A man buried in Russia in the era

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Reference library / Sample profile

A man buried in Russia in the era

Explore the recorded context, genetic comparisons and research behind this reference sample.

RussiaThe Yamnaya Culture

A reference profile describes this sample. It does not establish a personal or family relationship.

AI portrait reconstruction for A man buried in Russia in the  era
AI-generated artistic reconstruction, not a photograph of the individual.
Record

Sample details

Recorded details and available lineage markers.

Individual

Yamnaya individual, Russia

Sample ID: RISE550

Date Range

3335 BCE - 2634 BCE

Cultural Period

The Yamnaya Culture

Biological Sex

Male

mtDNA Haplogroup

U5a1i

Y-DNA Haplogroup

R-M269

Social Role

Warrior (AI estimate, era-typical)

Geography

Location

Where this individual was discovered

Country Russia
Locality Peshany V

A location map is not available for this record.

Chronology

Date range

When this individual lived in the broader context of human history

Yamnaya individual, Russia 3335 BCE - 2634 BCE
Context

Historical context

Background information associated with the reference record.

Overview

The Yamnaya culture is a Late Copper Age archaeological tradition associated with steppe societies in the broader Pontic–Caspian area. It is especially recognized through funerary architecture and a material record that reflects mobile economies and wide-ranging contact.

Region & Environment

Yamnaya sites cluster in grasslands and steppe environments, with access to pasturelands and water sources. These landscapes supported seasonal movement and facilitated long-distance travel along natural corridors.

Historical Context

Placed roughly between the mid-to-late 4th and early 3rd millennia BCE, the Yamnaya period followed earlier Neolithic and Chalcolithic phases in the steppe and adjacent regions. Its social history is reconstructed primarily from settlement and burial evidence, including repeated patterns of artifact usage and mortuary treatment.

Populations & Lifeways

Most reconstructions emphasize herding and pastoral subsistence, likely complemented by hunting and limited cultivation where conditions allowed. Mobility—whether seasonal or more flexible—helped manage pasture and water variability, and households were organized to support movement across broad territories.

Archaeology & Material Culture

Yamnaya material culture is characterized by distinctive pottery forms, stone and bone tools suited to everyday tasks and mobile life, and increasingly visible use of metals in some contexts. Burials often provide the clearest signals: customary forms of burial involving kurgans and carefully arranged grave goods appear across many regions, allowing archaeologists to track chronological and regional variation.

Culture & Society

Mortuary practice indicates shared cultural norms with recognizable regional styles. The presence of standardized artifact types in graves suggests social ties and shared identities, while local differences imply varied community histories and interactions with neighboring groups.

Legacy & Transition

The Yamnaya horizon is widely discussed as a major steppe phase whose influence connects to later Bronze Age cultures across Eurasia. In archaeological terms, the transition is seen through changing pottery styles, mortuary patterns, and metallurgical or tool traditions as the steppe landscape entered subsequent Bronze Age developments.

Analysis

Genetic comparisons

These comparisons show genetic similarity, not identity or origin. The populations listed are those whose genomes show statistical alignment to this ancient individual.

Similarity reflects shared history, not shared identity. These are analytical comparisons, not claims about who this person was.

Modern Genetic Admixture

This analysis compares the DNA profile with present-day reference populations, showing statistical similarity to modern reference populations from different regions. The excavation site records where this individual was found, not a fixed modern genetic identity.

Europe 67.4%
Northwestern European 46.0%
English 25.9%
Finnish 20.1%
Eastern European 21.4%
Eastern European 21.4%
Asia 29.6%
Northern West Asian 23.0%
Caucasian 23.0%
Central Asian, Northern Indian & Pakistani 6.6%
Pakistan 6.6%
America 2.3%
America 2.3%
Native American 2.3%
Africa 0.7%
Congolese & Southern East African 0.7%
South East African 0.7%

Closest Modern Populations

These are the modern populations showing the closest statistical alignment to A man buried in Russia in the era, ranked by genetic distance. Lower distance values indicate closer statistical similarity. Cross-region similarity can reflect shared ancestry, population movement, continuity, or later admixture.

1
Turkish Deliorman
6.3375
2
Moksha
7.0341
3
Tatar Mishar
7.0394
4
Moldovan
7.1388
5
Moldovan O
7.1601
6
Turkish Rumeli
7.2723
7
Mordovian
7.2748
8
Afrikaner
7.3008
9
Hungarian
7.3343
10
Erzya
7.3686
Context

Related Samples

This individual exists within a broader network of ancient samples. No ancient genome stands alone.

