs ago	H1ap1 R-S1911
I10897 Western European	Spain Catalonia. Girona. Sant Julià de Ramis	Medieval Spain	1040 CE ~986 yrs ago	I1c
I10899 Iberian Reference	Spain Andalusia. Piñar. Granada. Cueva de la Carigüela	Hunter-Gatherer Spain	40000 BCE ~42,026 yrs ago	U5b1 I-Z2699
I11248 Iberian Neolithic Reference	Spain Basque Country	Middle to Late Neolithic Spain	3500 BCE ~5,526 yrs ago	J2a1a1 I-BY37398
I11249 Iberian Neolithic Reference	Spain Basque Country	Middle to Late Neolithic Spain	3500 BCE ~5,526 yrs ago	U5b1 I-BY37398
I11300 Iberian Neolithic Reference	Spain Basque Country	Middle to Late Neolithic Spain	3500 BCE ~5,526 yrs ago	J2a1a1
I11301 Iberian Neolithic Reference	Spain Basque Country	Middle to Late Neolithic Spain	3500 BCE ~5,526 yrs ago	H1j8
I11303 Iberian Neolithic Reference	Spain Barcelona. Cova de la Guineu	Middle to Late Neolithic Spain	3400 BCE ~5,426 yrs ago	H1j
I11304 Iberian Neolithic Reference	Spain Barcelona. Cova de la Guineu	Middle to Late Neolithic Spain	3400 BCE ~5,426 yrs ago	U5a2-a I-M223
I11305 Iberian Neolithic Reference	Spain Barcelona. Cova de la Guineu	Middle to Late Neolithic Spain	3400 BCE ~5,426 yrs ago	J1c1b G-FGC34625
I11306 Iberian Neolithic Reference	Spain Barcelona. Cova de la Guineu	Middle to Late Neolithic Spain	3400 BCE ~5,426 yrs ago	J2b1a2
I11592 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Portugal Torres Vedra. Bolores	Chalcolithic Portugal	2800 BCE ~4,826 yrs ago	U5b2b I-CTS5375
I11599 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Portugal Lisbon. Torres Vedras. Cabeço da Arruda I	Chalcolithic Portugal	3350 BCE ~5,376 yrs ago	J2b1a2 I-L160
I11601 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Portugal Lisbon. Torres Vedras. Cabeço da Arruda I	Chalcolithic Portugal	3350 BCE ~5,376 yrs ago	V
I11604 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Portugal Lisbon. Lourinhã. Tholos of Paimogo I	Chalcolithic Portugal	3100 BCE ~5,126 yrs ago	K1a1 I-M170
I11605 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Portugal Lisbon. Lourinhã. Tholos of Paimogo I	Chalcolithic Portugal	3100 BCE ~5,126 yrs ago	HV0d I-M26
I11614 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Portugal Torres Vedra. Bolores	Chalcolithic Portugal	2800 BCE ~4,826 yrs ago	H4a1a
I12029 Germanic Reference	Spain Girona. Pla de l'Horta	Visigothic Period Girona, Spain	500 CE ~1,526 yrs ago	U5a1a1d E-BY28635
I12030 Western European Reference	Spain Girona. Pla de l'Horta	Visigothic Period Girona, Spain	500 CE ~1,526 yrs ago	J1c3g
I12031 Germanic Reference	Spain Girona. Pla de l'Horta	Visigothic Period Girona, Spain	500 CE ~1,526 yrs ago	H1e2 E-BY28635
I12032 Germanic Reference	Spain Girona. Pla de l'Horta	Visigothic Period Girona, Spain	500 CE ~1,526 yrs ago	C4a1a-a R-L51
I12033 Germanic Reference	Spain Girona. Pla de l'Horta	Visigothic Period Girona, Spain	500 CE ~1,526 yrs ago	V I-M253
I12034 Germanic Reference	Spain Girona. Pla de l'Horta	Visigothic Period Girona, Spain	500 CE ~1,526 yrs ago	W6a
I12162 Germanic Reference	Spain Girona. Pla de l'Horta	Visigothic Period Girona, Spain	500 CE ~1,526 yrs ago	U5b1b1d J-CTS1192
I12163 Germanic Reference	Spain Girona. Pla de l'Horta	Visigothic Period Girona, Spain	500 CE ~1,526 yrs ago	J2b1a-a
I12164 Germanic Reference	Spain Girona. Pla de l'Horta	Visigothic Period Girona, Spain	500 CE ~1,526 yrs ago	C4a1a-a
I12171 Iberian Reference	Spain Andalusia. Sevilla. Alcalá del Río. La Angorrilla	Iron Age Tartessian Culture, Spain	779 BCE ~2,805 yrs ago	J1c1b
I12173 Iberian Reference	Spain Andalusia. Sevilla. Alcalá del Río. La Angorrilla	Iron Age Tartessian Culture, Spain	700 BCE ~2,726 yrs ago	T2b-b
I12208 European Bronze Age Reference	Spain Castilla y León. Valladolid. San Román de Hornija. La Requejada	Middle Bronze Age Spain	1400 BCE ~3,426 yrs ago	K1a1b1
I12209 European Bronze Age Reference	Spain Castilla y León. Valladolid. San Román de Hornija. La Requejada	Middle Bronze Age Spain	1400 BCE ~3,426 yrs ago	H1ah R-DF27
I12410 Iberian Reference	Spain Catalonia. Barcelona. Pacs del Penedès. Mas d'en Boixos-1	Iron Age Spain	537 BCE ~2,563 yrs ago	H R-P312
I12514 Islamic Golden Age Reference	Spain Valencian Community. Castelló/Castellón. Betxí. Palau Castell de Betxí	Islamic Period Spain	1025 CE ~1,001 yrs ago	HV0-a J-Z39601
I12515 Islamic Golden Age Reference	Spain Valencian Community. Castelló/Castellón. Betxí. Palau Castell de Betxí	Islamic Period Spain	1100 CE ~926 yrs ago	H3 J-Z39601
I12516 Islamic Golden Age Reference	Spain Valencian Community. Castelló/Castellón. Vinaròs. Plaza Parroquial	Islamic Period Spain	899 CE ~1,127 yrs ago	U5b2b2
I12560 Iberian Reference	Spain Sevilla. Alcalá del Río. La Angorrilla	Iron Age Tartessian Culture, Spain	700 BCE ~2,726 yrs ago	H4a1
I12561 Iberian Reference	Spain Sevilla. Alcalá del Río. La Angorrilla	Iron Age Tartessian Culture, Spain	700 BCE ~2,726 yrs ago	H1 R-P310
I12640 Iberian Reference	Spain Barcelona. Can Roqueta-Can Revella	Iron Age Spain	700 BCE ~2,726 yrs ago	H1t R-P312
I12641 Iberian	Spain Barcelona. Can Roqueta-Can Revella	Iron Age Spain	786 BCE ~2,812 yrs ago	HV0d R-M269
I12642 Iberian Reference	Spain Barcelona. Can Roqueta II	Iron Age Spain	733 BCE ~2,759 yrs ago	H
I12643 Iberian Reference	Spain Barcelona. Can Roqueta II	Iron Age Spain	758 BCE ~2,784 yrs ago	J2a1a1c
I12644 Islamic Golden Age Reference	Spain Valencia. Carrer Sagunto 49	Islamic Period Spain	1100 CE ~926 yrs ago	U4a2 E-PF2546
I12645 Islamic Golden Age Reference	Spain Valencia. Carrer Sagunto 49	Islamic Period Spain	1100 CE ~926 yrs ago	U5b1f1a
I12646 Islamic Golden Age Reference	Spain Valencia. Carrer Sagunto 49	Islamic Period Spain	1100 CE ~926 yrs ago	K2b1a1 CT-M168
I12647 Islamic Golden Age Reference	Spain Valencia. Carrer Sagunto 49	Islamic Period Spain	1100 CE ~926 yrs ago	H1ak1
I12648 Islamic Golden Age Reference	Spain Valencia. Carrer Sagunto 49	Islamic Period Spain	1100 CE ~926 yrs ago	H1 R-M269
I12649 Islamic Golden Age Reference	Spain Valencia. Carrer Sagunto 49	Islamic Period Spain	1100 CE ~926 yrs ago	H13a1a E-Z1200
I12650 Islamic Golden Age Reference	Spain Valencia. Carrer Sagunto 49	Islamic Period Spain	1100 CE ~926 yrs ago	H1e1a CT-M168
I1271 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE ~4,926 yrs ago	K1-a
I1272 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave	Chalcolithic Spain	2857 BCE ~4,883 yrs ago	K1b1a1
I1274 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE ~4,926 yrs ago	H3 I-M223
I1276 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE ~4,926 yrs ago	H3c3
I1277 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave	Chalcolithic Spain	2570 BCE ~4,596 yrs ago	H3 I2a2a
I1280 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE ~4,926 yrs ago	J1c1
I12809 Iberian Reference	Spain Ciudad Real. Terrinches. Castillejo del Bonete	Early Bronze Age Spain	1880 BCE ~3,906 yrs ago	H1j R-M269
I1281 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave	Chalcolithic Spain	2867 BCE ~4,893 yrs ago	H1t
I1282 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE ~4,926 yrs ago	H3 I-M170
I1284 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE ~4,926 yrs ago	H3 I-CTS2257
I12855 Iberian Reference	Spain Ciudad Real. Terrinches. Castillejo del Bonete	Early Bronze Age Spain	1880 BCE ~3,906 yrs ago	K1a-a4 R-M269
I12877 Iberian Reference	Spain Barcelona. Pacs del Penedès. Mas d'en Boixos-1	Iron Age Spain	550 BCE ~2,576 yrs ago	J1c1 R-Y64583
I12878 Iberian Reference	Spain Barcelona. Pacs del Penedès. Mas d'en Boixos-1	Iron Age Spain	516 BCE ~2,542 yrs ago	H3
I12879 Iberian Reference	Spain Barcelona. Castellví de la Marca. Hort d'en Grimau	Iron Age Spain	725 BCE ~2,751 yrs ago	HV0-a
I1300 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE ~4,926 yrs ago	K1a2a
I1302 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE ~4,926 yrs ago	J2b1a3 G-PF3359
I1303 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE ~4,926 yrs ago	U3a1 I2a1a1
I1310 Iberian Reference	Spain Barcelona. Sabadell. Can Roquetes	Early Bronze Age Spain	2000 BCE ~4,026 yrs ago	U5b1c
I1311 Iberian Reference	Spain Barcelona. Sabadell. Can Roquetes	Early Bronze Age Spain	2000 BCE ~4,026 yrs ago	J2b1a
I1314 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE ~4,926 yrs ago	J2a1a1 G2a
I1553 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Barcelona. Cerdanyola. Paris Street	Chalcolithic Spain	2850 BCE ~4,876 yrs ago	H103*
I1836 Iberian Reference	Spain Sitges. Barcelona. Cova del Gegant	Early Bronze Age Spain	1684 BCE ~3,710 yrs ago	U5a2b3 R-ZZ11
I1838 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Basque Country. Alava. Las Yurdinas II	Chalcolithic Spain	3356 BCE ~5,382 yrs ago	J1c3ac
I1840 Iberian Reference	Spain Basque Country. Araba/Álava. Laguardia. El Sotillo	Early Bronze Age Spain	1613 BCE ~3,639 yrs ago	H3ap R-BY128991
I1842 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Basque Country. Araba/Álava. Peñacerrada-Urizaharra. Las Yurdinas II	Chalcolithic Spain	3000 BCE ~5,026 yrs ago	H1e1a G-PF3148
I1843 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Basque Country. Alava. Alto de la Huesera	Chalcolithic Spain	3015 BCE ~5,041 yrs ago	U5b1-a1
I1845 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Basque Country. Araba/Álava. Laguardia. Alto de la Huesera	Chalcolithic Spain	3100 BCE ~5,126 yrs ago	K1a2c I-BY37404
I1846 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Basque Country. Araba/Álava. Laguardia. Alto de la Huesera	Chalcolithic Spain	3100 BCE ~5,126 yrs ago	T2b3d
I1970 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Portugal Lisbon. Verdelha dos Ruivos	Chalcolithic Portugal	2876 BCE ~4,902 yrs ago	X2b-a I-S10631
I1972 Western European Neolithic Reference	Spain Burgos. El Prado de Pancorbo	Early Neolithic Spain	4836 BCE ~6,862 yrs ago	K1a4a1
I19722 Iberian Reference	Spain Girona. Pontós. Mas Castellar	Iron Age Spain	413 BCE ~2,439 yrs ago	H4a1
I1975 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Basque Country. Alava. La Chabola de la Hechicera	Chalcolithic Spain	3092 BCE ~5,118 yrs ago	J1c1 I-P214
I1976 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Basque Country. Araba/Álava. Laguardia. El Sotillo	Chalcolithic Spain	2571 BCE ~4,597 yrs ago	H3 I2a1b1
I1977 Iberian Reference	Spain Basque Country. Araba/Álava. Laguardia. El Sotillo	Early Bronze Age Spain	1613 BCE ~3,639 yrs ago	U5b1-a1
I1978 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Basque Country. Araba/Álava. Laguardia. Alto de la Huesera	Chalcolithic Spain	3100 BCE ~5,126 yrs ago	K1a4a1
I1981 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Basque Country. Alava. Alto de la Huesera	Chalcolithic Spain	3013 BCE ~5,039 yrs ago	J1c1
I1982 Iberian Reference	Spain Ondarre	Early Bronze Age Spain	1735 BCE ~3,761 yrs ago	X2b
I19987 Celtic Reference	Spain Palencia. Monte Bernorio	Late Iron Age Spain	152 BCE ~2,178 yrs ago	H1e1a6
I19989 Celtic Reference	Spain Palencia. Monte Bernorio	Late Iron Age Spain	200 BCE ~2,226 yrs ago	H1e1a6
I19990 Celtic Reference	Spain Palencia. Monte Bernorio	Late Iron Age Spain	160 BCE ~2,186 yrs ago	U5b1g
I19991 Celtic Reference	Spain Palencia. Monte Bernorio	Late Iron Age Spain	200 BCE ~2,226 yrs ago	U5b1g
I20736 Western Mediterranean Reference	Spain Asturias. El Espinoso cave	Late Bronze Age Spain	1300 BCE ~3,326 yrs ago	H1j
I20740 Western Mediterranean Reference	Spain Asturias. El Espinoso cave	Late Bronze Age Spain	1300 BCE ~3,326 yrs ago	H1j
I2199 Western European Neolithic Reference	Spain Burgos. El Prado de Pancorbo	Early Neolithic Spain	5214 BCE ~7,240 yrs ago	H1
I23569 Iberian Reference	Spain Cantabria. La Fragua cave	Early Bronze Age Spain	2199 BCE ~4,225 yrs ago	X2b4a
I2467 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Basque Country. Alava. El Sotillo	Chalcolithic Spain	2474 BCE ~4,500 yrs ago	X2b I-M223
I2469 Western Mediterranean Reference	Spain Basque Country. Araba/Álava. Laguardia. El Sotillo	Late Bronze Age Spain	971 BCE ~2,997 yrs ago	H3an
I2470 European Bronze Age Reference	Spain Basque Country. Araba/Álava. Laguardia. El Sotillo	Middle Bronze Age Spain	1412 BCE ~3,438 yrs ago	J2a1a1 R-P312
I2471 Iberian Reference	Spain Basque Country. Araba/Álava. Laguardia. El Sotillo	Early Bronze Age Spain	1620 BCE ~3,646 yrs ago	K1b1a
I2472 European Bronze Age Reference	Spain Basque Country. Araba/Álava. Laguardia. El Sotillo	Middle Bronze Age Spain	1533 BCE ~3,559 yrs ago	K1a-a4 R-P310
I2473 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Basque Country. Araba/Álava. Laguardia. El Sotillo	Chalcolithic Spain	2916 BCE ~4,942 yrs ago	H3 I-M223
I3209 Iberian Reference	Spain Valencian Community. Castelló/Castellón. Ares del Maestre. Cingle del Mas Nou	Hunter-Gatherer Spain	5978 BCE ~8,004 yrs ago	U5b1d1 F-M89
I3214 Iberian Neolithic Reference	Spain Asturias. Soto de las Regueras. Cueva de la Paloma	Middle to Late Neolithic Spain	3400 BCE ~5,426 yrs ago	V3 H-P96
I3238 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Asturias. Soto de las Regueras. Cueva de la Paloma	Chalcolithic Spain	2500 BCE ~4,526 yrs ago	H3-b R-P310
I3239 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Asturias. Soto de las Regueras. Cueva de la Paloma	Chalcolithic Spain	2500 BCE ~4,526 yrs ago	U5b1
I3243 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Asturias. Soto de las Regueras. Cueva de la Paloma	Chalcolithic Spain	2500 BCE ~4,526 yrs ago	U5a1a2b P-M45
I3269 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Basque Country. Alava. Las Yurdinas II	Chalcolithic Spain	3000 BCE ~5,026 yrs ago	U5b2b3a I2a2a
I3270 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Basque Country. Alava. Las Yurdinas II	Chalcolithic Spain	3000 BCE ~5,026 yrs ago	J2a1a1
I3271 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Basque Country. Alava. Las Yurdinas II	Chalcolithic Spain	3000 BCE ~5,026 yrs ago	K1a4a1
I3272 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Basque Country. Alava. La Chabola de la Hechicera	Chalcolithic Spain	3307 BCE ~5,333 yrs ago	X2b I-M223
I3273 Iberian Neolithic Reference	Spain Basque Country. Alava. La Chabola de la Hechicera	Middle to Late Neolithic Spain	3606 BCE ~5,632 yrs ago	J2a1a1
I3276 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Basque Country. Alava. Alto de la Huesera	Chalcolithic Spain	3096 BCE ~5,122 yrs ago	V G2a2a
I3277 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Basque Country. Alava. Alto de la Huesera	Chalcolithic Spain	3150 BCE ~5,176 yrs ago	U5b2b
I3315 Talayotic Culture Reference	Spain Balearic Islands. Menorca. Naveta des Tudons	Late Bronze Age Menorca, Spain	904 BCE ~2,930 yrs ago	U5b1c R-DF27
I3320 Iberian Reference	Spain Valencian Community. Castelló/Castellón. Vilafamés. Els Estrets de la Rata	Iron Age Spain	300 BCE ~2,326 yrs ago	I1 R-Z225
I3321 Iberian Reference	Spain Valencian Community. Castelló/Castellón. Vilafamés. Els Estrets de la Rata	Iron Age Spain	300 BCE ~2,326 yrs ago	U3a1 R1b1a1a2a1a2
I3322 Iberian Reference	Spain Valencian Community. Castelló/Castellón. Vinaròs. Puig de la Misericordia	Iron Age Spain	600 BCE ~2,626 yrs ago	H1t
I3323 Iberian Reference	Spain Girona. Ullastret. Puig de Sant Andreu	Iron Age Spain	373 BCE ~2,399 yrs ago	X2b R-L151
I3324 Iberian Reference	Spain Girona. Ullastret. Puig de Sant Andreu	Iron Age Spain	359 BCE ~2,385 yrs ago	H1 R-Z209
I3326 Iberian Reference	Spain Girona. Ullastret. Puig de Sant Andreu	Iron Age Spain	250 BCE ~2,276 yrs ago	J1c R-P297
I3327 Iberian Reference	Spain Girona. Ullastret. Puig de Sant Andreu	Iron Age Spain	250 BCE ~2,276 yrs ago	J2b1a R-L151
I3432 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Portugal Évora. Reguengos de Monsaraz. Perdigões	Chalcolithic Portugal	3081 BCE ~5,107 yrs ago	U5b2b3
I3484 Iberian Reference	Spain Ciudad Real. Terrinches. Castillejo del Bonete	Early Bronze Age Spain	2343 BCE ~4,369 yrs ago	J1c1 R-P310
I3485 Iberian Reference	Spain Ciudad Real. Terrinches. Castillejo del Bonete	Early Bronze Age Spain	2300 BCE ~4,326 yrs ago	K1a4a1
I3486 Iberian Reference	Spain Valencian Community. Alacant/Alicante. Villena. Cabezo Redondo	Early Bronze Age Spain	1750 BCE ~3,776 yrs ago	H1q R-M269
I3487 Iberian Reference	Spain Valencian Community. Alacant/Alicante. Villena. Cabezo Redondo	Early Bronze Age Spain	1739 BCE ~3,765 yrs ago	H1e1a R-L151
I3488 Iberian Reference	Spain Valencian Community. Alacant/Alicante. Villena. Cabezo Redondo	Early Bronze Age Spain	1750 BCE ~3,776 yrs ago	HV0-a R-M269
I3490 Iberian Reference	Spain Burgos. La Horra	Early Bronze Age Spain	1850 BCE ~3,876 yrs ago	HV0b
I3491 Iberian Reference	Spain Castilla y León. Valladolid. Fuente la Mora	Early Bronze Age Spain	1850 BCE ~3,876 yrs ago	T2b
I3492 Iberian Reference	Spain Salamanca. Aldeaseca de la Frontera. Tordillos	Early Bronze Age Spain	1850 BCE ~3,876 yrs ago	U5b1-a1 R-M269
I3493 European Bronze Age Reference	Spain Salamanca. Aldeaseca de la Frontera. Tordillos	Middle Bronze Age Spain	1422 BCE ~3,448 yrs ago	H1
I3494 Iberian Reference	Spain Valencian Community. València/Valencia. La Font de la Figuera. Coveta del Frare	Early Bronze Age Spain	1928 BCE ~3,954 yrs ago	J1c1b R-BY3332
I3496 Iberian Reference	Spain Catalonia. Barcelona.Cerdanyola. Turó de Ca n’Oliver	Iron Age Spain	300 BCE ~2,326 yrs ago	H1e1a R-CTS9993
