A man buried in Ukraine in the era

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Reference library / Sample profile

A man buried in Ukraine in the era

Explore the recorded context, genetic comparisons and research behind this reference sample.

UkraineThe Scythian Culture

A reference profile describes this sample. It does not establish a personal or family relationship.

AI portrait reconstruction for A man buried in Ukraine in the  era
AI-generated artistic reconstruction, not a photograph of the individual.
Record

Sample details

Recorded details and available lineage markers.

Individual

Scythian individual, Ukraine

Sample ID: MJ-35

Date Range

751 BCE - 408 BCE

Cultural Period

The Scythian Culture

Biological Sex

Male

mtDNA Haplogroup

X4

Y-DNA Haplogroup

Q-L332

Social Role

Pastoralist (AI estimate, era-typical)

Geography

Location

Where this individual was discovered

Country Ukraine
Locality Kup'evaha. Mound 25. burial 1. skeleton 1

A location map is not available for this record.

Chronology

Date range

When this individual lived in the broader context of human history

Scythian individual, Ukraine 751 BCE - 408 BCE
Context

Historical context

Background information associated with the reference record.

Region & Environment

Scythian-associated societies are most often discussed in relation to the Eurasian steppe and adjacent grasslands, where open landscapes supported herding and seasonal movement. Environmental variability encouraged flexible mobility and resource planning across vast territories.

Historical Context

In archaeological terms, “Scythian” is a broad label applied to multiple related Iron Age cultures that flourished over a wide span of time and space across the steppe zone. Because the input does not include a defined date range or region field, a precise chronology for this particular entry cannot be given.

Populations & Lifeways

Scythian-associated groups are typically described as mobile herders with horse use, complemented by hunting and exchange with settled communities at the steppe’s margins. Food production strategies would have centered on domesticated animals, with movement patterns responding to pasture availability.

Archaeology & Material Culture

Archaeological expectations include distinctive metalwork and ornaments, including styles often grouped under “Scythian-style” art, as well as burial evidence such as kurgan-type mounds in many steppe regions. Everyday items, weapons, harness components, and animal-related iconography are common themes in the broader literature.

Culture & Society

Scythian-associated communities are often characterized by complex social arrangements expressed through burial monuments, wealth display, and craft traditions. Artistic motifs and recurring artifact forms suggest shared cultural languages across distance, although local variation is significant.

Legacy & Transition

As steppe networks changed over time, Scythian-associated traditions were transformed by later Iron Age developments and by interactions with expanding states around the steppe margins. The lack of region and dates in the input prevents a more specific transition pathway from being stated for this entry.

Analysis

Genetic comparisons

These comparisons show genetic similarity, not identity or origin. The populations listed are those whose genomes show statistical alignment to this ancient individual.

Similarity reflects shared history, not shared identity. These are analytical comparisons, not claims about who this person was.

Modern Genetic Admixture

This analysis compares the DNA profile with present-day reference populations, showing statistical similarity to modern reference populations from different regions. The excavation site records where this individual was found, not a fixed modern genetic identity.

Europe 63.9%
Northwestern European 39.0%
English 20.6%
Northwestern European 11.3%
Scandinavian 7.1%
Eastern European 24.8%
Eastern European 24.8%
Asia 34.7%
Central Asian, Northern Indian & Pakistani 18.1%
Pakistan 8.4%
Indian 5.9%
Central Asian 3.8%
Northern West Asian 16.5%
Caucasian 14.9%
Anatolian 1.6%
Oceania 1.5%
Melanesian 1.5%
Papuan 1.5%

Closest Modern Populations

These are the modern populations showing the closest statistical alignment to A man buried in Ukraine in the era, ranked by genetic distance. Lower distance values indicate closer statistical similarity. Cross-region similarity can reflect shared ancestry, population movement, continuity, or later admixture.

1
Turkish Deliorman
6.6259
2
Pamiri Rushan
6.9998
3
Turkish Rumeli
7.0393
4
Tajik Yaghnobi
7.0580
5
Tatar Mishar
7.3554
6
Pamiri Shugnan
7.8152
7
Roma Barcelona
7.8887
8
Lezgin
8.0419
9
Andian B
8.1324
10
Kaitag
8.2158
Context

Related Samples

This individual exists within a broader network of ancient samples. No ancient genome stands alone.