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Eurasian Steppe individual, Russia Iron Age 3 Russia 1000 BCE Sary-Bel, Russia View
Eurasian Steppe individual, Russia Iron Age 3 Russia 1000 BCE Verh-Uimon, Russia View
Indo-European individual, Russia Andronovo Culture, Russia 1731 BCE Kytmanovo, Russia View
Proto-Indo-European individual, Russia Early Bronze Age Yamnaya Culture, Kalmykia, Russia 2886 BCE Temrta IV, Russia View
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Eurasian Steppe individual, Russia Iron Age 3 Russia 1000 BCE Verh-Uimon, Russia View
Proto-Indo-European individual, Russia Early Bronze Age Yamnaya Culture, Kalmykia, Russia 3335 BCE Peshany V, Russia View
Indo-European individual, Russia Afanasievo Culture 3323 BCE River Kuyum, Russia View
Indo-European individual, Russia Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta 1953 BCE Bulanovo, Russia View
Indo-European individual, Russia Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta 2335 BCE Bulanovo, Russia View
Indo-European individual, Russia Andronovo Culture, Russia 1488 BCE Kytmanovo, Russia View
Andronovo Culture individual, Russia Karasuk Culture, Russia 1417 BCE Sabinka 2, Russia View
Proto-Indo-European individual, Russia Mezhovskaya Culture, Russia 1300 BCE Kapova cave, Russia View
Indo-European individual, Russia Afanasievo Culture 2848 BCE Bateni, Russia View
Indo-European individual, Russia Early Bronze Age Russia 2853 BCE Stalingrad Quarry, Russia View
Proto-Indo-European individual, Russia Early Bronze Age Yamnaya Culture, Kalmykia, Russia 2879 BCE Sukhaya Termista I, Russia View
Proto-Indo-European individual, Russia Late Bronze Age 2 Russia 1009 BCE Afontova Gora, Russia View
Proto-Indo-European individual, Russia Early Bronze Age Yamnaya Culture, Kalmykia, Russia 3300 BCE Temrta IV, Russia View
Andronovo Culture individual, Russia Karasuk Culture, Russia 393 BCE Sabinka 2, Russia View
Proto-Indo-European individual, Russia Late Bronze Age 1 Russia 927 BCE Afontova Gora, Russia View
Proto-Indo-European individual, Russia Mezhovskaya Culture, Russia 1300 BCE Kapova cave, Russia View
Proto-Indo-European individual, Poland Early Bronze Age Unetice Culture, Poland 1886 BCE Przeclawice, Poland View
Proto-Indo-European individual, Poland Early Bronze Age Unetice Culture, Poland 1959 BCE Wojkowice, Poland View
Proto-Indo-European individual, Poland Early Bronze Age Unetice Culture, Poland 1930 BCE Szczepankowice, Poland View
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Proto-Indo-European individual, Poland Early Bronze Age Unetice Culture, Poland 2191 BCE Polwica, Poland View
Proto-Indo-European individual, Poland Early Bronze Age Unetice Culture, Poland 2137 BCE Chociwel, Poland View
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Illyrian individual, Montenegro Late Bronze Age Montenegro 1200 BCE Velika Gruda, Montenegro View
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Eurasian Steppe individual, Kazakhstan Middle to Late Bronze Age Sintashta Culture, Kazakhstan 2126 BCE Tanabergen II, Kazakhstan View
Baltic individual, Lithuania Late Bronze Age Lithuania 906 BCE Turlojiske, Lithuania View
Indo-European individual, Czech Republic Early Bronze Age Staro-Unetice Culture, Czech Republic 2500 BCE Velké Přílepy, Czech Republic View
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European Chalcolithic individual, Italy Chalcolithic Remedello Culture, Northern Italy 2909 BCE Lombardy. Remedello di Sotto, Italy View
European Chalcolithic individual, Italy Chalcolithic Remedello Culture, Northern Italy 3485 BCE Lombardy. Remedello di Sotto, Italy View
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Indo-European individual, Hungary Early Bronze Age Maros Culture, Hungary 2034 BCE Battonya Vörös Oktober, Hungary View