I3574 Visigothic Kingdom Reference	Spain Granada. Montefrío. El Castillón	Visigothic Period Granada, Spain	400 CE ~1,626 yrs ago	U5b1-a1
I3575 Visigothic Kingdom Reference	Spain Granada. Montefrío. El Castillón	Visigothic Period Granada, Spain	400 CE ~1,626 yrs ago	U5b1-a1 I-BY421
I3576 Visigothic Kingdom Reference	Spain Granada. Montefrío. El Castillón	Visigothic Period Granada, Spain	421 CE ~1,605 yrs ago	T2c1a2 R-PH3162
I3577 Visigothic Kingdom Reference	Spain Granada. Montefrío. El Castillón	Visigothic Period Granada, Spain	400 CE ~1,626 yrs ago	H5b
I3578 Visigothic Kingdom Reference	Spain Granada. Montefrío. El Castillón	Visigothic Period Granada, Spain	400 CE ~1,626 yrs ago	HV0f
I3579 Visigothic Kingdom	Spain Granada. Montefrío. El Castillón	Visigothic Period Granada, Spain	400 CE ~1,626 yrs ago	H1e1a6 E-Z1919
I3581 Visigothic Kingdom Reference	Spain Granada. Montefrío. El Castillón	Visigothic Period Granada, Spain	400 CE ~1,626 yrs ago	H3
I3582 Visigothic Kingdom Reference	Spain Granada. Montefrío. El Castillón	Visigothic Period Granada, Spain	400 CE ~1,626 yrs ago	K1b1a R-Z211
I3583 Visigothic Kingdom Reference	Spain Granada. Montefrío. El Castillón	Visigothic Period Granada, Spain	400 CE ~1,626 yrs ago	HV0f E-L618
I3584 Visigothic Kingdom Reference	Spain Granada. Ventas de Zafarraya	Visigothic Period Granada, Spain	400 CE ~1,626 yrs ago	H J-CTS7683
I3585 Visigothic Kingdom Reference	Spain Granada. Ventas de Zafarraya	Visigothic Period Granada, Spain	675 CE ~1,351 yrs ago	H1 R-BY25512
I3756 Iberian Reference	Spain Ciudad Real. Terrinches. Castillejo del Bonete	Early Bronze Age Spain	2017 BCE ~4,043 yrs ago	H1 R-FT5780
I3757 Celtic Reference	Spain Basque Country. Araba/Álava. Laguardia. La Hoya	Iron Age Celtic Spain	400 BCE ~2,426 yrs ago	J1c1
I3758 Celtic Reference	Spain Basque Country. Araba/Álava. Laguardia. La Hoya	Iron Age Celtic Spain	373 BCE ~2,399 yrs ago	U5b1-a1e1b
I3759 Celtic Reference	Spain Basque Country. Araba/Álava. Laguardia. La Hoya	Iron Age Celtic Spain	361 BCE ~2,387 yrs ago	H1 I-M26
I3775 Germanic Reference	Spain Barcelona. Roda de Ter. L'Esquerda	Visigothic Period Barcelona, Spain	600 CE ~1,426 yrs ago	H3t R-L389
I3776 Germanic	Spain Barcelona. Roda de Ter. L'Esquerda	Visigothic Period Barcelona, Spain	600 CE ~1,426 yrs ago	U5a1i1
I3777 Germanic Reference	Spain Barcelona. Roda de Ter. L'Esquerda	Visigothic Period Barcelona, Spain	600 CE ~1,426 yrs ago	V17
I3778 Germanic Reference	Spain Barcelona. Roda de Ter. L'Esquerda	Visigothic Period Barcelona, Spain	600 CE ~1,426 yrs ago	H4a1 R-M269
I3807 Islamic Civilization Reference	Spain Andalusia. Granada. Mondújar (Lecrín). Nécropolis de Torna Alta	Muslim Nazari Period, Spain	1500 CE ~526 yrs ago	U6a2 E-L19
I3808 Islamic Civilization Reference	Spain Andalusia. Granada. Mondújar (Lecrín). Nécropolis de Torna Alta	Muslim Nazari Period, Spain	1500 CE ~526 yrs ago	H1
I3809 Islamic Civilization Reference	Spain Andalusia. Granada. Mondújar (Lecrín). Nécropolis de Torna Alta	Muslim Nazari Period, Spain	1500 CE ~526 yrs ago	U6a3b R-L21
I3810 Islamic Civilization Reference	Spain Andalusia. Granada. Mondújar (Lecrín). Nécropolis de Torna Alta	Muslim Nazari Period, Spain	1500 CE ~526 yrs ago	L2e1
I3866 Germanic Reference	Spain Barcelona. Roda de Ter. L'Esquerda	Visigothic Period Barcelona, Spain	600 CE ~1,426 yrs ago	U5a1b1 R-M269
I3980 Roman Empire Reference	Spain Andalusia. Granada. Paseíllos universitarios-Fuentenueva	Roman Period Spain	483 CE ~1,543 yrs ago	H1e1c
I3981 Roman Empire Reference	Spain Andalusia. Granada. Paseíllos universitarios-Fuentenueva	Roman Period Spain	400 CE ~1,626 yrs ago	T2b32 E-Z1231
I3982 Roman Empire Reference	Spain Granada. Plaza Einstein	Roman Period Spain	200 CE ~1,826 yrs ago	HV0-a
I3983 Roman Empire Reference	Spain Granada. Plaza Einstein	Roman Period Spain	261 CE ~1,765 yrs ago	H4a1c2 J-Z1847
I3997 Iberian Reference	Spain Valencian Community. València/Valencia. Paterna. Lloma de Betxí	Early Bronze Age Spain	1874 BCE ~3,900 yrs ago	K1a2b R-P312
I4054 Roman Empire Reference	Spain Granada. Plaza Einstein	Roman Period Spain	200 CE ~1,826 yrs ago	H4a1c2 J-Z1847
I4055 Roman Empire Reference	Spain Granada. Plaza Einstein	Roman Period Spain	200 CE ~1,826 yrs ago	U3a1 T-L490
I4229 Western European Megalithic Culture Reference	Portugal Cova da Moura	Late Neolithic to Chalcolithic Portugal	2287 BCE ~4,313 yrs ago	U5a2-b1 I-F1295
I4245 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras	Chalcolithic Spain	2461 BCE ~4,487 yrs ago	L1b1a
I4246 European Bronze Age Reference	Spain Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras	Bell Beaker Culture, Spain	2401 BCE ~4,427 yrs ago	M1a1b1 E-SK863
I4247 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras	Chalcolithic Spain	2462 BCE ~4,488 yrs ago	T2b3
I4329 Western Mediterranean Reference	Spain Balearic Islands. Mallorca. Cova des Moro	Mallorcan EBA	2468 BCE ~4,494 yrs ago	J2b1a-a
I4420 Western Mediterranean Reference	Spain Balearic Islands. Formentera. Cova 127	Middle Bronze Age Formentera, Spain	1879 BCE ~3,905 yrs ago	H5-c
I4556 Iberian Reference	Spain Catalonia. Barcelona. Avinyonet del Penedés. Font de la Canya	Iron Age Spain	700 BCE ~2,726 yrs ago	K1a12a
I4558 Iberian Reference	Spain Tarragona. Galls Carboners	Early Bronze Age Spain	1700 BCE ~3,726 yrs ago	K1a3a
I4559 Iberian Reference	Spain Tarragona. Galls Carboners	Early Bronze Age Spain	1700 BCE ~3,726 yrs ago	J1c1 R-L151
I4560 Iberian Reference	Spain Tarragona. Galls Carboners	Early Bronze Age Spain	1700 BCE ~3,726 yrs ago	K1a3a
I4561 Iberian Reference	Spain Tarragona. Galls Carboners	Early Bronze Age Spain	1700 BCE ~3,726 yrs ago	H1/H84
I4562 Iberian Reference	Spain Tarragona. Galls Carboners	Early Bronze Age Spain	1741 BCE ~3,767 yrs ago	H1
I4563 Iberian Reference	Spain Tarragona. Galls Carboners	Early Bronze Age Spain	1700 BCE ~3,726 yrs ago	H1/H84 R-YP5900
I4565 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Tarragona. Galls Carboners	Chalcolithic Spain	3022 BCE ~5,048 yrs ago	H5 I-S10631
I5076 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Portugal Monte Canelas 1	Chalcolithic Portugal	3336 BCE ~5,362 yrs ago	H1
I5428 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Portugal Cova das Lapas	Chalcolithic Portugal	3352 BCE ~5,378 yrs ago	U5b1-a1 I-CTS5375
I5429 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Portugal Évora. Reguengos de Monsaraz. Perdigões	Chalcolithic Portugal	3010 BCE ~5,036 yrs ago	J2b1a3 I-L160
I5665 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Ciempozuelos. Burgos. Virgazal	Chalcolithic Spain	2283 BCE ~4,309 yrs ago	K1a24a R-DF103
I5838 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE ~4,926 yrs ago	K1-a15 I2a2a
I6466 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Portugal Lisbon. Verdelha dos Ruivos	Chalcolithic Portugal	2700 BCE ~4,726 yrs ago	K1b1a1
I6467 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Portugal Lisbon. Verdelha dos Ruivos	Chalcolithic Portugal	2700 BCE ~4,726 yrs ago	K1a4a1
I6470 Iberian Reference	Spain Castilla y León. Burgos. Tablada de Rudrón. Virgazal	Early Bronze Age Spain	1746 BCE ~3,772 yrs ago	J1c1 R1b1a1b1a1a2a
I6471 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain La Magdalena	Chalcolithic Spain	2500 BCE ~4,526 yrs ago	U5b1c1 P-M45
I6472 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain La Magdalena	Chalcolithic Spain	2500 BCE ~4,526 yrs ago	HV0b R-PF6658
I6475 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain La Magdalena	Chalcolithic Spain	2500 BCE ~4,526 yrs ago	U5b3
I6490 Roman Empire Reference	Spain Tarragona. Mas Gassol. Alcover	Roman Period Spain	200 CE ~1,826 yrs ago	K1c2
I6491 Roman Empire Reference	Spain Tarragona. Mas Gassol. Alcover	Roman Period Spain	200 CE ~1,826 yrs ago	H4a1a R-M207
I6492 Roman Empire Reference	Spain Tarragona. Mas Gassol. Alcover	Roman Period Spain	200 CE ~1,826 yrs ago	T2b11 R-L21
I6539 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Madrid. Humanejos	Chalcolithic Spain	2500 BCE ~4,526 yrs ago	T2b3-a R-P312
I6542 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras	Chalcolithic Spain	2600 BCE ~4,626 yrs ago	U5b1i H-P96
I6543 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras	Chalcolithic Spain	2600 BCE ~4,626 yrs ago	H1 I-M423
I6584 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Madrid. Humanejos	Chalcolithic Spain	2500 BCE ~4,526 yrs ago	H4a1a-a
I6585 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Madrid. Humanejos	Chalcolithic Spain	2397 BCE ~4,423 yrs ago	K1a4a1
I6587 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Madrid. Humanejos	Chalcolithic Spain	2500 BCE ~4,526 yrs ago	K1a1b1 I-P222
I6588 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Madrid. Humanejos	Chalcolithic Spain	2500 BCE ~4,526 yrs ago	U5b2b3 R-P310
I6589 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Madrid. Humanejos	Chalcolithic Spain	2500 BCE ~4,526 yrs ago	K1a1b1 F-M89
I6596 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Madrid. Humanejos	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE ~4,926 yrs ago	H3 H-SK1180
I6601 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Portugal Estremadura. Bolores	Chalcolithic Portugal	2800 BCE ~4,826 yrs ago	H1e2 I-PF3981
I6604 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras	Chalcolithic Spain	2130 BCE ~4,156 yrs ago	U5b1c G-PF3148
I6605 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras	Chalcolithic Spain	2474 BCE ~4,500 yrs ago	H1t
I6608 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras	Chalcolithic Spain	2025 BCE ~4,051 yrs ago	J1c1 I-Y31653
I6609 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras	Chalcolithic Spain	2600 BCE ~4,626 yrs ago	U5b1e
I6610 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras	Chalcolithic Spain	2008 BCE ~4,034 yrs ago	K1a-a4
I6612 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras	Chalcolithic Spain	2600 BCE ~4,626 yrs ago	J1c3
I6613 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras	Chalcolithic Spain	2600 BCE ~4,626 yrs ago	U5b1
I6617 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Madrid. Humanejos	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE ~4,926 yrs ago	H1-e I-Z161
I6618 Iberian Reference	Spain Madrid. Humanejos	Early Bronze Age Spain	1880 BCE ~3,906 yrs ago	U5b3 R-P312
I6622 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras	Chalcolithic Spain	2600 BCE ~4,626 yrs ago	U5b1i P-M45
I6623 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras	Chalcolithic Spain	2600 BCE ~4,626 yrs ago	U5b1f1a
I6626 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras	Chalcolithic Spain	2600 BCE ~4,626 yrs ago	H1
I6628 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Madrid. Humanejos	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE ~4,926 yrs ago	H1
I6629 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Madrid. Humanejos	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE ~4,926 yrs ago	T2b F-M89
I6630 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Madrid. Humanejos	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE ~4,926 yrs ago	J2a1a1
I7158 Roman Empire Reference	Spain Tarragona. Mas Gassol. Alcover	Roman Period Spain	200 CE ~1,826 yrs ago	T2b11
I7160 Iberian Neolithic Reference	Spain Andalusia. Cádiz. San Fernando. Campo de Hockey	Middle to Late Neolithic Spain	4042 BCE ~6,068 yrs ago	T2c1d
I7162 Iberian Reference	Spain Andalusia. Cádiz. Chiclana de la Frontera. Loma del Puerco	Early Bronze Age Spain	1881 BCE ~3,907 yrs ago	T2e
I7423 Islamic Civilization Reference	Spain Andalusia. Granada. Mondújar (Lecrín). Nécropolis de Torna Alta	Muslim Nazari Period, Spain	1500 CE ~526 yrs ago	H20c R-L151
I7424 Islamic Civilization Reference	Spain Andalusia. Granada. Mondújar (Lecrín). Nécropolis de Torna Alta	Muslim Nazari Period, Spain	1500 CE ~526 yrs ago	U5b1-a1
I7425 Islamic Civilization Reference	Spain Andalusia. Granada. Mondújar (Lecrín). Nécropolis de Torna Alta	Muslim Nazari Period, Spain	1500 CE ~526 yrs ago	W6a
I7426 Islamic Civilization Reference	Spain Andalusia. Granada. Mondújar (Lecrín). Nécropolis de Torna Alta	Muslim Nazari Period, Spain	1500 CE ~526 yrs ago	H CT-M168
I7427 Islamic Golden Age Reference	Spain Granada. Calle Panaderos 21-23	Islamic Period Spain	900 CE ~1,126 yrs ago	H1-e E-M180
I7457 Islamic Golden Age Reference	Spain Granada. Alhama de Granada. Casa Cuartel Guardia Civil	Islamic Almohad Period Spain	1100 CE ~926 yrs ago	H3-b E-BY5022
I7458 Islamic Golden Age Reference	Spain Granada. Alhama de Granada. Casa Cuartel Guardia Civil	Islamic Almohad Period Spain	1100 CE ~926 yrs ago	H3ap
I7497 Islamic Golden Age Reference	Spain Granada. Huéscar. Cueva Romero	Islamic Zira Period Spain	1000 CE ~1,026 yrs ago	H20a
I7498 Islamic Golden Age Reference	Spain Granada. Huéscar. Cueva Romero	Islamic Zira Period Spain	1000 CE ~1,026 yrs ago	H3a1 E-CTS5856
I7499 Islamic Golden Age Reference	Spain Granada. Huéscar. Cueva Romero	Islamic Zira Period Spain	1000 CE ~1,026 yrs ago	H5
I7500 Islamic Golden Age Reference	Spain Granada. Motril. Torrenueva. El Maraute	Islamic Emirate Period Spain	900 CE ~1,126 yrs ago	M1b1a E-Z1200
I7547 Iberian Neolithic Reference	Spain Cádiz. San Fernando. Campo de Hockey	Middle to Late Neolithic Spain	4300 BCE ~6,326 yrs ago	K1a-a4
I7549 Iberian Neolithic Reference	Spain Cádiz. San Fernando. Campo de Hockey	Middle to Late Neolithic Spain	4300 BCE ~6,326 yrs ago	K1a4a1
I7550 Iberian Neolithic Reference	Spain Cádiz. San Fernando. Campo de Hockey	Middle to Late Neolithic Spain	4700 BCE ~6,726 yrs ago	K1b1a
I7587 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Andalusia. Córdoba. Lucena. Sima del Ángel	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE ~4,926 yrs ago	T2b3-a G-L30
I7588 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Andalusia. Córdoba. Lucena. Sima del Ángel	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE ~4,926 yrs ago	J1c1b G-L156
I7594 Iberian Neolithic Reference	Spain Alicante. Alcoi. Llometes	Middle to Late Neolithic Spain	3518 BCE ~5,544 yrs ago	U5b2b5
I7595 Iberian Neolithic Reference	Spain Alicante. Alcoi. Llometes	Middle to Late Neolithic Spain	3518 BCE ~5,544 yrs ago	U5b2b5
I7597 Iberian Neolithic Reference	Spain Alicante. Alcoi. Llometes	Middle to Late Neolithic Spain	4000 BCE ~6,026 yrs ago	J2b1a CT-M168
I7598 Iberian Neolithic Reference	Spain Alicante. Alcoi. Llometes	Middle to Late Neolithic Spain	3622 BCE ~5,648 yrs ago	U5b3 G-PF3148
I7600 Iberian Neolithic Reference	Spain Alicante. Alcoi. Llometes	Middle to Late Neolithic Spain	4000 BCE ~6,026 yrs ago	K1a2a
I7601 Iberian Neolithic Reference	Spain Alicante. Alcoi. Llometes	Middle to Late Neolithic Spain	3644 BCE ~5,670 yrs ago	X2b-a G-PF3148
I7602 Iberian Neolithic Reference	Spain Mandubi Zelaia	Middle to Late Neolithic Spain	3500 BCE ~5,526 yrs ago	J1c1 I-BY37398
I7603 Iberian Neolithic Reference	Spain Mandubi Zelaia	Middle to Late Neolithic Spain	3500 BCE ~5,526 yrs ago	K1a2b I-BY37398
I7604 Iberian Neolithic Reference	Spain Mandubi Zelaia	Middle to Late Neolithic Spain	3500 BCE ~5,526 yrs ago	H1ak I-S10631
I7605 Iberian Neolithic Reference	Spain Mandubi Zelaia	Middle to Late Neolithic Spain	3500 BCE ~5,526 yrs ago	H3 I-S10631
I7606 Iberian Neolithic Reference	Spain Mandubi Zelaia	Middle to Late Neolithic Spain	3500 BCE ~5,526 yrs ago	U5b1-a1 I-BY37398
I7642 Iberian Neolithic Reference	Spain Valencian Community. Alacant/Alicante. Alcoi. Les Llometes	Middle to Late Neolithic Spain	2909 BCE ~4,935 yrs ago	J2b1a I-S9403
I7643 Iberian Neolithic Reference	Spain Valencian Community. Alacant/Alicante. Alcoi. Les Llometes	Middle to Late Neolithic Spain	3952 BCE ~5,978 yrs ago	K1a1b1 H-SK1180
I7644 Iberian Neolithic Reference	Spain Valencian Community. Alacant/Alicante. Alcoi. Les Llometes	Middle to Late Neolithic Spain	3635 BCE ~5,661 yrs ago	I-L1498
I7645 Iberian Neolithic Reference	Spain Valencian Community. Alacant/Alicante. Alcoi. Les Llometes	Middle to Late Neolithic Spain	3981 BCE ~6,007 yrs ago	HV0d I-P37
I7646 Iberian Neolithic Reference	Spain Valencian Community. Alacant/Alicante. Alcoi. Les Llometes	Middle to Late Neolithic Spain	3711 BCE ~5,737 yrs ago	H1e1c
I7647 Iberian Neolithic Reference	Spain Valencian Community. Alacant/Alicante. Alcoi. Les Llometes	Middle to Late Neolithic Spain	4045 BCE ~6,071 yrs ago	K1b1a1c F-M89
I7672 Western European Reference	Spain Barcelona. Roda de Ter. L'Esquerda	Carolingian Period Spain	785 CE ~1,241 yrs ago	T2h R-Z202
I7673 Western European Reference	Spain Barcelona. Roda de Ter. L'Esquerda	Carolingian Period Spain	785 CE ~1,241 yrs ago	W1
I7674 Western European Reference	Spain Barcelona. Roda de Ter. L'Esquerda	Carolingian Period Spain	785 CE ~1,241 yrs ago	H42
I7675 Western European Reference	Spain Barcelona. Roda de Ter. L'Esquerda	Carolingian Period Spain	785 CE ~1,241 yrs ago	U3a1 R-L151
I7676 Western European Reference	Spain Barcelona. Roda de Ter. L'Esquerda	Carolingian Period Spain	785 CE ~1,241 yrs ago	U5a1c
I7679 Iberian Neolithic Reference	Spain Cádiz. San Fernando. Campo de Hockey	Middle to Late Neolithic Spain	4300 BCE ~6,326 yrs ago	H
I7687 Atlantic Bronze Age Reference	Portugal Coimbra. Arrifana. Gruta do Medronhal	Late Bronze Age Portugal	1200 BCE ~3,226 yrs ago	V R-M269
I7688 Atlantic Bronze Age Reference	Portugal Coimbra. Arrifana. Gruta do Medronhal	Late Bronze Age Portugal	1200 BCE ~3,226 yrs ago	H3ap