Individual Culture/Period Date Location Action
Scythian individual, Ukraine Iron Age Western Scythian Culture, Ukraine 386 BCE Kolomak hillfort. №1842. pit 68. excavation IV, Ukraine View
Steppe Cultures individual, Ukraine Cimmerian Culture, Ukraine 990 BCE Cartal III. NW part of the burial ground. plot I. grave 101, Ukraine View
Scythian individual, Ukraine Iron Age Western Scythian Culture, Ukraine 755 BCE Medwin. Group I. mound 6/1, Ukraine View
Scythian individual, Ukraine Iron Age Western Scythian Culture, Ukraine 750 BCE Kup'evaha. Mound 25. burial 1. skeleton 3, Ukraine View
Steppe Cultures individual, Ukraine Cimmerian Culture, Ukraine 1284 BCE Dykyi Sad hillfort. "Citadel". Room №7 in the "Citadel, Ukraine View
East Slavic individual, Ukraine Chernyakhiv Culture, Ukraine 261 CE Legedzine. Grave 20, Ukraine View
Indo-European individual, Ukraine Bronze Age Catacomb Culture, Ukraine 2461 BCE Mamai-Gora. The central sector of the burial. Mound 162. burial 15. skeleton 2, Ukraine View
Scythian individual, Ukraine Iron Age Western Scythian Culture, Ukraine 366 BCE Mamai-Gora. The eastern sector of the burial. Object 165. burial 1, Ukraine View
Proto-Indo-European individual, Ukraine Early Bronze Age Yamnaya Culture, Ukraine 2865 BCE Kumy. Mound 6. burial 8, Ukraine View
Scythian individual, Ukraine Iron Age Western Scythian Culture, Ukraine 751 BCE Kup'evaha. Mound 25. burial 1. skeleton 1, Ukraine View
East Slavic individual, Ukraine Chernyakhiv Culture, Ukraine 248 CE Shyshaky. Grave 112 in the central part of the burial ground, Ukraine View
Indo-European individual, Ukraine Late Srubnaya Culture, Ukraine 775 BCE Kumy. Mound 1. burial 2, Ukraine View
Scythian individual, Ukraine Iron Age Western Scythian Culture, Ukraine 778 BCE Medwin. Group I. mound 22/1, Ukraine View
Scythian individual, Ukraine Iron Age Western Scythian Culture, Ukraine 758 BCE Medwin. Group I. mound 18/1, Ukraine View
Scythian individual, Ukraine Iron Age Western Scythian Culture, Ukraine 725 BCE Mamai-Gora. The eastern sector of the burial. Object 175. burial 1, Ukraine View
East Slavic individual, Ukraine Chernyakhiv Culture, Ukraine 247 CE Komariv-1. Grave 3, Ukraine View
Steppe Nomads individual, Russia Middle Sarmatian Culture, Southern Urals, Russia 367 BCE Chumarovo-1. Mound 10. burial 10, Russia View
Steppe Nomads individual, Russia Early Sarmatian Culture, Southern Urals, Russia 749 BCE Avlasovo. Mound 3. burial 2, Russia View
Scythian individual, Russia Eastern Scythian Culture, Southern Urals, Russia 793 BCE Nikolaevka II. Mound 1. burial 2, Russia View
Steppe Nomads individual, Russia Early Sarmatian Culture, Southern Urals, Russia 413 BCE Sibai-1. Mound 1. burial 1. skeleton 2, Russia View
Steppe Nomads individual, Russia Early Sarmatian Culture, Southern Urals, Russia 481 BCE Novo-Muraptalovo-7. Mound 1. burial 2, Russia View
Steppe Nomads individual, Russia Early Sarmatian Culture, Southern Urals, Russia 727 BCE Perevolochan-2. Mound 4. burial 3, Russia View
Steppe Nomads individual, Russia Early Sarmatian Culture, Southern Urals, Russia 387 BCE Ivanovka-1. Mound 5. burial 3, Russia View
Iranian Nomads individual, Russia Sarmatian Culture, Russia 162 BCE Zolka. Mound 4. burial 30, Russia View
Scythian individual, Russia Eastern Scythian Culture, Southern Urals, Russia 396 BCE Manhar-2. Burial 1, Russia View