Indo-European individual, Hungary Early Bronze Age Maros Culture, Hungary 2137 BCE Szöreg-C (Sziv Utca), Hungary View
European Bronze Age individual, Hungary Middle Bronze Age Vatya Culture, Hungary 2130 BCE Százhalombatta-Földvár, Hungary View
European Bronze Age individual, Germany Bell Beaker Culture, Germany 2573 BCE Osterhofen-Altenmarkt, Germany View
Indo-European individual, Germany Corded Ware Culture, Germany 2662 BCE Bergrheinfeld, Germany View
Proto-Germanic individual, Germany Bronze Age Germany 1687 BCE Untermeitingen, Germany View
Indo-European individual, Germany Corded Ware Culture, Germany 2880 BCE Tiefbrunn, Germany View
Indo-European individual, Germany Corded Ware Culture, Germany 2869 BCE Tiefbrunn, Germany View
Indo-European individual, Germany Corded Ware Culture, Germany 2865 BCE Tiefbrunn, Germany View
Funnelbeaker culture individual, Denmark Middle Neolithic B Denmark 2848 BCE Kyndelöse, Denmark View
Funnelbeaker culture individual, Denmark Late Neolithic Denmark 2197 BCE Falshöj, Denmark View
Nordic Bronze Age individual, Denmark Bronze Age Denmark 1499 BCE Sebber skole, Denmark View
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Nordic Bronze Age individual, Denmark Bronze Age Denmark 1426 BCE Karlstrup, Denmark View
Funnelbeaker culture individual, Denmark Late Neolithic Denmark 2193 BCE Marbjerg, Denmark View
Slavic individual, Czech Republic Early Slavic Period, Czech Republic 660 CE Brandysek, Czech Republic View
Slavic individual, Czech Republic Early Slavic Period, Czech Republic 600 CE Brandysek, Czech Republic View
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Dingolfing Landau Bell Beaker individual, Germany Bell Beaker Culture, Germany 2456 BCE Dingolfing-Landau (Bavaria, Landau an der Isar), Germany View
European Bronze Age individual, Germany Bell Beaker Culture, Germany 2573 BCE Osterhofen-Altenmarkt (Lower Bavaria, Deggendorf, Osterhofen), Germany View
European Bronze Age individual, Germany Bell Beaker Culture, Germany 2500 BCE Osterhofen-Altenmarkt (Lower Bavaria, Deggendorf, Osterhofen), Germany View
Bell Beaker individual, Czechia Bell Beaker culture 2282 BCE Kněževes (Středočeský kraj, okres Praha-západ), Czechia View
Bell Beaker individual, Czechia Bell Beaker culture 2800 BCE Kněževes (Středočeský kraj, okres Praha-západ), Czechia View
Slavic individual, Czechia Early Slavic Culture of Bohemia 600 CE Brandýsek (Central Bohemian Region, Kladno District), Czechia View
Early Medieval Early Slav individual, Czechia Early Slavic Culture of Bohemia 660 CE Brandýsek (Central Bohemian Region, Kladno District), Czechia View
EBA Starounetice individual, Czechia Early Bronze Age Únětice Culture 2500 BCE Velké-Přílepy (Středočeský kraj, okres Praha-západ), Czechia View
EBA Unetice individual, Czechia Únětice culture 2800 BCE Moravská-Nová-Ves (South Moravian Region, Břeclav District), Czechia View
IA individual, Montenegro Montenegrin Iron Age 800 BCE Velika Gruda, Montenegro View
Russia Ia individual, Russia 393 BCE Sabinka 2, Russia View
Karasuk individual, Russia 1417 BCE Sabinka 2, Russia View
Afanasievo individual, Russia 2889 BCE Bateni, Russia View
Bell Beaker individual, Germany 2459 BCE Augsburg, Germany View
Bell Beaker individual, Germany 2500 BCE Augsburg, Germany View
Bell Beaker individual, Germany 2456 BCE Landau an der Isar, Germany View
Bell Beaker individual, Germany 2573 BCE Osterhofen-Altenmarkt, Germany View
Bell Beaker individual, Germany 2500 BCE Osterhofen-Altenmarkt, Germany View
Bell Beaker individual, Czech Republic 2282 BCE Knezeves, Czech Republic View
Bell Beaker individual, Czech Republic 2800 BCE Knezeves, Czech Republic View
Slav Early individual, Czech Republic 600 CE Brandysek, Czech Republic View
Slav Early individual, Czech Republic 660 CE Brandysek, Czech Republic View