I7689 Atlantic European Reference	Portugal Évora. São Manços. Monte da Cabida 3	Early Bronze Age Portugal	2200 BCE ~4,226 yrs ago	H1-f
I7691 Atlantic European Reference	Portugal Évora. São Manços. Monte da Cabida 3	Early Bronze Age Portugal	2200 BCE ~4,226 yrs ago	J1c1 R-L51
I7692 Atlantic European Reference	Portugal Évora. São Manços. Monte da Cabida 3	Early Bronze Age Portugal	2200 BCE ~4,226 yrs ago	U5b1-a1
I8045 Atlantic Bronze Age Reference	Portugal Setúbal. Melides. Casas Velhas	Middle Bronze Age Portugal	1700 BCE ~3,726 yrs ago	U5b
I8048 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Granada. Arenas del Rey	Chalcolithic Spain	2200 BCE ~4,226 yrs ago	U5b1 I-M423
I8130 Iberian Reference	Spain Valencian Community. València/Valencia. Dos Aguas. Cueva de la Cocina	Hunter-Gatherer Spain	6064 BCE ~8,090 yrs ago	U5b2b CT-M168
I8131 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Valencian Community. València/Valencia. La Vital. Gandia	Chalcolithic Spain	2576 BCE ~4,602 yrs ago	J2b1
I8132 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Valencian Community. València/Valencia. La Vital. Gandia	Chalcolithic Spain	2600 BCE ~4,626 yrs ago	H1aq
I8134 Iberian Neolithic Reference	Spain Cádiz. San Fernando. Campo de Hockey	Middle to Late Neolithic Spain	4700 BCE ~6,726 yrs ago	U5b3
I8136 Iberian Reference	Spain Granada. Orce	Early Bronze Age Spain	1534 BCE ~3,560 yrs ago	K1b1a1
I8141 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Granada. Arenas del Rey	Chalcolithic Spain	2200 BCE ~4,226 yrs ago	K1a1b1
I8144 Iberian Reference	Spain Granada. Orce	Early Bronze Age Spain	1876 BCE ~3,902 yrs ago	U5b3f
I8145 Islamic Golden Age Reference	Spain Granada	Late Muslim Nazari Period, Spain	1300 CE ~726 yrs ago	H J-M304
I8146 Islamic Golden Age Reference	Spain Granada	Late Muslim Nazari Period, Spain	1300 CE ~726 yrs ago	H3a1
I8147 Islamic Golden Age Reference	Spain Granada	Late Muslim Nazari Period, Spain	1300 CE ~726 yrs ago	H1
I8148 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Andalusia. Córdoba. Lucena. Sima del Ángel	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE ~4,926 yrs ago	T2b3-a F-M89
I8149 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Andalusia. Córdoba. Lucena. Sima del Ángel	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE ~4,926 yrs ago	T2b3-a
I8150 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Andalusia. Córdoba. Lucena. Sima del Ángel	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE ~4,926 yrs ago	J1c3
I8153 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Andalusia. Córdoba. Lucena. Sima del Ángel	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE ~4,926 yrs ago	J2b1a1 I-M170
I8154 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Andalusia. Córdoba. Lucena. Sima del Ángel	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE ~4,926 yrs ago	U5b1
I8155 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Andalusia. Córdoba. Lucena. Sima del Ángel	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE ~4,926 yrs ago	H4a1a
I8156 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Andalusia. Córdoba. Lucena. Sima del Ángel	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE ~4,926 yrs ago	K1a4a1 G-P15
I8157 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Andalusia. Córdoba. Lucena. Sima del Ángel	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE ~4,926 yrs ago	HV0-a F-M89
I8158 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Andalusia. Córdoba. Lucena. Sima del Ángel	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE ~4,926 yrs ago	H1ah I-P214
I8197 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Andalusia. Córdoba. Lucena. Sima del Ángel	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE ~4,926 yrs ago	H4a1
I8198 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Andalusia. Córdoba. Lucena. Sima del Ángel	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE ~4,926 yrs ago	J2b1a
I8199 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Andalusia. Córdoba. Lucena. Sima del Ángel	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE ~4,926 yrs ago	U5b1-a1 G-CTS5990
I8202 Roman Empire Reference	Spain Girona. Empuries. necropolis Centre de Visitants	Roman Period Spain	100 CE ~1,926 yrs ago	K2b1 R-L151
I8203 Greco-Roman Reference	Spain Girona. Empuries. necropolis Centre de Visitants	Hellenistic Period Spain	300 BCE ~2,326 yrs ago	H13a1a1
I8204 Greco-Roman Reference	Spain Girona. Empuries. necropolis Centre de Visitants	Hellenistic Period Spain	350 BCE ~2,376 yrs ago	H1e
I8205 Greco-Roman	Spain Girona. Empuries. necropolis Centre de Visitants	Hellenistic Period Spain	300 BCE ~2,326 yrs ago	H14a2c J-Z1828
I8206 Greco-Roman Reference	Spain Girona. Empuries. necropolis Centre de Visitants	Hellenistic Period Spain	340 BCE ~2,366 yrs ago	H7a1 R-DF27
I8208 Greco-Roman Reference	Spain Girona. Empuries. necropolis Centre de Visitants	Hellenistic Period Spain	376 BCE ~2,402 yrs ago	H33 J-Z1846
I8209 Classical Greek Reference	Spain Girona. Empuries. necropolis Centre de Visitants	Greek Period Spain	752 BCE ~2,778 yrs ago	U1a1a R-L2
I8210 Classical Greek Reference	Spain Girona. Empuries. necropolis Centre de Visitants	Greek Period Spain	500 BCE ~2,526 yrs ago	U5b3 R-M269
I8211 Classical Greek Reference	Spain Girona. Empuries. necropolis Centre de Visitants	Greek Period Spain	500 BCE ~2,526 yrs ago	HV0-a R-M173
I8212 Classical Greek Reference	Spain Girona. Empuries. necropolis Centre de Visitants	Greek Period Spain	500 BCE ~2,526 yrs ago	H27-a R-M343
I8213 Classical Greek Reference	Spain Girona. Empuries. necropolis Centre de Visitants	Greek Period Spain	500 BCE ~2,526 yrs ago	K2a
I8214 Classical Greek Reference	Spain Girona. Empuries. necropolis Centre de Visitants	Greek Period Spain	500 BCE ~2,526 yrs ago	H3-b
I8215 Classical Greek Reference	Spain Girona. Empuries. necropolis Centre de Visitants	Greek Period Spain	746 BCE ~2,772 yrs ago	HV11
I8216 Roman Empire Reference	Spain Girona. Empuries. necropolis Centre de Visitants	Roman Period Spain	80 CE ~1,946 yrs ago	H1 J-L620
I8338 Roman Empire Reference	Spain Girona. Empuries. necropolis Centre de Visitants	Roman Period Spain	79 CE ~1,947 yrs ago	HV0-a
I8339 Roman Empire Reference	Spain Girona. Empuries. necropolis Centre de Visitants	Roman Period Spain	125 CE ~1,901 yrs ago	K1a-a4
I8340 Classical Greek Reference	Spain Girona. Empuries. necropolis Centre de Visitants	Greek Period Spain	500 BCE ~2,526 yrs ago	K1a-a4
I8341 Classical Greek Reference	Spain Girona. Empuries. necropolis Centre de Visitants	Greek Period Spain	500 BCE ~2,526 yrs ago	H1 R-P312
I8343 Roman Empire Reference	Spain Girona. Empuries. necropolis Centre de Visitants	Roman Period Spain	647 CE ~1,379 yrs ago	J1c2c2 R-M269
I8344 Classical Greek	Spain Girona. Empuries. necropolis Centre de Visitants	Greek Period Spain	500 BCE ~2,526 yrs ago	H3 R-P297
I8364 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Andalusia. Córdoba. Lucena. Sima del Ángel	Chalcolithic Spain	2706 BCE ~4,732 yrs ago	J2b1a2a I-CTS5375
I8365 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Andalusia. Córdoba. Lucena. Sima del Ángel	Chalcolithic Spain	2706 BCE ~4,732 yrs ago	H G-CTS5990
I8474 Roman Empire Reference	Spain Girona. Empuries. necropolis Centre de Visitants	Roman Period Spain	100 CE ~1,926 yrs ago	U5a1a2b
I8475 Roman Empire Reference	Spain Girona. Empuries. necropolis Centre de Visitants	Roman Period Spain	100 CE ~1,926 yrs ago	T2b
I8566 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Valencian Community. València/Valencia. La Font de la Figuera. Cova de Sant Gomengo	Chalcolithic Spain	3800 BCE ~5,826 yrs ago	J2b1a
I8567 Iberian Neolithic Reference	Spain Valencian Community. València/Valencia. Bocairent. La Coveta Emparetà	Middle to Late Neolithic Spain	3500 BCE ~5,526 yrs ago	X2b-a H-BY84221
I8568 Iberian Neolithic Reference	Spain Valencian Community. València/Valencia. Bocairent. La Coveta Emparetà	Middle to Late Neolithic Spain	3496 BCE ~5,522 yrs ago	X2b-a
I8569 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Valencian Community. Castelló/Castellón. Alcalá de Xivert. Cova dels Diablets	Chalcolithic Spain	2872 BCE ~4,898 yrs ago	H1ah G-PF3148
I8570 Western Mediterranean Reference	Spain Castellón. Cabanes. Túmulo Mortorum	Late Bronze Age Spain	1300 BCE ~3,326 yrs ago	J1c3 R-L151
I8571 Western Mediterranean Reference	Spain Valencian Community. Castelló/Castellón. Cabanes. Túmulo Mortorum	Late Bronze Age Spain	1800 BCE ~3,826 yrs ago	K1a2c P-M45
LD1174 Neolithic European Reference	Spain Lucena. Sima del Angel	Middle Neolithic Spain	2578 BCE ~4,604 yrs ago	U5b2b5
LD270 Western European Neolithic Reference	Portugal Lorga de Din	Middle Neolithic Portugal	2566 BCE ~4,592 yrs ago	U8a H-BY84221
LHO001 Western Mediterranean Reference	Spain Alicante. Aspe. La Horna	Bronze Age La Horna, Spain	1611 BCE ~3,637 yrs ago	K1a+195 R1b1a1b1a1a2a1
LHO002 Western Mediterranean Reference	Spain Alicante. Aspe. La Horna	Bronze Age La Horna, Spain	1620 BCE ~3,646 yrs ago	K1a+195 R1b1a1b1a1a2a1
LHO003 Iberian Reference	Spain Alicante. Aspe. La Horna	Bronze Age Southeast Iberia	1669 BCE ~3,695 yrs ago	U5b1b1g
LOT001 Ancient Iberian Cultures Reference	Spain Murcia. Lorca. Los Tintes	The Argaric Culture of Southeast Iberia	2021 BCE ~4,047 yrs ago	H1e1a8 R1b1a1b
LU339 Western European Neolithic Reference	Portugal Lorga de Din	Middle Neolithic Portugal	3008 BCE ~5,034 yrs ago	H
LugarCanto41 Western European Neolithic Reference	Portugal Lugar do Canto	Middle Neolithic Portugal	4500 BCE ~6,526 yrs ago	U5b1
LugarCanto42 Western European Neolithic Reference	Portugal Lugar do Canto	Middle Neolithic Portugal	4500 BCE ~6,526 yrs ago	H3
LugarCanto44 Western European Neolithic Reference	Portugal Lugar do Canto	Middle Neolithic Portugal	4500 BCE ~6,526 yrs ago	H1e1a2
LugarCanto45 Western European Neolithic Reference	Portugal Lugar do Canto	Middle Neolithic Portugal	4500 BCE ~6,526 yrs ago	I-M423
MDP001 Iberian Reference	Spain Murcia. Caravaca. Molinos del Papel	Early El Argar Culture Molinos de Papel, Spain	2297 BCE ~4,323 yrs ago	K1a R1b1a1b
MDP002 Iberian Reference	Spain Murcia. Caravaca. Molinos del Papel	Early El Argar Culture Molinos de Papel, Spain	2200 BCE ~4,226 yrs ago	V
MDP003 Iberian Reference	Spain Murcia. Caravaca. Molinos del Papel	Early El Argar Culture Molinos de Papel, Spain	2197 BCE ~4,223 yrs ago	HV0 R1b1a1b1a1a2
MIV001 Iberian Reference	Spain Barcelona. Terrasa. Miquel Vives	Neolithic to Bronze Age Transition in Iberia	2200 BCE ~4,226 yrs ago	J1c3g
MLZ005003 Pre-Agricultural European Reference	Spain Cueva del Malalmuerzo (Andalusia, Granada, Moclín)	Solutrean culture	21067 BCE ~23,093 yrs ago	C-Y11591
MMI004 Ancient Iberian Cultures	Spain Murcia. Lorca. Madre Mercedarias Iglesias	The Argaric Culture of Southeast Iberia	2000 BCE ~4,026 yrs ago	K1a1b1 R1b1a1b1a1a2
MonteCanelas337A Western European Megalithic Culture Reference	Portugal Monte Canelas 1	Late Neolithic to Chalcolithic Portugal	3011 BCE ~5,037 yrs ago	H-P96
MonteGato104 Atlantic Bronze Age Reference	Portugal Monte do Gato de Cima 3	Middle Bronze Age Portugal	1728 BCE ~3,754 yrs ago	U5b3 R-P312
MS060 Islamic Golden Age Reference	Spain Valencia. Castelló. Segorbe Islamic Necropolis	Medieval Islamic Segorbe, Spain	1000 CE ~1,026 yrs ago	U6a1a1a
MS10614 Phoenician/Carthaginian Reference	Spain Balearic Islands. Ibiza. Saint Antoni de Portmany. Can Portes d'es Jurat hipogeo Ca's Moli	Punic Period Ibiza	368 BCE ~2,394 yrs ago	T2b
mur Western European Neolithic Reference	Spain Andalusia. Murciélagos de Zuheros	Early Neolithic Spain	5299 BCE ~7,325 yrs ago	J1c1b1 G-FGC34625
NEO603 Iberian Reference	Portugal São Paulo-2 (Setúbal, Almada)	Late Neolithic Portugal	2563 BCE ~4,589 yrs ago	V+@16298
NEO609 Iberian Reference	Portugal São Paulo-2 (Setúbal, Almada)	Late Neolithic Portugal	2470 BCE ~4,496 yrs ago	K1a1 I-L161
NEO631 Pre-Indo-European Reference	Portugal Gruta do Caldeirão (Santarém, Tomar)	Cardial Ware Culture	5306 BCE ~7,332 yrs ago	T2b3+151 I2
NEO632 Pre-Indo-European Reference	Portugal Gruta do Caldeirão (Santarém, Tomar)	Cardial Ware Culture	5474 BCE ~7,500 yrs ago	J2b1a I-M423
NEO646 Pre-Neolithic Iberian Reference	Spain El Mazo (Principado de Asturias, Asturias, Llanes)	Asturian Mesolithic	6589 BCE ~8,615 yrs ago	U5b1b1
NEO648 Pre-Neolithic Iberian Reference	Spain El Toral-3 (Principado de Asturias, Asturias, Llanes)	Asturian Mesolithic	5785 BCE ~7,811 yrs ago	U5a2a I-CTS595
NEO649 Pre-Celtic Iberian	Spain El Toral-3 (Principado de Asturias, Asturias, Llanes)	Asturian Chalcolithic Culture	2402 BCE ~4,428 yrs ago	H1+16355 R-L23
NEO650 Pre-Celtic Iberian Reference	Spain El Toral-3 (Principado de Asturias, Asturias, Llanes)	Asturian Chalcolithic Culture	2334 BCE ~4,360 yrs ago	J1c1 R-M269
NEO653 Celtic-Iberian Reference	Spain El Toral-3 (Principado de Asturias, Asturias, Llanes)	Bronze Age Asturian Culture	1601 BCE ~3,627 yrs ago	HV0d
NEO694 Pre-Neolithic Iberian Reference	Spain Santa Maira (Comunitat Valenciana, Alicante, Cocentaina)	Iberian Mesolithic Culture	7648 BCE ~9,674 yrs ago	U2'3'4'7'8'9 I-S21825
NEO721 Pre-Celtic Iberian Reference	Spain Camino de las Yeseras (Madrid)	Chalcolithic Culture of Madrid	2622 BCE ~4,648 yrs ago	U5b3
NEO938 Pre-Neolithic Iberian Reference	Spain El Mazo (Principado de Asturias, Asturias, Llanes)	Asturian Mesolithic	6210 BCE ~8,236 yrs ago	U5a2a
pir001 Iberian Reference	Spain Andalusia. Priego de Córdoba	Bronze Age Spain	2100 BCE ~4,126 yrs ago	K1a13 R-M269
PLZ001 Iberian Reference	Spain Alicante. Villena. Peñón de la Zorra	Bronze Age Southeast Iberia	3300 BCE ~5,326 yrs ago	K1a+195
por002 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Atapuerca. El Portalón	Chalcolithic Spain	3336 BCE ~5,362 yrs ago	K1a2b I-M423
por004 Iberian Chalcolithic Reference	Spain Atapuerca. El Portalón	Chalcolithic Spain	3096 BCE ~5,122 yrs ago	K1-a I-P214
PUC001 Iberian Reference	Spain Alicante. Villena. Puntal de los Carniceros	Bronze Age Southeast Iberia	1879 BCE ~3,905 yrs ago	H3
PUC002 Iberian Reference	Spain Alicante. Villena. Puntal de los Carniceros	Bronze Age Southeast Iberia	1741 BCE ~3,767 yrs ago	I1a1 R1b1a1b1a1a2a1
PUC003 Iberian Reference	Spain Alicante. Villena. Puntal de los Carniceros	Bronze Age Southeast Iberia	1882 BCE ~3,908 yrs ago	U5b2a+@16192
PUC004 Iberian Reference	Spain Alicante. Villena. Puntal de los Carniceros	Bronze Age Southeast Iberia	1748 BCE ~3,774 yrs ago	V
R10487 Roman Empire Reference	Portugal Coimbra. Condeixa-à-Velha. Conimbriga	Roman Conimbriga	261 CE ~1,765 yrs ago
R10488 Roman Empire Reference	Portugal Coimbra. Condeixa-à-Velha. Conimbriga	Roman Conimbriga	250 CE ~1,776 yrs ago
R10491 Roman Empire Reference	Portugal Monte da Nora	Late Roman Monte Da Nora, Portugal	782 CE ~1,244 yrs ago
R10494 Roman Empire Reference	Portugal Monte da Nora	Late Roman Monte Da Nora, Portugal	682 CE ~1,344 yrs ago
R10496 Roman Empire Reference	Portugal Monte da Nora	Late Roman Monte Da Nora, Portugal	774 CE ~1,252 yrs ago
R10499 Roman Empire Reference	Portugal Cascais. Miroiço	Late Roman Miroico, Portugal	257 CE ~1,769 yrs ago
R10500 Roman Empire	Portugal Cascais. Miroiço	Late Roman Miroico, Portugal	250 CE ~1,776 yrs ago
R10501 Roman Empire Reference	Portugal Cascais. Miroiço	Late Roman Miroico, Portugal	250 CE ~1,776 yrs ago
R10502 Roman Empire Reference	Portugal Cascais. Miroiço	Late Roman Miroico, Portugal	250 CE ~1,776 yrs ago
R10503 Roman Empire Reference	Portugal Cascais. Miroiço	Late Roman Miroico, Portugal	441 CE ~1,585 yrs ago
R10506 Roman Empire Reference	Portugal Cascais. Miroiço	Late Roman Miroico, Portugal	250 CE ~1,776 yrs ago
R10507 Roman Empire Reference	Portugal Cascais. Miroiço	Late Roman Miroico, Portugal	250 CE ~1,776 yrs ago
R10508 Roman Empire Reference	Portugal Cascais. Miroiço	Late Roman Miroico, Portugal	261 CE ~1,765 yrs ago
RIE002 Pre-Agricultural European Reference	Spain La Riera (Asturias, llanes, Quintana)	Solutrean culture	19061 BCE ~21,087 yrs ago
san216 Prehistoric Iberian Reference	Spain Basque country. San Quílez	Late Neolithic Spain	3779 BCE ~5,805 yrs ago	X2b H-L901
TV32032extra Atlantic Bronze Age Reference	Portugal Torre Velha 3	Middle Bronze Age Portugal	1800 BCE ~3,826 yrs ago	X2b-a R-L151
TV3831 Atlantic Bronze Age Reference	Portugal Torre Velha 3	Middle Bronze Age Portugal	1800 BCE ~3,826 yrs ago	H1-d R-P312
VAD001 Iberian Reference	Spain La Rioja. Hervías. Valdescusa	Early Bronze Age Spain	1872 BCE ~3,898 yrs ago	U5b1 R-Z225
VAD002 Iberian Reference	Spain La Rioja. Hervías. Valdescusa	Early Bronze Age Spain	1900 BCE ~3,926 yrs ago	J2b1a2 R-P297
VAD003 Iberian Reference	Spain La Rioja. Hervías. Valdescusa	Early Bronze Age Spain	1900 BCE ~3,926 yrs ago	HV0
VAD004 Iberian Reference	Spain La Rioja. Hervías. Valdescusa	Early Bronze Age Spain	1900 BCE ~3,926 yrs ago	J1c3 R-L151
VAD005 Iberian Reference	Spain La Rioja. Hervías. Valdescusa	Early Bronze Age Spain	1740 BCE ~3,766 yrs ago	J2b1a2 R-P310
ValeOuro10207 Atlantic Bronze Age Reference	Portugal Monte do Vale do Ouro 2	Middle Bronze Age Portugal	1800 BCE ~3,826 yrs ago	U5b1
ZAP002 Ancient Mediterranean Civilizations Reference	Spain Murcia. Lorca. Zapatería	The Argaric Culture of Spain	2200 BCE ~4,226 yrs ago	H5a R1b1a1b1a1a2a1