Steppe Cultures individual, Kazakhstan Early Iron Age Kazakhstan 750 BCE Almaty. Talgar. Birlik, Kazakhstan View
Scythian individual, Kazakhstan Saka Culture in Kazakhstan 775 BCE Taldy-2. Mound 4, Kazakhstan View
Steppe Nomads individual, Kazakhstan Tasmola Culture in Kazakhstan 795 BCE Aksu-Ayuly-4. Mound 3, Kazakhstan View
Steppe Nomads individual, Kazakhstan Tasmola Culture in Kazakhstan 393 BCE Nurken-2. Mound 6, Kazakhstan View
Scythian individual, Ukraine Iron Age Western Scythian-Cimmerian Culture, Ukraine 393 BCE Bidylo I. Mound 2. burial 1, Ukraine View
Scythian individual, Ukraine Scythian Culture 393 BCE Staryi-Merchik-2 (Kharkiv Oblast, Bohodukhiv District, Valkiv municipality), Ukraine View
Scythian individual, Ukraine 393 BCE Bidylo I. Mound 2. burial 1, Ukraine View
Tasmola individual, Kazakhstan 750 BCE Almaty. Talgar. Birlik, Kazakhstan View
Scythian Sarmatian individual, Russia 481 BCE Novo-Muraptalovo-7. Mound 1. burial 2, Russia View
Catacomb individual, Ukraine 2865 BCE Kumy. Mound 6. burial 8, Ukraine View
Srubnaya individual, Ukraine 775 BCE Kumy. Mound 1. burial 2, Ukraine View
Catacomb individual, Ukraine 2461 BCE Mamai-Gora. The central sector of the burial. Mound 162. burial 15. skeleton 2, Ukraine View
Cimmerian individual, Ukraine 990 BCE Cartal III. NW part of the burial ground. plot I. grave 101, Ukraine View
Scythian individual, Ukraine 750 BCE Kup'evaha. Mound 25. burial 1. skeleton 3, Ukraine View
Scythian individual, Ukraine 778 BCE Medwin. Group I. mound 22/1, Ukraine View
Scythian individual, Ukraine 393 BCE St Merchik. Group II. mound 1. burial 1, Ukraine View
Scythian individual, Ukraine 755 BCE Medwin. Group I. mound 6/1, Ukraine View
Chernoles individual, Ukraine 261 CE Legedzine. Grave 20, Ukraine View
Cimmerian individual, Ukraine 1284 BCE Dykyi Sad hillfort. "Citadel". Room №7 in the "Citadel, Ukraine View
Scythian individual, Ukraine 758 BCE Medwin. Group I. mound 18/1, Ukraine View
Scythian individual, Ukraine 386 BCE Kolomak hillfort. №1842. pit 68. excavation IV, Ukraine View
Scythian individual, Ukraine 751 BCE Kup'evaha. Mound 25. burial 1. skeleton 1, Ukraine View
Chernoles individual, Ukraine 247 CE Komariv-1. Grave 3, Ukraine View
Chernoles individual, Ukraine 248 CE Shyshaky. Grave 112 in the central part of the burial ground, Ukraine View
Sarmatian individual, Russia 162 BCE Zolka. Mound 4. burial 30, Russia View
Scythian Sarmatian individual, Russia 387 BCE Ivanovka-1. Mound 5. burial 3, Russia View
Scythian Sarmatian individual, Russia 396 BCE Manhar-2. Burial 1, Russia View
Scythian Sarmatian individual, Russia 749 BCE Avlasovo. Mound 3. burial 2, Russia View
Scythian Sarmatian individual, Russia 793 BCE Nikolaevka II. Mound 1. burial 2, Russia View
Scythian Sarmatian individual, Russia 413 BCE Sibai-1. Mound 1. burial 1. skeleton 2, Russia View
Scythian Sarmatian individual, Russia 367 BCE Chumarovo-1. Mound 10. burial 10, Russia View
Scythian individual, Ukraine 366 BCE Mamai-Gora. The eastern sector of the burial. Object 165. burial 1, Ukraine View
Scythian individual, Ukraine 725 BCE Mamai-Gora. The eastern sector of the burial. Object 175. burial 1, Ukraine View
Tasmola individual, Kazakhstan 775 BCE Taldy-2. Mound 4, Kazakhstan View
Tasmola individual, Kazakhstan 795 BCE Aksu-Ayuly-4. Mound 3, Kazakhstan View
