Reference library / Sample profile

A man buried in Poland in the Late Neolithic to Early Bronze Age era

Explore the recorded context, genetic comparisons and research behind this reference sample.

PolandGlobular Amphora Culture Sandomierz, Poland

A reference profile describes this sample. It does not establish a personal or family relationship.

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AI-generated artistic reconstruction, not a photograph of the individual.

Record

Sample details

Recorded details and available lineage markers.

Individual

Indo-European individual, Poland

Sample ID: RISE1250

Date Range

2950 BCE - 2650 BCE

Cultural Period

Globular Amphora Culture Sandomierz, Poland

Biological Sex

Male

mtDNA Haplogroup

U5b2

Y-DNA Haplogroup

I-M223

Social Role

Farmer (AI estimate, era-typical)

Geography

Location

Where this individual was discovered

Country Poland

Locality Sandomierz. site 78

Coordinates 50.6000, 21.7000

Chronology

Date range

When this individual lived in the broader context of human history

Indo-European individual, Poland 2950 BCE - 2650 BCE

Context

Historical context

Background information associated with the reference record.

Overview

The “Globular Amphora Culture Sandomierz” designation refers to Globular Amphora contexts identified in the Sandomierz region of Poland within the broad 3400–2800 BCE timeframe. Like other Globular Amphora assemblages, it is primarily characterized by distinctive ceramic traditions and associated mortuary patterns.

Region & Environment

The Sandomierz area lies within a landscape of river valleys and arable zones that supported farming and herding. Water access and productive soils would have encouraged settlement locations and repeated occupation of favorable ground.

Historical Context

Globular Amphora Culture belongs to the Late Neolithic transitioning toward Early Bronze Age conditions across parts of northern Europe. Regional groupings used shared styles in material culture, and the Sandomierz horizon fits into this broader pattern of inter-regional connections.

Populations & Lifeways

Communities in this period were primarily agricultural, managing domesticated plants and animals while also relying on local resources from forests and wetlands. Household economies were likely sustained through a mix of cultivation, herding, and seasonal activities.

Archaeology & Material Culture

In the Globular Amphora tradition, distinctive vessel shapes and surface treatments serve as key archaeological indicators. Grave-associated materials, along with lithic and locally produced tools, help define assemblages attributed to the horizon.

Culture & Society

Mortuary practice provides insight into shared norms and possibly social differentiation. Consistent burial conventions suggest community-level identity and the maintenance of traditions within a wider cultural landscape.

Legacy & Transition

As Globular Amphora horizons ended in the region, later cultural phases replaced earlier ceramic and burial practices. The Sandomierz contexts therefore document one stage in the wider sequence of cultural transformation across the late 4th and early 3rd millennia BCE.

Analysis

Genetic comparisons

These comparisons show genetic similarity, not identity or origin. The populations listed are those whose genomes show statistical alignment to this ancient individual.

Similarity reflects shared history, not shared identity. These are analytical comparisons, not claims about who this person was.

Modern Genetic Admixture

This analysis compares the DNA profile with present-day reference populations, showing statistical similarity to modern reference populations from different regions. The excavation site records where this individual was found, not a fixed modern genetic identity.

Europe 96.7%

Southern European 85.0%

Iberian 38.3%

Italian 26.5%

Sardinian 20.2%

Northwestern European 11.6%

Northwestern European 8.8%

Finnish 1.8%

Scandinavian 1.0%

Africa 3.0%

North African 2.9%

Closest Modern Populations

These are the modern populations showing the closest statistical alignment to A man buried in Poland in the Late Neolithic to Early Bronze Age era, ranked by genetic distance. Lower distance values indicate closer statistical similarity. Cross-region similarity can reflect shared ancestry, population movement, continuity, or later admixture.

Spanish La Rioja

4.2364

Sardinian

4.4471

Spanish Castilla La Mancha

4.5719

Spanish Castello

4.6262

Spanish Pirineu

4.6294

Spanish Aragon

4.6642

Spanish Cantabria

4.6822

Spanish Navarra

4.7059

Spanish Burgos

4.7115

French Corsica

4.7202