A woman buried in Russia in the Early Bronze Age era

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Reference library / Sample profile

A woman buried in Russia in the Early Bronze Age era

Explore the recorded context, genetic comparisons and research behind this reference sample.

RussiaRussia Afanasievo

A reference profile describes this sample. It does not establish a personal or family relationship.

View sample details Explore Shared Roots
AI portrait reconstruction for A woman buried in Russia in the Early Bronze Age era
AI-generated artistic reconstruction, not a photograph of the individual.
Record

Sample details

Recorded details and available lineage markers.

Individual

Indo-European individual, Russia

Sample ID: RISE511

Date Range

2909 BCE - 2674 BCE

Cultural Period

Russia Afanasievo

Biological Sex

Female

mtDNA Haplogroup

J2a2a

Y-DNA Haplogroup

Not available

Social Role

Pastoralist (AI estimate, era-typical)

Geography

Location

Where this individual was discovered

Country Russia
Locality Bateni
Coordinates 54.3566, 90.9192
Chronology

Date range

When this individual lived in the broader context of human history

Indo-European individual, Russia 2909 BCE - 2674 BCE
Context

Historical context

Background information associated with the reference record.

Afanasievo communities in Southern Siberia formed part of the Early Bronze Age cultural landscape, emerging around the later 4th millennium BCE. Their presence is best documented through settlements, cemeteries, and the distinctive material signature of the culture across broad steppe and foothill zones.

Region & Environment

Southern Siberia encompasses steppe grasslands, river valleys, and mountainous terrain. Seasonal mobility would have been practical for herding and for moving between pasture areas, while local soils and river systems supported small-scale farming where available.

Historical Context

During this period, Early Bronze Age societies across the steppe and surrounding regions were increasingly connected through long-distance exchanges of materials and practices. Afanasievo is commonly discussed within broader discussions of steppe Bronze Age developments, but its exact origins and relationships to other groups remain a topic of scholarly debate.

Populations & Lifeways

Afanasievo lifeways are typically characterized as pastoralist, with herding as a central economic activity supplemented by hunting and other foraging. Communities likely practiced at least some cyclical movement to manage livestock through seasonal pasture shifts, while burial practices indicate shared community identities.

Archaeology & Material Culture

Archaeological signatures include pit features and domestic contexts (where identified), cemeteries, ceramics with characteristic forms and surface treatments, and extensive use of stone tools. Early metallurgy is also part of the record, along with artifacts made from bone/antler and other locally available materials.

Culture & Society

Material culture suggests social organization around kin-based or community-based groups, visible in recurring burial practices and repeated craft and tool styles. The combination of herding-oriented subsistence, standardized artifact traditions, and cemetery patterns points to shared norms transmitted within the cultural tradition.

Legacy & Transition

By the end of the Afanasievo period (by the late 3rd millennium BCE), the regional archaeological record reflects changing cultural patterns across Southern Siberia. Subsequent traditions show differences in material culture and mortuary practices, indicating transitions in population history, interaction networks, or both.

Analysis

Genetic comparisons

These comparisons show genetic similarity, not identity or origin. The populations listed are those whose genomes show statistical alignment to this ancient individual.

Similarity reflects shared history, not shared identity. These are analytical comparisons, not claims about who this person was.

Modern Genetic Admixture

This analysis compares the DNA profile with present-day reference populations, showing statistical similarity to modern reference populations from different regions. The excavation site records where this individual was found, not a fixed modern genetic identity.

Europe 75.0%
Eastern European 38.1%
Eastern European 38.1%
Northwestern European 36.9%
English 19.8%
Finnish 14.7%
Scandinavian 2.4%
Asia 24.2%
Central Asian, Northern Indian & Pakistani 14.0%
Pakistan 14.0%
Northern West Asian 10.2%
Caucasian 10.2%
America 0.8%
America 0.8%
Native American 0.8%

Closest Modern Populations

These are the modern populations showing the closest statistical alignment to A woman buried in Russia in the Early Bronze Age era, ranked by genetic distance. Lower distance values indicate closer statistical similarity. Cross-region similarity can reflect shared ancestry, population movement, continuity, or later admixture.