Tasmola individual, Kazakhstan 393 BCE Nurken-2. Mound 6, Kazakhstan View
Scythian Sarmatian individual, Russia 727 BCE Perevolochan-2. Mound 4. burial 3, Russia View
Scythian individual, Ukraine 393 BCE St Merchik. Group II. mound 1. burial 1, Ukraine View
Page 1
Individual Culture/Period Date Location Action
Scythian individual, Ukraine 393 BCE Bidylo I. Mound 2. burial 1, Ukraine View
Scythian individual, Hungary 749 BCE , Hungary View
Scythian individual, Hungary 513 BCE , Hungary View
Scythian individual, Hungary 772 BCE , Hungary View
Scythian individual, Hungary 726 BCE , Hungary View
Scythian individual, Hungary 737 BCE , Hungary View
Scythian individual, Ukraine 766 BCE Cherkasy Region. Gorodische District. Starosillya, Ukraine View
Scythian individual, Ukraine 789 BCE Cherkasy Region. Gorodische District. Starosillya, Ukraine View
Scythian individual, Ukraine 356 BCE Cherkasy Region. Mankivsky District. Nesterivka, Ukraine View
Scythian individual, Moldova 400 BCE Slobodzeya District. Glinoe, Moldova View
Scythian individual, Moldova 400 BCE Slobodzeya District. Glinoe, Moldova View
Scythian individual, Moldova 400 BCE Slobodzeya District. Glinoe, Moldova View
Scythian individual, Moldova 395 BCE Slobodzeya District. Glinoe, Moldova View
Scythian individual, Moldova 390 BCE Slobodzeya District. Glinoe, Moldova View
Scythian individual, Moldova 386 BCE Slobodzeya District. Glinoe, Moldova View
Scythian individual, Moldova 367 BCE Slobodzeya District. Glinoe, Moldova View
Scythian individual, Moldova 396 BCE Slobodzeya District. Glinoe, Moldova View
Scythian individual, Moldova 391 BCE Slobodzeya District. Glinoe, Moldova View
Scythian individual, Moldova 250 CE Slobodzeya District. Glinoe, Moldova View
Scythian individual, Ukraine 750 BCE Kup'evaha. Mound 25. burial 1. skeleton 3, Ukraine View
Scythian individual, Ukraine 778 BCE Medwin. Group I. mound 22/1, Ukraine View
Scythian individual, Ukraine 393 BCE St Merchik. Group II. mound 1. burial 1, Ukraine View
Scythian individual, Ukraine 755 BCE Medwin. Group I. mound 6/1, Ukraine View
Scythian individual, Ukraine 758 BCE Medwin. Group I. mound 18/1, Ukraine View
Scythian individual, Ukraine 386 BCE Kolomak hillfort. №1842. pit 68. excavation IV, Ukraine View
Scythian individual, Ukraine 751 BCE Kup'evaha. Mound 25. burial 1. skeleton 1, Ukraine View
Scythian individual, Ukraine 366 BCE Mamai-Gora. The eastern sector of the burial. Object 165. burial 1, Ukraine View
Scythian individual, Ukraine 725 BCE Mamai-Gora. The eastern sector of the burial. Object 175. burial 1, Ukraine View
Scythian individual, Ukraine 393 BCE St Merchik. Group II. mound 1. burial 1, Ukraine View
Page 1
Sources

References

Scientific publications and genetic data that inform this profile.

G25 Coordinates

These coordinates represent a position in genetic space, a tool for comparison, not a conclusion. You can use these to perform custom admixture analysis in G25 Studio.

MJ-35,0.11160128,0.07260144,0.01340736,0.04069852,-0.00838074,0.02035122,0.00619416,0.00417292,-0.01542678,-0.01875456,-0.00124326,0.00322166,-0.00162036,-0.0004599,0.00803086,0.00142958,-0.00201378,0.0014102,0.00261734,-0.00056778,0.00436758,-0.00116804,0.0028577,0.00888812,0.00067013
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