Unetice individual, Czech Republic 2500 BCE Velké Přílepy, Czech Republic View
Unetice individual, Czech Republic 2800 BCE Moravská Nová Ves, Czech Republic View
Balkans Ia individual, Montenegro 800 BCE Velika Gruda, Montenegro View
Afanasievo individual, Russia 2889 BCE Bateni, Russia View
Unetice individual, Czech Republic 2800 BCE Moravská Nová Ves, Czech Republic View
Bell Beaker individual, Czech Republic 2800 BCE Knezeves, Czech Republic View
Bell Beaker individual, Germany 2459 BCE Augsburg, Germany View
Bell Beaker individual, Germany 2500 BCE Osterhofen-Altenmarkt, Germany View
Bell Beaker individual, Germany 2456 BCE Landau an der Isar, Germany View
Bell Beaker individual, Germany 2500 BCE Augsburg, Germany View
Afanasievo individual, Russia 3323 BCE River Kuyum, Russia View
Poland Lnba individual, Poland 2866 BCE Oblaczkowo, Poland View
Nordic Ba individual, Denmark 1426 BCE Karlstrup, Denmark View
Nordic Ln individual, Denmark 2193 BCE Marbjerg, Denmark View
Nordic Ba individual, Denmark 1499 BCE Sebber skole, Denmark View
Corded Ware individual, Denmark 2848 BCE Kyndelöse, Denmark View
Nordic Ln individual, Denmark 2197 BCE Falshöj, Denmark View
Corded Ware individual, Sweden 2623 BCE Viby, Sweden View
Nordic Ln individual, Sweden 2030 BCE Fredriksberg, Sweden View
Nordic Ln individual, Sweden 2278 BCE L Beddinge 56, Sweden View
Unetice individual, Poland 1959 BCE Wojkowice, Poland View
Unetice individual, Poland 2137 BCE Chociwel, Poland View
Unetice individual, Poland 2191 BCE Polwica, Poland View
Unetice individual, Poland 1886 BCE Przeclawice, Poland View
Unetice individual, Poland 1930 BCE Szczepankowice, Poland View
Nordic Ia individual, Sweden 433 CE Oxie 7, Sweden View
Nordic Ba individual, Sweden 1396 BCE Abekås I, Sweden View
Nordic Ln individual, Sweden 2015 BCE Abekås I, Sweden View
Nordic Ba individual, Sweden 1495 BCE Ängamöllan, Sweden View
Nordic Ba individual, Sweden 1436 BCE Ängamöllan, Sweden View
Yamnaya individual, Russia 2879 BCE Sukhaya Termista I, Russia View
Balkans Ba individual, Hungary 1743 BCE Százhalombatta-Földvár, Hungary View
Balkans Ba individual, Hungary 2130 BCE Százhalombatta-Földvár, Hungary View
Nordic Lba individual, Denmark 789 BCE Trundholm II, Denmark View
Balkans Mba individual, Hungary 2034 BCE Battonya Vörös Oktober, Hungary View
Balkans Eba individual, Hungary 2137 BCE Szöreg-C (Sziv Utca), Hungary View
Balkans Eba individual, Hungary 1887 BCE Szöreg-C (Sziv Utca), Hungary View
Balkans Eba individual, Hungary 1872 BCE Szöreg-C (Sziv Utca), Hungary View
Sintashta individual, Russia 2335 BCE Bulanovo, Russia View
Sintashta individual, Kazakhstan 2126 BCE Tanabergen II, Kazakhstan View
Sintashta individual, Russia 2131 BCE Stepnoe VII Cemetery, Russia View
Sintashta individual, Russia 1953 BCE Bulanovo, Russia View
Sintashta individual, Russia 2008 BCE Bol'shekaraganskii, Russia View
Armenia Mlba individual, Armenia 1196 BCE Kapan, Armenia View
Armenia Mlba individual, Armenia 1049 BCE Kapan, Armenia View
Armenia Mlba individual, Armenia 1118 BCE Norabak, Armenia View
Armenia Mlba individual, Armenia 1212 BCE Norabak, Armenia View
Armenia Mlba individual, Armenia 1201 BCE Noratus, Armenia View
Armenia Mlba individual, Armenia 1919 BCE Nerquin Getashen, Armenia View
Armenia Mlba individual, Armenia 1616 BCE Nerquin Getashen, Armenia View
Armenia Mlba individual, Armenia 1407 BCE Nerquin Getashen, Armenia View
Epi Corded Ware Unetice individual, Poland 2286 BCE Leki Male, Poland View
Corded Ware individual, Germany 2880 BCE Tiefbrunn, Germany View
Corded Ware individual, Germany 2865 BCE Tiefbrunn, Germany View
Corded Ware individual, Germany 2869 BCE Tiefbrunn, Germany View
Corded Ware individual, Germany 2662 BCE Bergrheinfeld, Germany View
