A woman buried in Sweden in the Mesolithic era

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Reference library / Sample profile

A woman buried in Sweden in the Mesolithic era

Explore the recorded context, genetic comparisons and research behind this reference sample.

SwedenSwedish Frälsegården Hunter-Gatherers

A reference profile describes this sample. It does not establish a personal or family relationship.

View sample details Explore Shared Roots
AI portrait reconstruction for A woman buried in Sweden in the Mesolithic era
AI-generated artistic reconstruction, not a photograph of the individual.
Record

Sample details

Recorded details and available lineage markers.

Individual

N individual, Sweden

Sample ID: FRA108

Date Range

2911 BCE - 2881 BCE

Cultural Period

Swedish Frälsegården Hunter-Gatherers

Biological Sex

Female

mtDNA Haplogroup

K1a1a2

Y-DNA Haplogroup

Not available

Social Role

Laborer (AI estimate, era-typical)

Geography

Location

Where this individual was discovered

Country Sweden
Locality Frälsegården
Coordinates 58.1644, 13.4547
Chronology

Date range

When this individual lived in the broader context of human history

N individual, Sweden 2911 BCE - 2881 BCE
Context

Historical context

Background information associated with the reference record.

Overview

The Swedish Frälsegården Hunter-Gatherers represent a Mesolithic lifeway in which people adapted to post-glacial environmental change across Sweden, relying heavily on aquatic and woodland resources. Archaeological patterns show continuity in regional practices alongside locally varied settlement strategies.

Region & Environment

This period unfolded across Sweden’s temperate zone, where changing sea levels and post-glacial land uplift reshaped shorelines, wetlands, and river systems. Coastal waters, lakes, and forested inland areas provided diverse habitats. Resource availability encouraged seasonal movement between fishing grounds, hunting territories, and task-specific locales.

Historical Context

Around 7000–4000 BCE, northern Europe was within the broader Mesolithic world, before widespread agricultural settlement in this region. Sweden’s archaeology reflects long-term hunter-gatherer occupation and shifting settlement preferences as environments stabilized and waterways reorganized.

Populations & Lifeways

Populations were likely small groups or networks of related households. Subsistence centered on hunting and fishing, supplemented by gathering of plant foods and other woodland resources. People organized work around seasonal calendars—especially targeting fish and waterfowl in appropriate periods and pursuing terrestrial game when conditions allowed.

Archaeology & Material Culture

Frälsegården-associated assemblages are typically characterized by stone tool traditions suited to woodworking, hunting, and processing gathered foods. Finds often include evidence for repeated activity areas rather than permanent, large-scale built environments. Preservation conditions in Sweden vary, but assemblages generally emphasize practical technologies and resource-processing debris.

Culture & Society

Social life was organized around collaboration for mobility, food production, and seasonal rounds. Material culture suggests shared regional norms—especially in tool-making approaches—while allowing local variation in how sites were used and what tasks dominated particular locations.

Legacy & Transition

Later in prehistory, Swedish lifeways changed as farming expanded from other parts of northern Europe. The Mesolithic record, including Frälsegården patterns, forms part of the deep chronological background against which subsequent Neolithic traditions emerged.

Analysis

Genetic comparisons

These comparisons show genetic similarity, not identity or origin. The populations listed are those whose genomes show statistical alignment to this ancient individual.

Similarity reflects shared history, not shared identity. These are analytical comparisons, not claims about who this person was.

Modern Genetic Admixture

This analysis compares the DNA profile with present-day reference populations, showing statistical similarity to modern reference populations from different regions. The excavation site records where this individual was found, not a fixed modern genetic identity.

Europe 98.5%
Northwestern European 66.1%
Northwestern European 22.5%
English 22.2%
Scandinavian 18.7%
Finnish 2.8%
Southern European 22.9%
Iberian 19.4%
Sardinian 3.5%
Eastern European 9.5%
Eastern European 9.5%
Africa 1.5%
African Hunter-Gatherer 1.5%
African Hunter-Gatherer 1.5%

Closest Modern Populations

These are the modern populations showing the closest statistical alignment to A woman buried in Sweden in the Mesolithic era, ranked by genetic distance. Lower distance values indicate closer statistical similarity. Cross-region similarity can reflect shared ancestry, population movement, continuity, or later admixture.

1
German
2.2502
2
Belgiana
2.3636
3
German Erlangen
2.4380
4
French Nord
2.7230
5
French Alsace
2.7597
6
French Brittany
2.7748
7
Belgianc
2.8328
8
German Hamburg
2.8419
9
Austrian
2.8626
10
Welsh
2.8728
Context

Related Samples

This individual exists within a broader network of ancient samples. No ancient genome stands alone.