Page 1 of 1

Archaeological Cultures

Your Connection to Ancient Iberian Cultures

Explore the major archaeological cultures of the Iberian Peninsula and discover which ones your DNA connects you to most strongly.

Iberian Culture

600-200 BCE

The Neolithic to Bronze Age transition in Iberia, covering roughly from 3000 BCE to 1500 BCE, marks a significant period in the region’s prehistoric cultural development. This era is characterized by profound transformations in social structures, technology, and economic practices, influencing the trajectory of societies on the Iberian Peninsula.

Neolithic Period Overview

Social and Settlement Patterns

During the Neolithic period, communities in Iberia were primarily agrarian, with societies organized around small, kin-based settlements. The Neolithic saw the emergence of permanent villages, characterized by simple, rectangular houses made from stone, wood, and clay. Larger community structures such as megalithic tombs began to appear, indicating social stratification and communal religious or ritual practices.

Economy and Technology

The Neolithic economy in Iberia was based on agriculture and animal husbandry, with the cultivation of cereals such as wheat and barley, alongside legumes and fruits. Livestock including cattle, sheep, and goats were integral to the Neolithic lifestyle, providing food, clothing, and labor. Neolithic tools were primarily made from stone, with advancements in the sophistication and specialization of implements for farming and crafting.

Cultural and Artistic Expressions

Cultural practices during the Neolithic were deeply influenced by animistic and possibly shamanistic beliefs, reflected in the region’s rock art, pottery, and ceremonial structures. Pottery from the period is notable for its decorative patterns, which were often geometrical and executed using a range of techniques, including incision and painting.

Transition to the Bronze Age

Metallurgical Advancements

The introduction of metallurgy marks the beginning of the Bronze Age in Iberia, with copper initially being worked in the early Chalcolithic (Copper Age) and later replaced or supplemented by bronze. This transition reflects substantial technological innovation, with the production of metal tools and weapons offering significant advantages over stone counterparts.

Economic and Social Changes

Metallurgy stimulated changes in social and economic structures. There was a shift towards more complex societies with hierarchical organization, likely influenced by the social dynamics surrounding the control and distribution of metal resources. Trade routes expanded as communities sought copper, tin, and other materials, fostering increased interaction and cultural exchange both within Iberia and with neighboring regions.

Emergence of Complex Societies

With the development of enhanced agricultural techniques and surplus production, populations grew, leading to the establishment of more complex, stratified societies. Settlement patterns shifted from isolated hamlets to more centralized and fortified sites, often located strategically for trade or defense.

Cultural Developments

Architecture and Settlement Structures

The Bronze Age saw more sophisticated architectural developments, including the construction of fortified hilltop settlements known as \castros." These structures provided defense and symbolized the increasing social differentiation and competition among groups.

Ritual and Ideology

The ideological landscape evolved with the construction of elaborate burial sites and monuments, such as tholoi (beehive-shaped tombs) and large stone stelae featuring anthropomorphic and symbolic engravings. These structures indicate a continuation and enhancement of ritual significance from the Neolithic period, suggesting a continuity of beliefs but with evolving expressions.