Ceu Mba individual, Germany 1687 BCE Untermeitingen, Germany View
Balkans Ba individual, Hungary 2000 BCE Erd 4, Hungary View
Balkans Ba individual, Hungary 1700 BCE Erd 4, Hungary View
Balkans Ba individual, Hungary 2000 BCE Erd 4, Hungary View
Balkans Ba individual, Hungary 2000 BCE Erd 4, Hungary View
Italy Ba individual, Italy 2136 BCE Lombardy. Remedello di Sotto, Italy View
Italy Ba individual, Italy 3485 BCE Lombardy. Remedello di Sotto, Italy View
Italy Ba individual, Italy 2909 BCE Lombardy. Remedello di Sotto, Italy View
Karasuk individual, Russia 1518 BCE Sabinka 2, Russia View
Karasuk individual, Russia 1400 BCE Arban 1, Russia View
Karasuk individual, Russia 1416 BCE Arban 1, Russia View
Karasuk individual, Russia 1400 BCE Arban 1, Russia View
Karasuk individual, Russia 1400 BCE Bystrovka, Russia View
Andronovo individual, Russia 1700 BCE Kytmanovo, Russia View
Karasuk individual, Russia 1497 BCE Bystrovka, Russia View
Andronovo individual, Russia 1731 BCE Kytmanovo, Russia View
Russia Ia individual, Russia 709 CE Kytmanovo, Russia View
Andronovo individual, Russia 1862 BCE Kytmanovo, Russia View
Afanasievo individual, Russia 2848 BCE Bateni, Russia View
Afanasievo individual, Russia 2909 BCE Bateni, Russia View
Andronovo individual, Russia 1488 BCE Kytmanovo, Russia View
Mezhovskaya individual, Russia 1531 BCE Kapova cave, Russia View
Mezhovskaya individual, Russia 1300 BCE Kapova cave, Russia View
Mezhovskaya individual, Russia 1300 BCE Kapova cave, Russia View
Yamnaya individual, Russia 3300 BCE Temrta IV, Russia View
Yamnaya individual, Russia 2886 BCE Temrta IV, Russia View
Yamnaya individual, Russia 3300 BCE Temrta IV, Russia View
Yamnaya individual, Russia 3335 BCE Peshany V, Russia View
Yamnaya individual, Russia 2846 BCE Ulan V, Russia View
Siberia West Lba individual, Russia 927 BCE Afontova Gora, Russia View
Siberia West Lba individual, Russia 1009 BCE Afontova Gora, Russia View
Catacomb individual, Russia 2853 BCE Stalingrad Quarry, Russia View
Balkans Lba individual, Montenegro 1200 BCE Velika Gruda, Montenegro View
Baltic Ba individual, Lithuania 906 BCE Turlojiske, Lithuania View
Russia Ia individual, Russia 1000 BCE Verh-Uimon, Russia View
Russia Ia individual, Russia 1000 BCE Verh-Uimon, Russia View
Russia Ia individual, Russia 1000 BCE Sary-Bel, Russia View
Page 1
Individual Culture/Period Date Location Action
Yamnaya individual, Kazakhstan 3016 BCE Karagash, Kazakhstan View
Yamnaya individual, Russia 3020 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara River. Luzkhi I, Russia View
Yamnaya individual, Russia 2879 BCE Sukhaya Termista I, Russia View
Yamnaya individual, Russia 3300 BCE Temrta IV, Russia View
Yamnaya individual, Russia 2886 BCE Temrta IV, Russia View
Yamnaya individual, Russia 3300 BCE Temrta IV, Russia View
Yamnaya individual, Russia 3335 BCE Peshany V, Russia View
Yamnaya individual, Russia 2846 BCE Ulan V, Russia View
Yamnaya individual, Ukraine 3300 BCE Shevchenko. OAE-2003, Ukraine View
Yamnaya individual, Russia 2877 BCE Goryachevadskiy, Russia View
Yamnaya individual, Russia 2911 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Southern Steppe. Ekaterinovka, Russia View
Page 1
Sources

References

Scientific publications and genetic data that inform this profile.

G25 Coordinates

These coordinates represent a position in genetic space, a tool for comparison, not a conclusion. You can use these to perform custom admixture analysis in G25 Studio.

RISE550,0.1196797,0.08510798,0.03002256,0.0415636,0.0009583,0.0178523,0.00111564,-0.00298168,-0.01612932,-0.01992802,-0.00256006,0.0033925,0.00065768,-0.0073166,0.0075052,-0.00100974,-0.0082219,0.00064872,-0.00336224,-0.00425026,0.00223484,0.0038295,-0.00059252,0.00889758,-0.00193285
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