1
Tatar Mishar
4.3905
2
Mordovian
5.1815
3
Moksha
5.3040
4
Erzya
5.3078
5
Russian Krasnoborsky
5.8175
6
Russian Kostroma
5.8807
7
Komi A
6.0371
8
Russian Leshukonsky
6.1478
9
Tatar Kazan
6.4251
10
Russian Pinezhsky
6.4490
Context

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This individual exists within a broader network of ancient samples. No ancient genome stands alone.

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Indo-European individual, Russia Mid-Late Bronze Sintashta 2335 BCE Bulanovo, Russia View
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Proto-Indo-European individual, Russia Mezhovskaya Culture, Russia 1300 BCE Kapova cave, Russia View
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Proto-Indo-European individual, Russia Mezhovskaya Culture, Russia 1300 BCE Kapova cave, Russia View
Proto-Indo-European individual, Poland Early Bronze Age Unetice Culture, Poland 1886 BCE Przeclawice, Poland View
Proto-Indo-European individual, Poland Early Bronze Age Unetice Culture, Poland 1959 BCE Wojkowice, Poland View
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Proto-Indo-European individual, Poland Early Bronze Age Unetice Culture, Poland 2191 BCE Polwica, Poland View
Proto-Indo-European individual, Poland Early Bronze Age Unetice Culture, Poland 2137 BCE Chociwel, Poland View
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European Chalcolithic individual, Italy Chalcolithic Remedello Culture, Northern Italy 2909 BCE Lombardy. Remedello di Sotto, Italy View
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Indo-European individual, Hungary Early Bronze Age Maros Culture, Hungary 2137 BCE Szöreg-C (Sziv Utca), Hungary View
European Bronze Age individual, Hungary Middle Bronze Age Vatya Culture, Hungary 2130 BCE Százhalombatta-Földvár, Hungary View
European Bronze Age individual, Germany Bell Beaker Culture, Germany 2573 BCE Osterhofen-Altenmarkt, Germany View
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Proto-Germanic individual, Germany Bronze Age Germany 1687 BCE Untermeitingen, Germany View
Indo-European individual, Germany Corded Ware Culture, Germany 2880 BCE Tiefbrunn, Germany View
Indo-European individual, Germany Corded Ware Culture, Germany 2869 BCE Tiefbrunn, Germany View
Indo-European individual, Germany Corded Ware Culture, Germany 2865 BCE Tiefbrunn, Germany View
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European Bronze Age individual, Germany Bell Beaker Culture, Germany 2573 BCE Osterhofen-Altenmarkt (Lower Bavaria, Deggendorf, Osterhofen), Germany View
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Slavic individual, Czechia Early Slavic Culture of Bohemia 600 CE Brandýsek (Central Bohemian Region, Kladno District), Czechia View
Early Medieval Early Slav individual, Czechia Early Slavic Culture of Bohemia 660 CE Brandýsek (Central Bohemian Region, Kladno District), Czechia View
EBA Starounetice individual, Czechia Early Bronze Age Únětice Culture 2500 BCE Velké-Přílepy (Středočeský kraj, okres Praha-západ), Czechia View
EBA Unetice individual, Czechia Únětice culture 2800 BCE Moravská-Nová-Ves (South Moravian Region, Břeclav District), Czechia View
IA individual, Montenegro Montenegrin Iron Age 800 BCE Velika Gruda, Montenegro View
Russia Ia individual, Russia 393 BCE Sabinka 2, Russia View
Karasuk individual, Russia 1417 BCE Sabinka 2, Russia View
Afanasievo individual, Russia 2889 BCE Bateni, Russia View
Bell Beaker individual, Germany 2459 BCE Augsburg, Germany View
Bell Beaker individual, Germany 2500 BCE Augsburg, Germany View