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N individual, Sweden Northern Swedish Frälsegården 3093 BCE Frälsegården, Sweden View
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N individual, Sweden Northern Swedish Frälsegården 3086 BCE Frälsegården, Sweden View
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Swedish Medieval individual, Sweden Northern Swedish Frälsegården 3011 BCE Frälsegården, Sweden View
Swedish Medieval individual, Sweden Northern Swedish Frälsegården 3091 BCE Frälsegården, Sweden View
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N individual, Sweden Northern Swedish Frälsegården 3082 BCE Frälsegården, Sweden View
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Swedish Medieval individual, Sweden Northern Swedish Frälsegården 3350 BCE Frälsegården, Sweden View
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Norse individual, Sweden Northern Swedish Landbo Farm Culture 3088 BCE Landbogården, Sweden View
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N individual, Sweden Northern Swedish Landbo Farm Culture 3094 BCE Landbogården, Sweden View
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N individual, Sweden Northern Swedish Landbo Farm Culture 3350 BCE Landbogården, Sweden View
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Rossberga N individual, Sweden Neolithic Swedish Rossberga Culture 3340 BCE Rössberga, Sweden View
Rossberga N individual, Sweden Neolithic Swedish Rossberga Culture 3331 BCE Rössberga, Sweden View
Rossberga N individual, Sweden Neolithic Swedish Rossberga Culture 3315 BCE Rössberga, Sweden View
Rossberga N individual, Sweden Neolithic Swedish Rossberga Culture 3328 BCE Rössberga, Sweden View
Rossberga N possible individual, Sweden Neolithic Swedish Rossberga Culture 3400 BCE Rössberga, Sweden View
Rossberga N individual, Sweden Neolithic Swedish Rossberga Culture 3320 BCE Rössberga, Sweden View
Rossberga N individual, Sweden Neolithic Swedish Rossberga Culture 3081 BCE Rössberga, Sweden View
Rossberga N individual, Sweden Neolithic Swedish Rossberga Culture 3346 BCE Rössberga, Sweden View
Rossberga N individual, Sweden Neolithic Swedish Rossberga Culture 3349 BCE Rössberga, Sweden View
Rossberga N individual, Sweden Neolithic Swedish Rossberga Culture 3336 BCE Rössberga, Sweden View
Rossberga N individual, Sweden Neolithic Swedish Rossberga Culture 3331 BCE Rössberga, Sweden View
Rossberga N individual, Sweden Neolithic Swedish Rossberga Culture 2904 BCE Rössberga, Sweden View
Rossberga N HG individual, Sweden Swedish Rossberga Hunter-Gatherers 2879 BCE Rössberga, Sweden View
Rossberga N individual, Sweden Neolithic Swedish Rossberga Culture 3367 BCE Rössberga, Sweden View
Rossberga N individual, Sweden Neolithic Swedish Rossberga Culture 3400 BCE Rössberga, Sweden View
Rossberga N individual, Sweden Neolithic Swedish Rossberga Culture 3400 BCE Rössberga, Sweden View
Rossberga N individual, Sweden Neolithic Swedish Rossberga Culture 3359 BCE Rössberga, Sweden View
Rossberga N individual, Sweden Neolithic Swedish Rossberga Culture 3346 BCE Rössberga, Sweden View
Rossberga N individual, Sweden Neolithic Swedish Rossberga Culture 3341 BCE Rössberga, Sweden View
Rossberga N individual, Sweden Neolithic Swedish Rossberga Culture 3368 BCE Rössberga, Sweden View
Germany Langenenslingen Alte Burg IA Hallstatt individual, Sweden Northern Swedish Landbo Farm Culture 3088 BCE Landbogården, Sweden View
Saint Lupien Reze Medieval individual, France 362 CE Saint Lupien Rezé (Pays de la Loire), France View
N individual, Sweden 2928 BCE Holma (Västra Götalands län, Falköping, Falbygden), Sweden View
N individual, Sweden 3427 BCE Hunnebostrand (Västra Götaland County, Sotenäs Municipality), Sweden View
N individual, Sweden 3073 BCE Landbogården (Västra Götalands län, Falköping, Falbygden), Sweden View
Rossberga N individual, Sweden 3141 BCE Rössberga (Götaland, Västergötland), Sweden View
Rossberga N individual, Sweden 3141 BCE Rössberga (Götaland, Västergötland), Sweden View
Rossberga N individual, Sweden 3383 BCE Rössberga (Götaland, Västergötland), Sweden View
Page 1
Individual Culture/Period Date Location Action
N individual, Sweden Swedish Frälsegården Hunter-Gatherers 2911 BCE Frälsegården, Sweden View
Page 1
Sources

References

Scientific publications and genetic data that inform this profile.

G25 Coordinates

These coordinates represent a position in genetic space, a tool for comparison, not a conclusion. You can use these to perform custom admixture analysis in G25 Studio.

FRA108,0.12736454,0.1374057,0.0643297,0.0364337,0.04711568,0.014518,0.002311,0.01018928,0.01469828,0.00941492,-0.00497906,0.00320324,-0.00740208,0.00149244,0.00715572,0.00142332,-0.00942616,-0.00052874,0.00111248,-0.00124042,0.00344364,0.00234944,-0.00537348,-0.0001911,0.00272338
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