Art and Craftsmanship

Bronze Age art in Iberia demonstrates increased sophistication, seen in finely crafted metalwork, including weapons, jewelry, and ceremonial objects. Pottery continued to evolve, with styles reflecting broader European influences yet retaining distinctly Iberian characteristics.

Regional Variations

Throughout Iberia, regional differences emerged in the pace and nature of the Neolithic to Bronze Age transition. In the southwest, particularly around modern-day Portugal, the process was more rapid, possibly due to earlier exposure to metallurgical practices. In contrast, northern and northeastern regions exhibited a slower transition, maintaining Neolithic practices longer due to geographical isolation or resistance to change.

Conclusion

The Neolithic to Bronze Age transition in Iberia represents a pivotal era that laid the foundations for the region's later historical developments. This period of technological innovation, social restructuring, and cultural diversification reflects the dynamic interactions of local traditions with wider European influences, setting the stage for the subsequent Iron Age societies and the eventual emergence of recognizable historical cultures in Iberia, such as the Tartessians, Iberians, and Celtiberians."

Cultural Match 43.6%

4 matches

You show a significant connection, suggesting meaningful ancestral influence from this culture.

El Argar Culture

2200-1550 BCE

The Argaric culture was a significant Bronze Age civilization in prehistoric Spain, thriving between approximately 2200 and 1500 BCE in the region of what is now southeastern Iberia, particularly in the area of modern-day Almería and Murcia. Named after the site of El Argar, which was first excavated in the early 20th century, this culture is renowned for its distinctive social, economic, and architectural developments.

Geography and Environment

The Argaric culture developed in a landscape characterized by rugged terrain, including mountains, valleys, and a semi-arid climate. The geography played a crucial role in shaping the society, given the strategic placement of their settlements. Many sites were located on elevated positions, providing natural defenses and control over surrounding territories, essential during an era marked by competitive interactions between communities.

Social Structure

The Argaric society is noted for its hierarchical social organization. Archaeological evidence suggests a tiered social structure, with elites enjoying greater access to resources compared to commoners. This differentiation is evident in burial practices, where elite graves often contained rich assemblages of goods, such as weapons, jewelry, and pottery, indicating a society with substantial social stratification.

Economy and Trade

Agriculture formed the backbone of the Argaric economy, with communities cultivating cereals like barley and wheat, alongside legumes and fruits. They practiced pastoralism, rearing animals such as sheep, goats, and cattle, which supplemented their diet and provided raw materials like wool and hides.

The Argarics were skilled metallurgists, producing a variety of bronze tools and weapons, which were of great economic and social importance. Their mastery of metallurgy facilitated trade both locally and with distant regions, exchanging goods such as metals, pottery, and textiles. Evidence suggests they were part of broader trade networks throughout the Mediterranean, exchanging goods with other contemporary cultures.

Settlements and Architecture

The architectural developments of the Argaric culture reflect their complex society. Settlements were typically fortified with stone walls, and houses were constructed using stone foundations and mud-brick walls. Some larger sites, like La Bastida, exhibit advanced urban planning, with terraced layouts and complex water management systems, indicating sophisticated engineering skills.

Public buildings, such as warehouses and possibly communal gathering spaces, suggest organized communal activities, while the presence of granaries underscores the importance of agriculture. Argaric architecture reveals insights into their adaptation to environmental challenges and social needs.

Funeral Practices

Burial customs of the Argaric culture were distinct, reflecting their social hierarchy. Common practices included individual burials within settlements, often beneath the floors of dwellings. Graves were furnished with items indicating the deceased's social status; affluent burials contained ornate pottery, metalwork items, and tools.

The diversity and richness of grave goods provide critical insights into the roles and identities within their society, revealing differences in wealth, status, and possibly profession or familial lineage. The burials offer a window into their beliefs about death and the afterlife while illuminating the organization of their community.

Cultural and Technological Contributions

The Argaric culture contributed significantly to the technological and cultural landscape of prehistoric Iberia. Their advancements in metallurgy, particularly the production and use of bronze, represent a major technological leap. Their aesthetic contributions, visible in pottery styles with distinctive geometric patterns and polished surfaces, highlight artistic expression and cultural identity.

Decline and Legacy

Around 1500 BCE, the Argaric culture began to decline, possibly due to environmental changes, resource depletion, or social upheaval. The reasons for their decline remain a subject of scholarly debate, yet the culture's influence persisted in subsequent Iberian societies.

The legacy of the Argaric culture is observed in the continued development of metallurgy and trade networks in the region, influencing later cultural traditions. The archaeological record left by the Argarics provides a crucial understanding of the social and technological advancements during the Bronze Age in the Iberian Peninsula, painting a vivid picture of a sophisticated and innovative society.

Cultural Match 10.9%

1 match

Your connection indicates a notable ancestral link to this Iberian tradition.

Celtiberian Culture

400-100 BCE

The Celtiberian Culture was a significant archaeological culture in ancient Iberia.

Cultural Match 10.9%

1 match

Your connection indicates a notable ancestral link to this Iberian tradition.

Culture assignments are based on the archaeological context and era classifications of your matched ancient DNA samples. These connections reflect genetic similarities to populations associated with specific archaeological cultures in the Iberian Peninsula.

Regional Heritage

Your Iberian Regional Connections

Discover which modern regions of Spain and Portugal show the strongest genetic connections to your ancestry.

Strongest Regional Connection

Catalonia, Spain

59.1%

Northeastern Spain, home to ancient Iberian and Roman settlements.

5 ancient matches

Regional Match 59.1%

Regional Match 23.6%

Regional Match 11.8%

Regional assignments are based on the geographic locations where your matched ancient DNA samples were discovered. These connections reflect genetic similarities to populations from specific regions of the Iberian Peninsula. Click on any region card to explore the samples from that area.

Archaeological Sites

Notable Archaeological Sites

Discover the archaeological sites across the Iberian Peninsula where your matched ancient DNA samples were discovered.

These archaeological sites represent locations where multiple ancient DNA samples matching your genetic profile were discovered. Each site provides valuable insights into the populations that once inhabited these regions.

Genetic Continuity

Your Ancestral Story

Understanding what your genetic connections reveal about your Iberian ancestry.

Your genetic connections are strongest to later historical periods, suggesting ancestry linked to Iron Age, Roman, or Medieval populations of Iberia.

0.0 %

Pre-Indo-European Heritage

Mesolithic & Neolithic

~10,000 - 3,000 BCE

These represent the earliest inhabitants of Iberia, hunter-gatherers and early farmers who established the foundation of Iberian genetic diversity.

35.6 %

Steppe Migration Influence

Chalcolithic & Bronze Age

~3,000 - 800 BCE

These periods saw migrations from the Steppe regions, bringing new genetic signatures and cultural practices to Iberia, including metallurgy and new social structures.

Strongest

57.2 %

Historical Period Connections

Iron Age, Roman & Medieval

~800 BCE - 1500 CE

These later periods reflect the complex interactions between indigenous Iberian populations and various historical influences, including Roman colonization and later migrations.

What This Means

Your genetic profile tells a story of continuity and change. While some populations maintained genetic continuity over thousands of years, migrations and cultural exchanges brought new genetic signatures that shaped the modern Iberian gene pool. Your results reflect this rich tapestry of population movements and interactions.

Cultural Periods

Your Iberian Timeline

Your genetic connections to six major periods of Iberian history, from prehistoric to medieval.

Your Iberian Ancient Matches Through Time

10,000 BCE — 1000 CE | 9 ancient connections across 11+ millennia

Mesolithic 0.0%

Neolithic 0.0%

Chalcolithic 15.2%

Bronze Age 20.4%

Iron Age 2.4%

Roman/Medieval 54.8%

10,000 BCE

5,000 BCE

2,000 BCE

0 CE

1000 CE

NEO649

NEO649 2402 BCE Asturian Chalcolithic Culture

MMI004

MMI004 2000 BCE The Argaric Culture of Southeast Iberia

esp005

esp005 1600 BCE Bronze Age Spain

I12641

I12641 786 BCE Iron Age Spain

I8344

I8344 500 BCE Greek Period Spain

I8205

I8205 300 BCE Hellenistic Period Spain

R10500

R10500 250 CE Late Roman Miroico, Portugal

I3579

I3579 400 CE Visigothic Period Granada, Spain

I3776

I3776 600 CE Visigothic Period Barcelona, Spain

Roman/Medieval 54.8%

Bronze Age 20.4%

Chalcolithic 15.2%

Iron Age 2.4%

Mesolithic 0.0%

Neolithic 0.0%

Through the Ages

Your Iberian Journey Through Time

Your DNA tells a story that spans millennia. Each era below represents a chapter of Iberian history where your ancient matches left their mark—from the last hunter-gatherers to the builders of medieval kingdoms.

1 connection

Visigothic Period Granada, Spain

From Hispania to the Visigothic kingdoms

The Visigothic Period in the Iberian Peninsula, which spans approximately from the early 5th century until the early 8th century, is a fascinating era marked by the transformation of Roman Hispania into a part of the Germanic world under the rule of the Visigoths. Despite the absence of detailed historical records specifically focusing on Granada during this period, we can outline an extensive description of the Visigothic rule in the region that eventually became Granada, embedded within the broader context of the Visigothic Kingdom in Spain.

Historical Background

The Visigoths, originally a Germanic tribe from Eastern Europe, migrated into Roman territories due to pressures from the Huns. Following their victory over the Romans at the Battle of Adrianople in 378 and the subsequent sack of Rome in 410 under King Alaric I, the Visigoths moved further into the Roman Empire. By the early 5th century, they had settled in the Iberian Peninsula. The Visigothic Kingdom established its supremacy over the region after pushing out the Vandals, Alans, and Suebi.

Visigothic Rule in Granada

Granada, known for its strategic location in the southern part of the Iberian Peninsula, was relatively unremarked upon in historical texts during the Visigothic Period. However, its geographical significance likely meant it served as an important military and trade hub connecting the kingdom to the Mediterranean and North Africa.

Social Structure and Culture

The Visigothic society was a synthesis of Roman and Germanic influences. Initially, the ruling class comprised the Visigothic nobility, while the majority of the population was Romanized Iberians. Over time, intermarriage and social integration led to a more homogenized culture, albeit with clear distinctions in initial decades.

Christianity, which had spread across the Roman Empire, also became the official religion of the Visigothic Kingdom, replacing Arianism – a branch of Christianity initially practiced by the Goths. The conversion to Catholicism under King Reccared I in 589 was significant as it further integrated the Visigoths with the Roman-Iberian populace, promoting unity and reducing religious tensions.

Architecture and Art

The Visigoths are noted for a unique architectural style that melded Roman techniques with their own. In the region that would become Granada, evidence of Visigothic architectural influence is sparse, but existing structures elsewhere in the Iberian Peninsula, such as churches and fortifications, suggest that similar developments might have occurred.

Visigothic art is noted for its intricate jewelry and metalwork, characterized by impressive use of gold and precious stones. While direct archaeological finds specific to Granada from this period may be limited, similar artifacts have been found in greater Iberia, indicating such artistry was widespread.

Law and Governance

The Visigothic legal system was an important aspect of their governance, especially with the creation of the \Liber Judiciorum" (Book of Sentences) under King Recceswinth in the mid-7th century. This legal code unified Roman law and Visigothic customs, applicable to both Goths and Hispano-Romans, and played a crucial role in the administration and societal organization.

Economy

The economy during the Visigothic rule was primarily agrarian, with subsistence agriculture being the mainstay of the population. Trade routes passed through areas like Granada, connecting regions and facilitating the exchange of goods such as olive oil, wine, and ceramics. The coastal proximity also provided access to maritime routes.

Decline and Legacy

The Visigothic rule in the Iberian Peninsula eventually weakened due to internal strife and external pressures, culminating in the Muslim Umayyad conquest beginning in 711. The lack of central control and military cohesion among the Visigoths made the region susceptible to external invasions.

Despite their downfall, the Visigothic legacy persisted in the form of cultural and legal precedents that influenced the emerging medieval Iberian kingdoms. Their early efforts at synthesis of different cultures set a foundational precedent for the more complex intermixing that would characterize Andalusian society in the centuries to follow.

In summary, while specific details about Granada during the Visigothic period may remain vague due to limited direct sources, the era's broader cultural, social, and legal developments undoubtedly impacted the region's historical trajectory. The Visigothic influence in the Iberian Peninsula set the stage for future cultural and political dynamics that defined much of medieval Spanish history."

1 Sample

1 Country

~1,626 Years Ago

Genetic Signatures

E-Z1919 1 H1e1a6 1

Ancient Individuals from this Era

I3579

Regions Represented

Spain (1)

1 connection

Asturian Chalcolithic Culture

The Bell Beaker phenomenon reaches its heartland

The Asturian Chalcolithic culture, a subset of the broader Chalcolithic era, is a fascinating and richly complex period in the prehistory of the Iberian Peninsula, particularly associated with the region now known as Asturias in northwestern Spain. This era marks an evolutionary phase between the late Neolithic and the onset of the Bronze Age, typically dated between approximately 2500 and 1800 BCE. It is during this time that human societies in Asturias underwent significant transformations due to technological advancements, environmental adaptations, and sociocultural developments.

Geographical Context

Asturias is characterized by its rugged landscapes, a combination of mountainous terrains, deep valleys, and a coastline along the Cantabrian Sea, which significantly influenced the lifestyle and cultural practices of its ancient inhabitants. The region's rich natural resources, including extensive forests, rivers, and proximity to the sea, provided a bountiful environment for early human settlement.

Technological and Material Culture

The Chalcolithic era is distinguished by the introduction and development of copper metallurgy, which was a significant technological advancement over the stone tools of the Neolithic. In Asturias, evidence of early metalwork includes the production of copper tools and ornaments, which coexisted with traditional stone implements. Pottery from this period shows increased sophistication, with the development of new forms and decorative techniques that indicate a complex cultural expression and an understanding of functional and aesthetic design.

Subsistence and Economy

Agriculture during the Asturian Chalcolithic became more intensified and diversified, with a reliance on crops such as wheat, barley, and legumes, complemented by pastoralism. Animal husbandry included cattle, sheep, goats, and pigs, which were essential for meat, milk, wool, and transportation. The proximity to the coast allowed for fishing and shellfish gathering, adding diversity to the diet. The combination of agriculture, livestock management, and exploitation of marine resources points to a mixed subsistence strategy that enhanced food security and economic stability.

Settlement Patterns

Settlements during this period were typically small, with clusters of circular or oval huts constructed from wood, stone, and thatch. These villages were often located on elevated terrains or near water sources, providing strategic advantages for defense and resource utilization. The communal nature of these settlements suggests a degree of social organization, with evidence of collective labor in building projects and community resource management.

Social Structure and Cultural Practices

The social structure of the Asturian Chalcolithic culture likely comprised extended family groups or clans, with social hierarchy becoming more pronounced over time. This is inferred from burial practices, which include megalithic tombs such as dolmens and cairns. These structures not only served as collective burial sites but also as territorial markers and symbols of social status.

Rituals and religious practices were integral to the community, possibly involving ancestor worship and animistic beliefs tied to the natural landscape. The presence of grave goods, including pottery, tools, and ornaments, suggests a belief in an afterlife and the importance of status even in death.

Interaction and Exchange

The Asturian Chalcolithic people participated in long-distance trade networks, as indicated by the distribution of non-local materials such as obsidian, amber, and certain types of pottery. These exchanges facilitated cultural interactions with neighboring regions and contributed to the diffusion of technological innovations and ideas.

Legacy and Transition

The Asturian Chalcolithic culture set the stage for subsequent cultural developments leading into the Bronze Age. The technological, economic, and social advances during this era provided the foundation for increasingly complex societies. The shift towards more hierarchical social structures, advanced metallurgy, and expanded trade networks highlights a period of dynamic change in prehistoric Iberia.

In summary, the Asturian Chalcolithic culture represents a dynamic and formative period in the pre-Celtic history of the Iberian Peninsula, characterized by technological innovation, economic diversification, and evolving social complexity. These developments laid important groundwork for the region's future cultural and historical trajectories.

1 Sample

1 Country

~4,428 Years Ago

Genetic Signatures

R-L23 1 H1+16355 1

Ancient Individuals from this Era

NEO649

Regions Represented

Spain (1)

1 connection

Bronze Age Spain

El Argar rises: warriors and metalworkers of the south

The Bronze Age in the Iberian Peninsula, including what is now modern-day Spain, is a fascinating and complex period that roughly spans from 2300 BCE to 700 BCE. This era marks significant advancements in metallurgy, societal structuring, and cultural development, influenced by various interactions between local and foreign cultures.

Geography and Environment

Bronze Age Spain was characterized by diverse geographical zones including the Mediterranean coastal areas, the interior Meseta, the northern mountainous regions, and the western areas along the Atlantic. These diverse landscapes influenced settlement patterns and economic activities, with coastal regions engaging more in trade while inland areas focused on agriculture and metallurgy.

Social Structure and Settlements

Society during this era was predominantly agricultural, with evidence of small, scattered villages and some larger fortified settlements, particularly in southern Spain. The emergence of such settlements suggests a stratified society, likely with chieftains or tribal leaders who controlled local resources and trade. The presence of fortified sites indicates concerns about security and possibly conflicts or rivalries among different groups or tribes.