Bell Beaker individual, Germany 2456 BCE Landau an der Isar, Germany View
Bell Beaker individual, Germany 2573 BCE Osterhofen-Altenmarkt, Germany View
Bell Beaker individual, Germany 2500 BCE Osterhofen-Altenmarkt, Germany View
Bell Beaker individual, Czech Republic 2282 BCE Knezeves, Czech Republic View
Bell Beaker individual, Czech Republic 2800 BCE Knezeves, Czech Republic View
Slav Early individual, Czech Republic 600 CE Brandysek, Czech Republic View
Slav Early individual, Czech Republic 660 CE Brandysek, Czech Republic View
Unetice individual, Czech Republic 2500 BCE Velké Přílepy, Czech Republic View
Unetice individual, Czech Republic 2800 BCE Moravská Nová Ves, Czech Republic View
Balkans Ia individual, Montenegro 800 BCE Velika Gruda, Montenegro View
Afanasievo individual, Russia 2889 BCE Bateni, Russia View
Unetice individual, Czech Republic 2800 BCE Moravská Nová Ves, Czech Republic View
Bell Beaker individual, Czech Republic 2800 BCE Knezeves, Czech Republic View
Bell Beaker individual, Germany 2459 BCE Augsburg, Germany View
Bell Beaker individual, Germany 2500 BCE Osterhofen-Altenmarkt, Germany View
Bell Beaker individual, Germany 2456 BCE Landau an der Isar, Germany View
Bell Beaker individual, Germany 2500 BCE Augsburg, Germany View
Afanasievo individual, Russia 3323 BCE River Kuyum, Russia View
Poland Lnba individual, Poland 2866 BCE Oblaczkowo, Poland View
Nordic Ba individual, Denmark 1426 BCE Karlstrup, Denmark View
Nordic Ln individual, Denmark 2193 BCE Marbjerg, Denmark View
Nordic Ba individual, Denmark 1499 BCE Sebber skole, Denmark View
Corded Ware individual, Denmark 2848 BCE Kyndelöse, Denmark View
Nordic Ln individual, Denmark 2197 BCE Falshöj, Denmark View
Corded Ware individual, Sweden 2623 BCE Viby, Sweden View
Nordic Ln individual, Sweden 2030 BCE Fredriksberg, Sweden View
Nordic Ln individual, Sweden 2278 BCE L Beddinge 56, Sweden View
Unetice individual, Poland 1959 BCE Wojkowice, Poland View
Unetice individual, Poland 2137 BCE Chociwel, Poland View
Unetice individual, Poland 2191 BCE Polwica, Poland View
Unetice individual, Poland 1886 BCE Przeclawice, Poland View
Unetice individual, Poland 1930 BCE Szczepankowice, Poland View
Nordic Ia individual, Sweden 433 CE Oxie 7, Sweden View
Nordic Ba individual, Sweden 1396 BCE Abekås I, Sweden View
Nordic Ln individual, Sweden 2015 BCE Abekås I, Sweden View
Nordic Ba individual, Sweden 1495 BCE Ängamöllan, Sweden View
Nordic Ba individual, Sweden 1436 BCE Ängamöllan, Sweden View
Yamnaya individual, Russia 2879 BCE Sukhaya Termista I, Russia View
Balkans Ba individual, Hungary 1743 BCE Százhalombatta-Földvár, Hungary View
Balkans Ba individual, Hungary 2130 BCE Százhalombatta-Földvár, Hungary View
Nordic Lba individual, Denmark 789 BCE Trundholm II, Denmark View
Balkans Mba individual, Hungary 2034 BCE Battonya Vörös Oktober, Hungary View
Balkans Eba individual, Hungary 2137 BCE Szöreg-C (Sziv Utca), Hungary View
Balkans Eba individual, Hungary 1887 BCE Szöreg-C (Sziv Utca), Hungary View
Balkans Eba individual, Hungary 1872 BCE Szöreg-C (Sziv Utca), Hungary View
Sintashta individual, Russia 2335 BCE Bulanovo, Russia View
Sintashta individual, Kazakhstan 2126 BCE Tanabergen II, Kazakhstan View
Sintashta individual, Russia 2131 BCE Stepnoe VII Cemetery, Russia View
Sintashta individual, Russia 1953 BCE Bulanovo, Russia View
Sintashta individual, Russia 2008 BCE Bol'shekaraganskii, Russia View
Armenia Mlba individual, Armenia 1196 BCE Kapan, Armenia View
Armenia Mlba individual, Armenia 1049 BCE Kapan, Armenia View
Armenia Mlba individual, Armenia 1118 BCE Norabak, Armenia View