Economy and Trade

The economy of Bronze Age Spain was primarily based on agriculture, supplemented by hunting and gathering. The introduction of metallurgy, particularly bronze working, was transformative. Copper ore was widespread, and tin, although less abundant, could be sourced or traded for, allowing for the production of bronze tools and weapons. Trade networks extended across the Mediterranean, connecting Iberian communities with those in the eastern Mediterranean, North Africa, and Europe. This trade was facilitated by the region's coastal access, which played a crucial role in the exchange of goods and cultural influences.

Cultural Influences and Developments

Bronze Age Spain was a melting pot of various cultures. Indigenous cultures such as the Los Millares and El Argar in the southeast were integral to the cultural landscape. The Los Millares culture, in particular, is noted for its significant advancements in fortifications and burial practices, while El Argar culture is known for its social stratification and sophisticated metalworking. These cultures developed distinctive pottery styles and burial practices, including tholos tombs and pit graves.

Contact with other Mediterranean cultures such as the Phoenicians and Mycenaeans likely influenced local Iberian cultures, leading to technological advancements and the adoption of new customs and social structures. The Phoenicians, who settled on the southern coast, significantly impacted local cultures through trade and cultural exchange, introducing new technologies and artistic styles.

Religion and Burial Practices

Religious beliefs during the Bronze Age in Spain are inferred from archaeological finds, including sanctuaries and burial sites. There was a variety of burial practices, which included individual and collective tombs. Megalithic structures, such as dolmens and standing stones, remained significant throughout this period. These structures often served as communal burial sites and possibly as territorial markers or places of worship.

Technological Innovations

The major technological advancement of this era was the development and refinement of metallurgy. The ability to create bronze from copper and tin allowed for the production of stronger and more durable tools and weapons, spurring advancements in agriculture, warfare, and craftsmanship. Artifacts such as swords, axes, and jewelry from this period demonstrate high levels of skill and artistry.

Conclusion

Bronze Age Spain was a dynamic and formative period in the history of the Iberian Peninsula, characterized by technological innovation, increasing social complexity, and cultural exchanges. These developments laid the groundwork for the subsequent Iron Age cultures and the eventual Romanization of the region. The archaeological record from this period, consisting of settlements, artifacts, and burial sites, provides valuable insights into the lives of the people who lived in prehistoric Iberia.

1 Sample

1 Country

~3,626 Years Ago

Genetic Signatures

R1b-DF27 1 K1-a 1

Ancient Individuals from this Era

esp005

Regions Represented

Spain (1)

1 connection

Greek Period Spain

An era of human history

The period between 600 and 300 BCE in Iberia, which is present-day Spain and Portugal, was a fascinating time characterized by the interaction between the indigenous cultures and the expanding Greek presence. This era, often referred to as the Greek Period in Iberia, was marked by significant cultural, economic, and political developments, as well as the fusion of local Iberian elements with Greek influences.

Historical Context

Greek Colonization

During the Classical Greek era, the expansive nature of Greek civilization had led to widespread colonization across the Mediterranean. Many Greeks, motivated by trade, search for arable land, and political exile, established settlements along the southern and eastern coasts of the Iberian Peninsula. The most notable among these settlements was Emporion (modern-day Empúries) founded around the 6th century BCE. This foothold served as a critical hub for trade and cultural exchange.

Indigenous Cultures

The Iberian Peninsula was home to a variety of indigenous peoples with diverse cultures and languages. Prominent among them were the Tartessians in the southwest, a sophisticated society known for their wealth and metalworking skills. Further inland, the Iberians and Celtiberians occupied regions with distinct societal structures and traditions. These communities were primarily tribal, with strong warrior classes and advanced agricultural techniques.

Cultural Interactions

Trade and Economy

Greek settlers in Iberia established extensive trade networks facilitated by Iberia's rich natural resources, such as silver, tin, and copper. These networks extended throughout the Mediterranean and even into the Atlantic. Greek merchants brought goods such as olive oil, wine, and ceramics to Iberia, which were highly prized by the local populations. Conversely, the indigenous peoples supplied the Greeks and other Mediterranean cultures with precious metals, salted fish, and livestock.

Arts and Architecture

The fusion of Greek and Iberian artistic expressions is evident in archaeological findings. Greek pottery, with its characteristic red and black figure designs, influenced local ceramic styles. Additionally, sculpture and metalwork began to incorporate Greek motifs and techniques, leading to unique hybrid forms. The introduction of Greek styles and practices in temple and urban architecture also marked this era, with evidence of monumental buildings in Emporion and elsewhere.

Social and Religious Aspects

Societal Changes

The Greek presence had a profound impact on the social structures within Iberia. As trade flourished, wealth accumulation became more pronounced, leading to new social stratifications within the indigenous societies. A select class of natives gained prominence through trade alliances with the Greeks, resulting in both social and political shifts.

Religious Syncretism

Religion and spiritual practices in Iberia also underwent transformations during this period. Greek mythology and religious practices started blending with indigenous beliefs, leading to a syncretic religious landscape. Archaeological evidence suggests the introduction of Greek deities into local pantheons, alongside traditional Iberian gods and rituals.

Enduring Legacy

The Greek period in Iberia left an indelible mark on the region. Despite the eventual decline of Greek dominance as other powers like the Carthaginians and Romans entered the scene, the Greek impact on language, urban planning, and art persisted. Greek influence laid foundational aspects for what would become the Roman Hispania, eventually blending into the broader narrative of Iberian history.

Conclusion

The Greek Period in Spain from 600-300 BCE was a dynamic era of cultural exchange and transformation. This period established deep-rooted connections that transcended mere trade. Through the interplay of indigenous and Greek cultures, a new societal framework emerged, characterized by economic prosperity, social complexity, and enriched cultural landscapes. The peninsula during this time became a vibrant tapestry of interconnected traditions that would continue to evolve in the centuries to follow.

1 Sample

1 Country

~2,526 Years Ago

Genetic Signatures

R-P297 1 H3 1

Ancient Individuals from this Era

I8344

Regions Represented

Spain (1)

1 connection

The Argaric Culture of Southeast Iberia

El Argar rises: warriors and metalworkers of the south

The Argaric culture, also referred to as the Argaric society, flourished in Southeast Iberia during the Early Bronze Age, approximately between 2200 BC and 1550 BC. This culture is named after the type site El Argar, located in what is now the province of Almería, Spain. The Argaric culture represents one of the most complex societies of prehistoric Iberia, marked by its distinctive socio-political structures, advanced metalworking, and unique settlement patterns.

Geographic and Environmental Context

The Argaric society developed in the semi-arid region of Southeast Iberia, encompassing parts of modern-day Murcia and Almería. The geography of the region, characterized by mountainous terrain and fertile valleys, played a crucial role in shaping the Argaric way of life. The presence of mineral resources, especially copper and silver, facilitated their development into one of the first state-level societies in the Iberian Peninsula.

Settlement Patterns and Architecture

Argaric settlements were typically located on elevated terrains, including hilltops and plateaus, which offered natural defenses. These settlements ranged from small hamlets to larger fortified sites. One of the most significant aspects of Argaric architecture was the use of stone and mud-brick for constructions. Buildings were often rectangular and tightly clustered, reflecting a well-organized urban planning system.

Notable sites like El Argar and La Bastida are exemplary of the culture's architectural prowess. La Bastida, in particular, is notable for its advanced fortifications, including defensive walls and towers, which indicate an emphasis on defense and social control.

Social Structure and Economy

The Argaric society is marked by a hierarchical social structure. Archaeological evidence suggests the presence of a ruling elite who managed the society's complex economy and controlled the production and distribution of goods. This is evidenced by the variation in grave goods, with elites being buried with luxury items such as weapons, jewelry, and elaborate pottery.

The economy was primarily based on agriculture, metallurgy, and trade. The Argaric people practiced advanced agricultural techniques, including irrigation, which allowed them to cultivate cereals, legumes, and fruits. Animal husbandry was also significant, with sheep, goats, and cattle being the primary livestock.

Metallurgy was a cornerstone of the Argaric economy. The culture is renowned for its proficient metalworking skills, producing tools, weapons, and ornaments from copper, bronze, and silver. The control over metal resources and production likely contributed to the society's hierarchical structure and its expansion.

Burial Practices

Argaric burial customs are among the most well-documented aspects of their culture, providing insight into their social organization and beliefs. The dead were often buried within the settlement, under the floors of houses, or in communal areas, indicating a close connection between the living and the deceased.

Grave goods varied significantly, with wealthier individuals being interred with an array of prestigious items such as metal weapons, jewelry, and pottery, while others were buried with more modest goods. This clear differentiation underscores the existence of social stratification within Argaric society.

Art and Pottery

The Argaric culture is noted for its distinctive pottery, which includes bowls, cups, and storage vessels with polished surfaces and simple geometric decorations. Although not as elaborate as the ceramics from other Iberian cultures, Argaric pottery reflects the practicality and functional needs of their society.

Interactions and Influence

The Argaric society engaged in trade with neighboring cultures, facilitating the exchange of goods and ideas. This interaction not only spread their influence across the Iberian Peninsula but also allowed them to incorporate external elements into their culture.

Decline

The decline of the Argaric culture around 1550 BC is not completely understood. Potential reasons include environmental changes, resource depletion, or conflicts. Following the collapse, their territories were gradually occupied by other emerging Iberian cultures.

In conclusion, the Argaric culture of Southeast Iberia was a highly organized society characterized by its advancements in metallurgy, unique burial practices, and a hierarchical social structure. Its contributions to the Bronze Age world, particularly in terms of social organization and resource management, make it a pivotal subject of study for understanding the prehistoric development of the Iberian Peninsula.

1 Sample

1 Country

~4,026 Years Ago

Genetic Signatures

R1b1a1b1a1a2 1 K1a1b1 1

Ancient Individuals from this Era

MMI004

Regions Represented

Spain (1)

1 connection

Late Roman Miroico, Portugal

From Hispania to the Visigothic kingdoms

The Late Roman period in Portugal, known as the \Miroico" era among historians, is a fascinating epoch that brings together the rich tapestry of Roman influence and the unique cultural elements that emerged in the Iberian Peninsula. This era spans roughly from the 3rd to the early 5th century AD, during which the region that is now modern-day Portugal was part of the Roman Empire.

Historical Context

In the late 3rd century, the Roman Empire was undergoing significant transformations and challenges, including political instability, economic troubles, and increased pressure from external groups. Despite these challenges, Roman control in the Iberian Peninsula, particularly in the future territory of Portugal, remained intact. The region was part of the province of Lusitania, which was an important administrative division within the empire, known for its strategic location and resources.

Socio-Political Structure

During the Miroico period, the socio-political structure was characterized by a blend of Roman administrative practices and local customs. The Roman influence was evident in the establishment of colonies and municipia, which served as centers of Roman law and culture. These cities were often governed by local elites who had been Romanized and who played a crucial role in maintaining the stability and continuity of Roman traditions and governance in the region.

Economy and Trade

The economy of Late Roman Miroico Portugal was diverse, benefiting from both agricultural and mineral wealth. The fertile lands of Lusitania were conducive to the cultivation of wheat, olives, and grapes, while the region's rivers and coastline supported fishing industries. Additionally, mining activities were significant, with the extraction of gold, silver, and copper being particularly important to the economy. Trade routes connected Portugal with other parts of the Roman Empire, facilitating the exchange of goods such as ceramics, textiles, and wines.

Cultural and Religious Influence

Culturally, the Late Roman period in Portugal was marked by a mix of Roman and indigenous influences. The Latin language served as the lingua franca, and Roman law and customs were prominent. However, local traditions and languages persisted among the rural and tribal communities. This period also saw the spread of Christianity, which gradually took root and began to transform religious life. By the end of the Miroico era, Christian communities were becoming more established, setting the stage for the significant religious changes of the early Middle Ages.

Architectural and Artistic Achievements

The architecture of Late Roman Portugal reflects the grandeur of imperial Roman design combined with local adaptations. Cities such as Olisipo (modern Lisbon) and Emerita Augusta (modern Mérida, just across the border in Spain) showcased structures like temples, amphitheaters, and baths that were built using advanced Roman engineering techniques. Mosaics and sculptures from this time reveal a blend of Roman artistic styles with local motifs, offering insight into the cultural syncretism that characterized the era.

Challenges and Transformation

Despite the achievements, the Late Roman period in Portugal was not without its challenges. The arrival of migrating tribes such as the Suebi and Vandals in the early 5th century marked the start of significant upheaval. These incursions led to the weakening of Roman control and set the stage for the eventual fall of Roman influence and the beginnings of the medieval period in the Iberian Peninsula.

Conclusion

The Late Roman Miroico era in Portugal was a time of both continuity and change. It represents the final chapter of Roman influence in the region before the transition to Visigothic and ultimately medieval rule. This period laid the foundation for many social, cultural, and political developments that would continue to evolve in the centuries to follow. The blend of Roman and local elements created a unique legacy that is still palpable in Portugal's cultural fabric today."

1 Sample

1 Country

~1,776 Years Ago

Ancient Individuals from this Era

R10500

Regions Represented

Portugal (1)

1 connection

Iron Age Spain

Celtiberians, Iberians, and Tartessians shape a peninsula

The Iron Age in the Iberian Peninsula, encompassing modern-day Spain and Portugal, marks a significant period of cultural, social, and technological transformation. This era, roughly spanning from the 8th century BCE to the Roman conquest in the 1st century BCE, witnessed the rise of complex societies, intricate trade networks, and diverse cultural interactions.

Geographic and Temporal Context

The Iron Age in Iberia is typically divided into two broad phases: the Early Iron Age (c. 800–600 BCE) and the Late Iron Age (c. 600–218 BCE, ending with Roman occupation). The region during this time consisted of a patchwork of distinct cultures, including the Iberians in the east and south, the Celts in the west and center, and varying influences from Phoenicians, Greeks, and later Carthaginians and Romans.

Socio-Political Structures

Iberians: The Iberians were primarily located along the eastern and southern coasts of the peninsula. They developed advanced urban centers and sophisticated political structures, often ruled by local chieftains or kings. They established fortified towns known as oppida and engaged extensively in trade with neighboring cultures, leveraging their strategic coastal locations.

Celtic Tribes: The central and western regions were inhabited by numerous Celtic tribes, known for their warrior culture and tribal organization. Unlike the Iberians, the Celtic social organization was more decentralized, with power often resting in local tribal leaders or councils.

Economy and Trade

Iberian economies were diverse and largely agrarian, with agriculture, pastoralism, and metalwork forming the economic backbone. The Iberians were skilled metalworkers, excelling in the production of weapons, tools, and decorative items using iron and bronze.

Trade played a crucial role in the economy. Coastal Iberian communities engaged in extensive trade with Phoenicians, Greeks, and later Carthaginians, exchanging local commodities like olive oil, wine, and mineral resources for luxury goods, pottery, and other wares.

Cultural and Religious Practices

The Iberians developed a distinct script, known as the Iberian script, which demonstrates their advanced intellectual culture. Art and architecture flourished, characterized by elaborate sculptures, ceramics, and lavishly decorated tombs.

Religious practices were diverse, incorporating animism, ancestor worship, and the veneration of deities linked to natural forces. Religious rituals often involved animal sacrifices and offerings, with sacred spaces and shrines scattered across the landscape.

Urbanism and Architecture

Iron Age Iberia saw the development of sophisticated urban centers, especially among the Iberians. Cities and towns were often fortified, reflecting both military needs and social organization. Notable Iberian cities such as Emporion (modern Ampurias) highlight the influence of Greek urban planning and architecture.

The architecture included stone-built structures, often with complex layouts for domestic, religious, and defensive purposes. The urban centers featured advanced infrastructure, including roads, water systems, and public buildings.

Conflict and Warfare

Warfare was a defining aspect of the Iron Age in Iberia, with frequent conflicts both among native tribes and against foreign invaders. The introduction and widespread use of iron weaponry revolutionized military practices. Iberian tribes were known for their cavalry units and distinctive weaponry, including the falcata, a curved sword that became iconic in the region.

Influence of External Cultures

The Iron Age in Iberia was marked by significant external influences. The Phoenicians established colonies like Gadir (modern Cádiz) as early as the 9th century BCE, bringing with them advanced maritime technology, writing systems, and religious ideas. Greek settlers also established trading colonies along the coast, further enhancing cultural exchanges.

By the 5th century BCE, Carthaginian influence began to grow, culminating in their dominance over the southern part of the peninsula. These interactions culminated with the arrival of the Romans in the 3rd century BCE, leading to the eventual Roman conquest and incorporation of Iberian societies into the Roman Empire, which brought profound cultural transformation.

Conclusion

The Iron Age in Iberia was a dynamic and complex period characterized by significant cultural evolution, technological advancements, and the establishment of diverse societies. The interaction between indigenous peoples and external cultures laid the groundwork for the rich and varied cultural tapestry that defined the Iberian Peninsula in antiquity.

1 Sample

1 Country

~2,812 Years Ago

Genetic Signatures

R-M269 1 HV0d 1

Ancient Individuals from this Era

I12641

Regions Represented

Spain (1)

1 connection

Visigothic Period Barcelona, Spain

El Argar rises: warriors and metalworkers of the south

The Visigothic period in Barcelona, part of the broader history of Visigothic Spain, is a fascinating era marked by significant cultural, political, and social transformations. The Visigoths, a branch of the Germanic Goths, played a crucial role in the history of the Iberian Peninsula after the decline of the Roman Empire. Barcelona, known as Barcino during Roman times, became an important urban center during the Visigothic era. Here is an extensive and detailed description of this period and its cultural implications:

Historical Context

Fall of the Roman Empire: The decline of the Roman Empire in the west during the 5th century CE created a power vacuum that various barbarian tribes sought to fill. Among these were the Visigoths, who originally migrated from their homeland in Scandinavia, moved southwards through Eastern Europe, and eventually into Roman territories.
Settlement in Iberia: After initially sacking Rome under King Alaric I in 410 CE, the Visigoths were settled in what is now southwestern France, and subsequently extended their control into the Iberian Peninsula. They made Toledo their capital, but Barcelona was one of the prominent cities due to its strategic location and Roman infrastructure.

Cultural and Social Aspects

Fusion of Cultures: The Visigoths, though Germanic by origin, assimilated various aspects of Roman culture. Many embraced Christianity, specifically adopting Arianism before converting to Nicene Christianity later. This led to a blending of Germanic and Roman traditions, visible in legal systems, art, and religious practices.
Language and Legacy: Latin remained the lingua franca, especially in educated and clerical circles. However, the Visigothic code of law, known as the \Lex Visigothorum," was a milestone that shaped future legal systems in Spain.

Political Structure

Monarchy: The Visigothic political structure was centered around a monarchy that combined Germanic tribal traditions with Roman administrative practices. Kings were often elected by noble warriors, and power was frequently contested, leading to instability.
Administration and Urban Life: Barcelona, during the Visigothic period, served as an administrative center. The city retained its Roman fortifications, which were expanded by the Visigoths. Public life continued in Roman fashion, with infrastructure like roads, aqueducts, and baths still in use.

Economic Factors

Agriculture and Trade: The Visigoths continued Roman agricultural practices, growing crops and raising livestock typical of the region. Trade networks, disrupted during the transition from Roman to Visigothic rule, eventually stabilized, reinforcing connections with the Mediterranean and beyond.

Religious Transformation

Christianity: Initially, the Visigoths adhered to Arian Christianity, distinct in theology and often at odds with the Roman Catholic Church. This religious distinction was a vestige of their past but gradually changed. In 589 CE, under King Reccared I, the Visigothic kingdom officially converted to Roman Catholicism, significantly impacting religious unity and church-state relationships.
Church Influence: The Catholic Church emerged as a significant social and political force, with church councils gaining influence over secular and ecclesiastical matters. Important ecclesiastical figures in Barcelona were pivotal in shaping policies and religious practices.

Architectural and Artistic Developments

Architecture: Visigothic architecture in Barcelona reflected a mix of Roman, Byzantine, and Germanic influences. Structures of religious and civic significance, such as churches and basilicas, were characterized by distinctive horseshoe arches and intricate stonework.
Art and Artifacts: The period saw the production of ornate metalwork and jewelry, often adorned with precious stones. Religious iconography began to evolve, incorporating Christian symbols in the traditional Germanic style.

Conclusion

The Visigothic period in Barcelona was a time of transition and cultural amalgamation. Despite the challenges of political fragmentation and external threats, the era laid the groundwork for future developments in the region. As the Visigothic Kingdom declined in the early 8th century, culminating in the Muslim conquests, the cultural legacy they left behind continued to influence the identity and history of Barcelona and the broader Iberian Peninsula. The Visigoths’ mix of Roman, Germanic, and Christian elements created a unique chapter in the story of Spain's complex past."

1 Sample

1 Country

~1,426 Years Ago

Genetic Signatures

U5a1i1 1

Ancient Individuals from this Era

I3776

Regions Represented

Spain (1)

1 connection

Medieval Spain

From Hispania to the Visigothic kingdoms

Medieval Spain refers to the period in the history of the Iberian Peninsula from the fall of the Roman Empire until the beginning of the modern era, marked by significant cultural, political, and social transformations. This era encompasses roughly from the 5th to the late 15th century and is characterized by a complex interplay of diverse cultures, including Visigothic, Islamic (Al-Andalus), and Christian (Reconquista) influences.

Early Medieval Period: The Visigoths and Islamic Conquest

Visigothic Kingdom (circa 418–711):

Foundation and Society: Following the decline of Roman control, the Visigoths, a Germanic tribe originally settled in parts of France and northern Italy, established a kingdom in Hispania (modern-day Spain and Portugal). The Visigothic rule is marked by the synthesis of Roman and Germanic traditions, especially in law and governance. The Visigothic Code, or the \Liber Judiciorum," serves as a seminal legal document unifying Roman law and Germanic traditions.
Religion: Initially Arian Christians, the Visigoths converted to Catholic Christianity in 589 under King Recared I, aligning themselves with the Roman Catholic Church, which played a crucial role in unifying the diverse groups within Iberia.

Islamic Conquest (711–1492):

Invasion and Establishment: In 711, Islamic forces from North Africa, led by Tariq ibn Ziyad, defeated the Visigoths at the Battle of Guadalete. This marked the beginning of almost 800 years of Islamic influence on the peninsula, with the establishment of Al-Andalus.
Caliphate of Córdoba: Al-Andalus flourished under the Umayyad Caliphate (929–1031) in Córdoba, known for its cultural, scientific, and economic advancements. This era is marked by a high degree of intellectual activity, with significant contributions in the fields of medicine, mathematics, astronomy, and philosophy.
Cultural Interactions: The coexistence of Muslims, Christians (Mozarabs), and Jews during this period, known as "La Convivencia," facilitated a vibrant cultural and intellectual exchange. This led to the translation of classical Greek and Roman texts into Arabic, and later Latin, influencing the European Renaissance.

High and Late Medieval Period: The Reconquista and Christian Kingdoms

The Reconquista (8th century – 1492):

Christian Resistance and Expansion: From the northern mountainous regions, small Christian states, including Asturias, León, Castile, Navarre, and Aragon, gradually consolidated power and pushed southwards in a series of military campaigns. This long process, known as the Reconquista, sought not only territorial rights but also religious hegemony.
Military and Religious Orders: Various military orders, including the Knights Templar and the Order of Santiago, played significant roles as Christian kingdoms sought to recapture territories from Muslim control.

The Rise of Christian Kingdoms:

Social and Economic Change: As territories were reclaimed, a feudal system similar to the rest of medieval Europe was established, often with unique nuances in local governance and land distribution.
Urban Development: Towns and cities grew along trade routes, fostering economic development. The wool trade, particularly from Castile, became a significant economic driver.
Cultural Developments: This period saw significant architectural achievements with the construction of Gothic cathedrals and the establishment of universities, such as the University of Salamanca in 1218, which became important centers for learning.

The End of the Medieval Era: The Catholic Monarchs and Unification

Spanish Unification:

Marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella (1469): The union of these two monarchs of Castile and Aragon ultimately led to the unification of Spain. This alliance paved the way for the final stages of the Reconquista.
The Fall of Granada (1492): The capture of Granada from the Nasrid dynasty marked the end of Muslim rule in Spain, completing the Reconquista.

Cultural and Religious Policies:

The Spanish Inquisition: Established in 1478, it sought to maintain Catholic orthodoxy, targeting converted Jews (Conversos) and Muslims (Moriscos) suspected of heresy.
Expulsion of Jews (1492): In a decisive move to consolidate Christian hegemony, the Catholic Monarchs issued the Alhambra Decree, mandating the expulsion of Jews from Spain.

Legacy and Impact

Medieval Spain is renowned for its profound cultural mosaic, having been at the crossroads of various civilizations. The era left an indelible mark on architecture, language, legal systems, and cultural traditions, which continued to evolve into the early modern period. The coexistence and conflict among different religious and cultural groups during this time laid the groundwork for the unique cultural identity of Spain, known for its rich blend of Roman, Visigothic, Islamic, and Christian influences."

1 Sample

1 Country

~986 Years Ago

Genetic Signatures

I1c 1

Ancient Individuals from this Era

I10897

Regions Represented

Spain (1)

1 connection

Hellenistic Period Spain

An era of human history

The Hellenistic Period, spanning from the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BCE to the emergence of the Roman Empire in 31 BCE, was a time of significant cultural and political transformation across the Mediterranean and Near Eastern regions. While the most notable Hellenistic influences are often associated with the Eastern Mediterranean, Greece, Egypt, and the Near East, its impact also extended to the western parts of the Mediterranean, including the Iberian Peninsula, which is modern-day Spain and Portugal. The intersection of Hellenistic culture with indigenous Iberian traditions, alongside the growing presence of Rome, created a distinctive cultural landscape in what we might refer to as Hellenistic Spain.

Political and Military Context: During the early Hellenistic period, the Iberian Peninsula was characterized by a mosaic of indigenous tribes and small polities. The coastal areas, particularly along the eastern and southern coasts, saw the presence of Greek and Phoenician trading colonies established since the Archaic and Classical periods. Cities like Emporion (modern-day Empúries) and Rhode in northeastern Spain were originally founded as Greek colonies and became integral parts of a trade network that linked the western Mediterranean with broader Hellenistic and Mediterranean economies.

The decline of Carthaginian power, especially after the Punic Wars against Rome, opened the way for increased Hellenistic influences. Rome, absorbing Hellenistic culture as it expanded, began its conquest of Iberia in the late third century BCE, first through its involvement in the Punic Wars and then through direct military campaigns against local tribes and cities.

Cultural Influences: The Hellenistic influence in Iberia was most visible in art, architecture, religion, and the diffusion of new social and political ideas. Greek artistic styles were introduced through imported goods and local imitations of Hellenistic art. The aesthetics of sculpture, pottery, and mosaics, with their emphasis on realism and expression, began to permeate the local artistic expressions.

Religion in the Iberian Peninsula also saw Hellenistic influences. Deities of the Greek pantheon, often syncretized with local gods, began to appear in religious practices and iconography. This syncretism evidenced a blending of Greek religious elements with indigenous beliefs, leading to unique local variations that incorporated aspects of both traditions.

Economic and Social Developments: The trade networks facilitated by Hellenistic colonies brought not only goods but also ideas, technologies, and cultural practices. This was particularly evident in the coastal areas, which became centers of vibrant economic activity. The incorporation of new agricultural techniques, metalworking methods, and other technologies transformed local economies and led to a stratification of society that was more complex than before.

The introduction of coinage in many parts of the Iberian Peninsula during this time, influenced by both Greek and Carthaginian examples, marked a significant development in trade and economics. Coins facilitated greater economic interaction both within the peninsula and with other parts of the Mediterranean world.

Conclusion: The Hellenistic influence in Iberia, though not as pronounced as in the Eastern Mediterranean, played a significant role in shaping the cultural landscape of the region. The blend of Greek, Roman, and local Iberian elements laid the groundwork for the Romanization that would follow with the full integration of the peninsula into the Roman Empire. The Hellenistic Period in Spain is thus a fascinating example of cultural fusion and adaptation, marking a transitional phase that would lead to the more profound transformations of the Roman era.

1 Sample

1 Country

~2,326 Years Ago

Genetic Signatures

J-Z1828 1 H14a2c 1

Ancient Individuals from this Era

I8205

Regions Represented

Spain (1)

"Iberia has always been a crossroads of cultures, where the Mediterranean meets the Atlantic, where Europe begins its journey to the west."
— Ancient Iberian Heritage

Era Analysis

Your Era Profile

A visual snapshot showing your genetic affinity to different prehistoric eras of the Iberian Peninsula. The further the point from the center, the stronger your connection to that time period.

Your Dominant Era Roman/Medieval 54.8% of connections

Roman/Medieval 54.8%

Roman Hispania through the Visigothic era and early medieval period

Bronze Age 20.4%

Warriors, traders, and the rise of El Argar and Cogotas civilizations

Chalcolithic 15.2%

The Copper Age - dawn of metallurgy and the Bell Beaker culture

Iron Age 2.4%

The age of Celtiberian, Tartessian, and Iberian cultures

Mesolithic 0.0%

Hunter-gatherers adapting to a warming climate before farming reached Iberia

Neolithic 0.0%

Early farmers who spread agriculture from the Near East across the Iberian Peninsula

Understanding Your Era Profile

Your dominant connection to the Roman/Medieval suggests that a significant portion of your Iberian ancestry traces back to populations who lived during this transformative period of Iberian history. This doesn't mean your ancient matches were exclusively from this era—rather, it indicates where the strongest genetic signals appear in your connection to ancient Iberian populations.

Genetic Analysis

Your Position in Iberian Genetic Space

Visualize your genetic relationship to ancient Iberian populations using PCA and UMAP.

PCA Analysis
UMAP Clustering

PCA (Principal Component Analysis) shows genetic distance in a linear projection. Points closer together are more genetically similar. Your position is marked in gold.

UMAP (Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection) reveals non-linear clustering patterns. Your cluster assignment (Other) is determined by your k-nearest neighbors in this space.

Composite Score Breakdown

Your Ancient Iberian Index (84%) is calculated from four weighted components, with segment-level matches carrying the most weight because they are the strongest genetic evidence:

Segment Matching 40%

91%

Direct DNA segments (identity-by-descent) shared with ancient Iberian individuals, the strongest evidence of a genetic connection.

ADMIXTURE Distance 25%

70%

Euclidean genetic distance between your ancestry composition and Iberian reference populations.

UMAP k-NN 20%

81%

How tightly your DNA clusters near ancient Iberians when genetic space is projected non-linearly.

Monte Carlo 15%

91%

Stochastic modeling of your best-fit ancestral mixture from Iberian reference populations.

Shared DNA Segments

You share DNA segments with 43 ancient Iberian individuals, totalling 260.8 cM across 49 segments. These direct genealogical links are the strongest evidence in your Iberian Heritage Index.

19.7 cM

I10285

Spain 3 segments

16.1 cM

I8146

Spain 3 segments

12.6 cM

I8144

Spain 1 segment

12.3 cM

I1975

Spain 1 segment

11.7 cM

VAD002

Spain 1 segment

11.1 cM

san216

Spain 1 segment

10.5 cM

I0458

Spain 1 segment

8.5 cM

I1836

Spain 2 segments

8.1 cM

CLL003

Spain 1 segment

7.8 cM

I11306

Spain 2 segments

7.2 cM

I8570

Spain 1 segment

6.9 cM

I12032

Spain 1 segment

Haplogroup Evolution

Haplogroup Distribution Across Iberian History

Explore how Y-DNA and mtDNA haplogroups changed across different periods of Iberian history.