Armenia Mlba individual, Armenia 1212 BCE Norabak, Armenia View
Armenia Mlba individual, Armenia 1201 BCE Noratus, Armenia View
Armenia Mlba individual, Armenia 1919 BCE Nerquin Getashen, Armenia View
Armenia Mlba individual, Armenia 1616 BCE Nerquin Getashen, Armenia View
Armenia Mlba individual, Armenia 1407 BCE Nerquin Getashen, Armenia View
Epi Corded Ware Unetice individual, Poland 2286 BCE Leki Male, Poland View
Corded Ware individual, Germany 2880 BCE Tiefbrunn, Germany View
Corded Ware individual, Germany 2865 BCE Tiefbrunn, Germany View
Corded Ware individual, Germany 2869 BCE Tiefbrunn, Germany View
Corded Ware individual, Germany 2662 BCE Bergrheinfeld, Germany View
Ceu Mba individual, Germany 1687 BCE Untermeitingen, Germany View
Balkans Ba individual, Hungary 2000 BCE Erd 4, Hungary View
Balkans Ba individual, Hungary 1700 BCE Erd 4, Hungary View
Balkans Ba individual, Hungary 2000 BCE Erd 4, Hungary View
Balkans Ba individual, Hungary 2000 BCE Erd 4, Hungary View
Italy Ba individual, Italy 2136 BCE Lombardy. Remedello di Sotto, Italy View
Italy Ba individual, Italy 3485 BCE Lombardy. Remedello di Sotto, Italy View
Italy Ba individual, Italy 2909 BCE Lombardy. Remedello di Sotto, Italy View
Karasuk individual, Russia 1518 BCE Sabinka 2, Russia View
Karasuk individual, Russia 1400 BCE Arban 1, Russia View
Karasuk individual, Russia 1416 BCE Arban 1, Russia View
Karasuk individual, Russia 1400 BCE Arban 1, Russia View
Karasuk individual, Russia 1400 BCE Bystrovka, Russia View
Andronovo individual, Russia 1700 BCE Kytmanovo, Russia View
Karasuk individual, Russia 1497 BCE Bystrovka, Russia View
Andronovo individual, Russia 1731 BCE Kytmanovo, Russia View
Russia Ia individual, Russia 709 CE Kytmanovo, Russia View
Andronovo individual, Russia 1862 BCE Kytmanovo, Russia View
Afanasievo individual, Russia 2848 BCE Bateni, Russia View
Afanasievo individual, Russia 2909 BCE Bateni, Russia View
Andronovo individual, Russia 1488 BCE Kytmanovo, Russia View
Mezhovskaya individual, Russia 1531 BCE Kapova cave, Russia View
Mezhovskaya individual, Russia 1300 BCE Kapova cave, Russia View
Mezhovskaya individual, Russia 1300 BCE Kapova cave, Russia View
Yamnaya individual, Russia 3300 BCE Temrta IV, Russia View
Yamnaya individual, Russia 2886 BCE Temrta IV, Russia View
Yamnaya individual, Russia 3300 BCE Temrta IV, Russia View
Yamnaya individual, Russia 3335 BCE Peshany V, Russia View
Yamnaya individual, Russia 2846 BCE Ulan V, Russia View
Siberia West Lba individual, Russia 927 BCE Afontova Gora, Russia View
Siberia West Lba individual, Russia 1009 BCE Afontova Gora, Russia View
Catacomb individual, Russia 2853 BCE Stalingrad Quarry, Russia View
Balkans Lba individual, Montenegro 1200 BCE Velika Gruda, Montenegro View
Baltic Ba individual, Lithuania 906 BCE Turlojiske, Lithuania View
Russia Ia individual, Russia 1000 BCE Verh-Uimon, Russia View
Russia Ia individual, Russia 1000 BCE Verh-Uimon, Russia View
Russia Ia individual, Russia 1000 BCE Sary-Bel, Russia View
Page 1
Individual Culture/Period Date Location Action
Khakassia Afanasievo individual, Russia Afanasievo Culture 2857 BCE Middle Yenisei region. Afanasieva Gora, Russia View
Khakassia Afanasievo individual, Russia Afanasievo Culture 2950 BCE Middle Yenisei region. Afanasieva Gora, Russia View
Khakassia Afanasievo individual, Russia Afanasievo Culture 3000 BCE Middle Yenisei region. Afanasieva Gora, Russia View
Khakassia Afanasievo individual, Russia Afanasievo Culture 3300 BCE Altai Mountains. Yenisey River. left bank of Karasuk tributary. Karasuk III, Russia View