Total Samples

Cultural Periods

Unique Haplogroups

Mesolithic

8 samples

S21825 1

25.0%

CRN001 Casa Corona (Valencian community, Alicante, Villena)

Spain

L1294 1

25.0%

CRN002 Casa Corona (Valencian community, Alicante, Villena)

Spain

I-CTS595 1

25.0%

NEO648 El Toral-3 (Principado de Asturias, Asturias, Llanes)

Spain

I-S21825 1

25.0%

NEO694 Santa Maira (Comunitat Valenciana, Alicante, Cocentaina)

Spain

Neolithic

28 samples

I-M423 2

18.2%

LugarCanto45 Lugar do Canto

NEO632 Gruta do Caldeirão (Santarém, Tomar)

Portugal

G-PF3146 1

9.1%

atp005 Atapuerca. El Portalón

Spain

I2-Z161 1

9.1%

c40331 Andalusia. Cueva de los Cuarenta

Spain

I2a1b 1

9.1%

CovaMoura364 Cova da Moura

Portugal

I2a1a1a1b 1

9.1%

DolmenAnsiao96B Dolmen de Ansião

Portugal

R1b1a 1

9.1%

I0410 Els Trocs

Spain

F 1

9.1%

I0411 Els Trocs

Spain

I-A812 1

9.1%

I0412 Els Trocs

Spain

I-F1295 1

9.1%

I4229 Cova da Moura

Portugal

H-BY84221 1

9.1%

LD270 Lorga de Din

Portugal

Chalcolithic

33 samples

H2 4

28.6%

CDP002 Alicante. Planes. Cova d' En Pardo

CDP003 Alicante. Planes. Cova d' En Pardo

CDP006 Alicante. Planes. Cova d' En Pardo

+1 more

Spain

I2a1a 2

14.3%

CLL003 Alicante. Villena. Cueva de las Lechuzas

CLL005 Alicante. Villena. Cueva de las Lechuzas

Spain

G2a2b2a1a1c1a 1

7.1%

CDM002 Murcia. Caravaca. Camino del Molino

Spain

I2a1a2 1

7.1%

CDM004 Murcia. Caravaca. Camino del Molino

Spain

G2a2a1a 1

7.1%

CLL001 Alicante. Villena. Cueva de las Lechuzas

Spain

I2a1b1a1b2 1

7.1%

CLL004 Alicante. Villena. Cueva de las Lechuzas

Spain

I2a1b1 1

7.1%

CLL009 Alicante. Villena. Cueva de las Lechuzas

Spain

I-P37 1

7.1%

I0453 Murcia. Caravaca. Camino del Molino

Spain

E-SK863 1

7.1%

I4246 Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras

Spain

R-Z202 1

7.1%

I7672 Barcelona. Roda de Ter. L'Esquerda

Spain

Bronze Age

154 samples

R1b1a1b1a1a2a1 20

31.7%

ALM006 Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya

ALM014 Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya

ALM017 Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya

+17 more

Spain

R1b1a1b1a1a2 15

23.8%

ALM007 Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya

ALM025 Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya

ALM040 Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya

+12 more

Spain

R-M269 9

14.3%

I12809 Ciudad Real. Terrinches. Castillejo del Bonete

I12855 Ciudad Real. Terrinches. Castillejo del Bonete

I3486 Valencian Community. Alacant/Alicante. Villena. Cabezo Redondo

+6 more

Spain Portugal

R-P312 5

7.9%

I2470 Basque Country. Araba/Álava. Laguardia. El Sotillo

I3997 Valencian Community. València/Valencia. Paterna. Lloma de Betxí

I6618 Madrid. Humanejos

+2 more

Spain Portugal

R-L151 5

7.9%

I3487 Valencian Community. Alacant/Alicante. Villena. Cabezo Redondo

I4559 Tarragona. Galls Carboners

I8570 Castellón. Cabanes. Túmulo Mortorum

+2 more

Spain Portugal

R-P310 3

4.8%

I2472 Basque Country. Araba/Álava. Laguardia. El Sotillo

I3484 Ciudad Real. Terrinches. Castillejo del Bonete

VAD005 La Rioja. Hervías. Valdescusa

Spain

R1b1a1b1a1 2

3.2%

ALM046 Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya

ALM049 Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya

Spain

R1b1a1b 2

3.2%

LOT001 Murcia. Lorca. Los Tintes

MDP001 Murcia. Caravaca. Molinos del Papel

Spain

R1b1a1b1a1a2a1b 1

1.6%

ALM041 Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya

Spain

R1b1a1b1a1a 1

1.6%

ALM057 Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya

Spain

Iron Age

38 samples

E-BY28635 2

15.4%

I12029 Girona. Pla de l'Horta

I12031 Girona. Pla de l'Horta

Spain

R-P312 2

15.4%

I12410 Catalonia. Barcelona. Pacs del Penedès. Mas d'en Boixos-1

I12640 Barcelona. Can Roqueta-Can Revella

Spain

R-L151 2

15.4%

I3323 Girona. Ullastret. Puig de Sant Andreu

I3327 Girona. Ullastret. Puig de Sant Andreu

Spain

R-L51 1

7.7%

I12032 Girona. Pla de l'Horta

Spain

I-M253 1

7.7%

I12033 Girona. Pla de l'Horta

Spain

J-CTS1192 1

7.7%

I12162 Girona. Pla de l'Horta

Spain

R-P310 1

7.7%

I12561 Sevilla. Alcalá del Río. La Angorrilla

Spain

R-M269 1

7.7%

I12641 Barcelona. Can Roqueta-Can Revella

Spain

R-Y64583 1

7.7%

I12877 Barcelona. Pacs del Penedès. Mas d'en Boixos-1

Spain

R-Z225 1

7.7%

I3320 Valencian Community. Castelló/Castellón. Vilafamés. Els Estrets de la Rata

Spain

Roman/Medieval

51 samples

J-Z1847 2

18.2%

I3983 Granada. Plaza Einstein

I4054 Granada. Plaza Einstein

Spain

E-CTS5856 1

9.1%

I10853 Catalonia. Girona. Sant Julià de Ramis

Spain

BT-M42 1

9.1%

I10854 Catalonia. Girona. Sant Julià de Ramis

Spain

L-M20 1

9.1%

I10865 Girona. Empuries. necropolis Centre de Visitants

Spain

R-S1911 1

9.1%

I10895 Catalonia. Girona. Sant Julià de Ramis

Spain

I-BY421 1

9.1%

I3575 Granada. Montefrío. El Castillón

Spain

R-PH3162 1

9.1%

I3576 Granada. Montefrío. El Castillón

Spain

E-Z1919 1

9.1%

I3579 Granada. Montefrío. El Castillón

Spain

R-Z211 1

9.1%

I3582 Granada. Montefrío. El Castillón

Spain

E-L618 1

9.1%

I3583 Granada. Montefrío. El Castillón

Spain

Mesolithic

8 samples

U5b1 3

37.5%

AMI001 Ḥou Amieva (Llanes, Spain)

CRN001 Casa Corona (Valencian community, Alicante, Villena)

CRN002 Casa Corona (Valencian community, Alicante, Villena)

Spain

U5a2a 3

37.5%

AMI002 Ḥou Amieva (Llanes, Spain)

NEO648 El Toral-3 (Principado de Asturias, Asturias, Llanes)

NEO938 El Mazo (Principado de Asturias, Asturias, Llanes)

Spain

U5b1b1 1

12.5%

NEO646 El Mazo (Principado de Asturias, Asturias, Llanes)

Spain

U2'3'4'7'8'9 1

12.5%

NEO694 Santa Maira (Comunitat Valenciana, Alicante, Cocentaina)

Spain

Neolithic

28 samples

J2b1a 2

15.4%

atp005 Atapuerca. El Portalón

NEO632 Gruta do Caldeirão (Santarém, Tomar)

Spain Portugal

K1a2a 2

15.4%

CB13 Cova Bonica. Vallirana. Barcelona

I0411 Els Trocs

Spain

H 2

15.4%

CovaMoura364 Cova da Moura

LU339 Lorga de Din

Portugal

HV0a 1

7.7%

c40331 Andalusia. Cueva de los Cuarenta

Spain

J1c1b 1

7.7%

CovaMoura9B Cova da Moura

Portugal

K1b1a 1

7.7%

DolmenAnsiao96B Dolmen de Ansião

Portugal

J1c3 1

7.7%

I0409 Els Trocs

Spain

T2c1d or T2c1d2 1

7.7%

I0410 Els Trocs

Spain

N1a1a1* 1

7.7%

I0412 Els Trocs

Spain

V 1

7.7%

I0413 Els Trocs

Spain

Chalcolithic

33 samples

K1a+195 3

17.6%

CDM003 Murcia. Caravaca. Camino del Molino

CLL001 Alicante. Villena. Cueva de las Lechuzas

CLL004 Alicante. Villena. Cueva de las Lechuzas

Spain

K1a4a1 3

17.6%

CDP001 Alicante. Planes. Cova d' En Pardo

CLL005 Alicante. Villena. Cueva de las Lechuzas

CLL011 Alicante. Villena. Cueva de las Lechuzas

Spain

H1+152 2

11.8%

CDP003 Alicante. Planes. Cova d' En Pardo

CDP009 Alicante. Planes. Cova d' En Pardo

Spain

H1 2

11.8%

CDP008 Alicante. Planes. Cova d' En Pardo

CLL006 Alicante. Villena. Cueva de las Lechuzas

Spain

J2b1a 2

11.8%

CDP011 Alicante. Planes. Cova d' En Pardo

CLL010 Alicante. Villena. Cueva de las Lechuzas

Spain

H4a1a 1

5.9%

CBR004 Alicante. Villena. Cabezo Redondo

Spain

J2a1a1 1

5.9%

CDM001 Murcia. Caravaca. Camino del Molino

Spain

H3 1

5.9%

CDM002 Murcia. Caravaca. Camino del Molino

Spain

H1e1a 1

5.9%

CDM004 Murcia. Caravaca. Camino del Molino

Spain

J1c1b1 1

5.9%

CDM005 Murcia. Caravaca. Camino del Molino

Spain

Bronze Age

154 samples

H1 10

17.2%

ALM007 Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya

ALM030 Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya

ALM043 Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya

+7 more

Spain

K1a+195 8

13.8%

ALM034 Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya

ALM035 Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya

ALM063 Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya

+5 more

Spain

V 6

10.3%

ALM008 Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya

ALM051 Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya

ALM088 Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya

+3 more

Spain Portugal

U5b3 6

10.3%

ALM021 Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya

ALM036 Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya

ALM080 Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya

+3 more

Spain Portugal

J1c1 5

8.6%

ALM024 Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya

I3484 Ciudad Real. Terrinches. Castillejo del Bonete

I4559 Tarragona. Galls Carboners

+2 more

Spain Portugal

H3 5

8.6%

ALM025 Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya

ALM044 Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya

ALM050 Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya

+2 more

Spain

K1a1b1 5

8.6%

ALM026 Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya

ALM070 Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya

ALM071 Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya

+2 more

Spain

H1j 5

8.6%

ALM062 Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya

ALM073 Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya

I12809 Ciudad Real. Terrinches. Castillejo del Bonete

+2 more

Spain

K1a3a 4

6.9%

ALM020 Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya

ALM027 Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya

I4558 Tarragona. Galls Carboners

+1 more

Spain

K1a 4

6.9%

ALM048 Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya

ALM078 Murcia. Pliego. La Almoloya

CMO002 Murcia. Moratalla. Cerro del Morrón

+1 more

Spain

Iron Age

38 samples

H1 3

15.8%

I12561 Sevilla. Alcalá del Río. La Angorrilla

I3324 Girona. Ullastret. Puig de Sant Andreu

I3759 Basque Country. Araba/Álava. Laguardia. La Hoya

Spain

C4a1a-a 2

10.5%

I12032 Girona. Pla de l'Horta

I12164 Girona. Pla de l'Horta

Spain

H 2

10.5%

I12410 Catalonia. Barcelona. Pacs del Penedès. Mas d'en Boixos-1

I12642 Barcelona. Can Roqueta II

Spain

H4a1 2

10.5%

I12560 Sevilla. Alcalá del Río. La Angorrilla

I19722 Girona. Pontós. Mas Castellar

Spain

H1t 2

10.5%

I12640 Barcelona. Can Roqueta-Can Revella

I3322 Valencian Community. Castelló/Castellón. Vinaròs. Puig de la Misericordia

Spain

J1c1 2

10.5%

I12877 Barcelona. Pacs del Penedès. Mas d'en Boixos-1

I3757 Basque Country. Araba/Álava. Laguardia. La Hoya

Spain

H1e1a6 2

10.5%

I19987 Palencia. Monte Bernorio

I19989 Palencia. Monte Bernorio

Spain

U5b1g 2

10.5%

I19990 Palencia. Monte Bernorio

I19991 Palencia. Monte Bernorio

Spain

U5a1a1d 1

5.3%

I12029 Girona. Pla de l'Horta

Spain

J1c3g 1

5.3%

I12030 Girona. Pla de l'Horta

Spain

Roman/Medieval

51 samples

H3 2

11.8%

I10851 Catalonia. Girona. Sant Julià de Ramis

I3581 Granada. Montefrío. El Castillón

Spain

U5b1-a1 2

11.8%

I3574 Granada. Montefrío. El Castillón

I3575 Granada. Montefrío. El Castillón

Spain

HV0f 2

11.8%

I3578 Granada. Montefrío. El Castillón

I3583 Granada. Montefrío. El Castillón

Spain

H1 2

11.8%

I3585 Granada. Ventas de Zafarraya

I8216 Girona. Empuries. necropolis Centre de Visitants

Spain

HV0-a 2

11.8%

I3982 Granada. Plaza Einstein

I8338 Girona. Empuries. necropolis Centre de Visitants

Spain

H4a1c2 2

11.8%

I3983 Granada. Plaza Einstein

I4054 Granada. Plaza Einstein

Spain

T2b11 2

11.8%

I6492 Tarragona. Mas Gassol. Alcover

I7158 Tarragona. Mas Gassol. Alcover

Spain

H6c 1

5.9%

I10852 Catalonia. Girona. Sant Julià de Ramis

Spain

U4a1 1

5.9%

I10853 Catalonia. Girona. Sant Julià de Ramis

Spain

H1n-a 1

5.9%

I10854 Catalonia. Girona. Sant Julià de Ramis

Spain

These distributions show the frequency of Y-DNA and mtDNA haplogroups among all ancient Iberian samples from each cultural period. Haplogroup frequencies changed over time due to migrations, population movements, and genetic drift.

Scientific Research

Key Research Publications

Explore the scientific papers that have contributed to our understanding of Iberian ancient DNA and population genetics.

2024 Jan

Population genomics of post-glacial western Eurasia

Allentoft ME, Sikora M, Refoyo-Martínez A et al.

Related Samples (1)

NEO649 Spain, El Toral-3 (Principado de Asturias, Asturias, Llanes) Asturian Chalcolithic Culture

11/19/2021

Genomic transformation and social organization during the Copper Age-Bronze Age transition in southern Iberia

Villalba-Mouco V, Oliart C, Rihuete-Herrada C et al.

Related Samples (1)

MMI004 Spain, Murcia. Lorca. Madre Mercedarias Iglesias The Argaric Culture of Southeast Iberia

03/27/2018

Four millennia of Iberian biomolecular prehistory illustrate the impact of prehistoric migrations at the far end of Eurasia

Valdiosera C, Günther T, Vera-Rodríguez JC et al.

Related Samples (1)

esp005 Spain, La Rioja. Cueva de los Lagos Bronze Age Spain

03/15/2019

The genomic history of the Iberian Peninsula over the past 8000 years

Olalde I, Mallick S, Patterson N et al.

Related Samples (6)

I3579 Spain, Granada. Montefrío. El Castillón Visigothic Period Granada, Spain

I8344 Spain, Girona. Empuries. necropolis Centre de Visitants Greek Period Spain

I12641 Spain, Barcelona. Can Roqueta-Can Revella Iron Age Spain

I3776 Spain, Barcelona. Roda de Ter. L'Esquerda Visigothic Period Barcelona, Spain

I10897 Spain, Catalonia. Girona. Sant Julià de Ramis Medieval Spain

These publications represent key research papers on Iberian ancient DNA and population genetics. For a complete list of publications, visit our Publications Database.

AI Analysis

Your Personal Guide

Understanding ancient DNA results can be complex. Our AI assistant helps you make sense of your connections, explaining what your results mean and placing them in historical context.

AI ASSISTANT by DNAGENICS

Enabled until 2027-07-02

This AI analysis is limited to your Ancient Iberian heritage results. No additional data or personal information is included.

Try these questions:

Learn More

Understanding Your Results

This analysis uses a three-component composite scoring system:

ADMIXTURE Distance Analysis: Euclidean genetic distance calculation using population-specific components optimized for European ancestry.
UMAP Clustering: Non-linear dimensionality reduction identifies which ancient Iberian cultural period your DNA most resembles.
Monte Carlo Fitting: Stochastic modeling determines your best-fit ancestral mixture from Iberian reference populations.

All ancient samples are from peer-reviewed academic publications and have been radiocarbon dated.

What does the Ancient Iberian Index mean?

The Ancient Iberian Index (0-100) represents your overall genetic similarity to ancient Iberian populations. Higher scores indicate closer genetic proximity.

Why don't my percentages add up to 100%?

The cultural period percentages represent your relative affinity to each era. They're normalized from Monte Carlo coefficients and indicate which time periods your DNA most resembles.

What is UMAP cluster assignment?

UMAP finds your 7 nearest neighbors in genetic space and votes on which cultural period you most belong to. The confidence score shows the consensus among your neighbors.

Ancient Iberian Heritage

Your Ancient Iberian Heritage

I3579

Your Closest Iberian Ancestors

NEO649

esp005

I8344

MMI004

R10500

I12641

I3776

I10897

Where Your Ancient Matches Lived

Legend

Sample Explorer

Your Connection to Ancient Iberian Cultures

Iberian Culture

Neolithic Period Overview

Social and Settlement Patterns

Economy and Technology

Cultural and Artistic Expressions

Transition to the Bronze Age

Metallurgical Advancements

Economic and Social Changes

Emergence of Complex Societies

Cultural Developments

Architecture and Settlement Structures

Ritual and Ideology

Art and Craftsmanship

Regional Variations

Conclusion

El Argar Culture

Geography and Environment

Social Structure

Economy and Trade

Settlements and Architecture

Funeral Practices

Cultural and Technological Contributions

Decline and Legacy

Celtiberian Culture

Your Iberian Regional Connections

Catalonia, Spain

Catalonia

Andalusia

Galicia

Lisboa

Notable Archaeological Sites

Granada. Montefrío. El Castillón

Girona. Empuries. necropolis Centre de Visitants

Your Ancestral Story

Pre-Indo-European Heritage

Steppe Migration Influence

Historical Period Connections

What This Means

Your Iberian Timeline

Your Iberian Ancient Matches Through Time

Your Iberian Journey Through Time

Visigothic Period Granada, Spain

Historical Background

Visigothic Rule in Granada

Social Structure and Culture

Architecture and Art

Law and Governance

Economy

Decline and Legacy

Genetic Signatures

Ancient Individuals from this Era

Regions Represented

Asturian Chalcolithic Culture

Geographical Context

Technological and Material Culture

Subsistence and Economy

Settlement Patterns

Social Structure and Cultural Practices

Interaction and Exchange

Legacy and Transition

Genetic Signatures

Ancient Individuals from this Era

Regions Represented

Bronze Age Spain