Altai EIA Afanasievo individual, Russia Afanasievo Culture 3331 BCE Altai Autonomous Republic. Ust-Kanski. Altai Mountains. Kaminnaya Cave, Russia View
Altai Afanasievo individual, Russia Afanasievo Culture 3088 BCE Altai Mountains. Ust'-Kuyum, Russia View
Khakassia Afanasievo individual, Russia Afanasievo Culture 2881 BCE Altai Mountains. Yenisey River. left bank of Karasuk tributary. Karasuk III, Russia View
Khakassia Afanasievo individual, Russia Afanasievo Culture 2874 BCE Altai Mountains. Yenisey River. left bank of Karasuk tributary. Karasuk III, Russia View
Altai Afanasievo individual, Russia Afanasievo Culture 3011 BCE Altai Mountains. Saldyar-1 cemetery, Russia View
Indo-European individual, Russia Afanasievo Culture 2868 BCE Altai Mountains. Yenisey River. left bank of Karasuk tributary. Karasuk III, Russia View
Indo-European individual, Russia Afanasievo Culture 3016 BCE Elo 1, Russia View
Altai Afanasievo individual, Russia Afanasievo Culture 3323 BCE Elo 1, Russia View
Altai Afanasievo individual, Russia Afanasievo Culture 3011 BCE Elo 1, Russia View
Altai Afanasievo individual, Russia Afanasievo Culture 3006 BCE Elo Bashi, Russia View
Indo-European individual, Russia Afanasievo Culture 3011 BCE Lower Tyumechin 1, Russia View
Indo-European individual, Russia Afanasievo Culture 3092 BCE Elo Bashi, Russia View
Altai Afanasievo individual, Russia Afanasievo Culture 3082 BCE Lower Tyumechin 1, Russia View
Indo-European individual, Russia Afanasievo Culture 3011 BCE Lower Tyumechin 1, Russia View
Khakassia Afanasievo individual, Russia Afanasievo Culture 2950 BCE Middle Yenisei region. Afanasieva Gora, Russia View
Indo-European individual, Russia Afanasievo Culture 2889 BCE Middle Yenisei region. Afanasieva Gora, Russia View
Khakassia Afanasievo individual, Russia Afanasievo Culture 3300 BCE Middle Yenisei region. Afanasieva Gora, Russia View
Krasnoyarsk Krai Afanasievo individual, Russia Afanasievo Culture 3050 BCE Krasnoyarsk Krai. Minusinsk Rayon. Podsukhanika II, Russia View
Altai Krai Afanasievo individual, Russia Afanasievo Culture 2900 BCE Inskoy Dol, Russia View
Indo-European individual, Russia Afanasievo Culture 2800 BCE Altai Mountains. Yenisey River. left bank of Karasuk tributary. Karasuk III, Russia View
Indo-European individual, Russia Afanasievo Culture 2844 BCE Altai Mountains. Yenisey River. left bank of Karasuk tributary. Karasuk III, Russia View
Indo-European individual, Russia Afanasievo Culture 2879 BCE Altai Mountains. Yenisey River. left bank of Karasuk tributary. Karasuk III, Russia View
Indo-European individual, Russia Afanasievo Culture 2618 BCE Altai Mountains. Yenisey River. left bank of Karasuk tributary. Karasuk III, Russia View
Indo-European individual, Russia Afanasievo Culture 2909 BCE Bateni, Russia View
Indo-European individual, Russia Afanasievo Culture 3323 BCE River Kuyum, Russia View
Indo-European individual, Russia Afanasievo Culture 2848 BCE Bateni, Russia View
Page 1
Sources

References

Scientific publications and genetic data that inform this profile.

G25 Coordinates

These coordinates represent a position in genetic space, a tool for comparison, not a conclusion. You can use these to perform custom admixture analysis in G25 Studio.

RISE511,0.1152506,0.06680928,0.0476709,0.05812408,-0.00176188,0.02096944,0.0073504,0.0081985,-0.01474322,-0.03191362,0.00442778,-0.0053895,0.00907628,-0.00025596,-0.00226428,-0.00456522,-0.00574686,-0.00235384,-0.003542,-0.00688152,-0.00053524,0.0006849,-0.00837506,0.0070073,-0.00195064
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