A man buried in USA in the Pre-Columbian North America era

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Reference library / Sample profile

A man buried in USA in the Pre-Columbian North America era

Explore the recorded context, genetic comparisons and research behind this reference sample.

USAPaleo-Aleut Culture, Alaska, USA

A reference profile describes this sample. It does not establish a personal or family relationship.

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AI portrait reconstruction for A man buried in USA in the Pre-Columbian North America era
AI-generated artistic reconstruction, not a photograph of the individual.
Record

Sample details

Recorded details and available lineage markers.

Individual

Arctic Cultures individual, USA

Sample ID: I0721

Date Range

350 BCE - 110 CE

Cultural Period

Paleo-Aleut Culture, Alaska, USA

Biological Sex

Male

mtDNA Haplogroup

D2a1a

Y-DNA Haplogroup

P-P284

Social Role

Elder (AI estimate, era-typical)

Geography

Location

Where this individual was discovered

Country USA
Locality Alaska. Aleutian Islands. Umnak Island. Chaluka Midden
Coordinates 52.9884, -168.8206
Chronology

Date range

When this individual lived in the broader context of human history

Arctic Cultures individual, USA 350 BCE - 110 CE
Context

Historical context

Background information associated with the reference record.

Paleo-Aleut Culture in Alaska (c. 3000–1000 BCE) is an early phase in the development of Aleutian maritime lifeways, focused on the exploitation of coastal and sea resources.

Region & Environment

The Paleo-Aleut horizon is associated with Alaska’s Aleutian and coastal environments, where cold maritime conditions and abundant marine life offered rich subsistence opportunities. Communities relied on practical access to shorelines and hunting locations.

Historical Context

This era belongs to the deep prehistory of the North Pacific maritime sphere, before later historically documented transformations. Archaeology primarily reconstructs cultural patterns through changes in artifact styles, site organization, and activity areas over time.

Populations & Lifeways

Populations practiced hunting and harvesting focused on marine foods, likely including sea mammals and fish. Daily and seasonal routines required specialized toolkits and knowledge of when and where resources could be acquired.

Archaeology & Material Culture

Artifacts linked to marine hunting and processing are central to Paleo-Aleut identification. Archaeological sites may preserve habitation evidence and processing areas, along with stone and bone tools suited to butchering, shaping, and preparing marine resources.

Culture & Society

Social and economic organization was closely tied to cooperation in marine harvesting and processing. Shared technical traditions in tool-making reflect cultural continuity, while site-level variability can indicate changing local conditions and access to resources.

Legacy & Transition

Paleo-Aleut lifeways provided a foundation for later Aleutian cultural phases. Over subsequent centuries, material culture and site patterns shifted as communities continued to adapt to their environment and as regional traditions developed further.

Analysis

Genetic comparisons

These comparisons show genetic similarity, not identity or origin. The populations listed are those whose genomes show statistical alignment to this ancient individual.

Similarity reflects shared history, not shared identity. These are analytical comparisons, not claims about who this person was.

Modern Genetic Admixture

This analysis compares the DNA profile with present-day reference populations, showing statistical similarity to modern reference populations from different regions. The excavation site records where this individual was found, not a fixed modern genetic identity.

Asia 60.2%
Northern Asian 42.1%
Siberian 35.9%
Mongolian 6.2%
Japanese & Korean 12.0%
Japanese 12.0%
Central Asian, Northern Indian & Pakistani 3.4%
Central Asian 3.4%
Chinese & Southeast Asian 2.7%
Tibetan 2.7%
America 38.0%
America 38.0%
Native American 38.0%
Africa 1.8%
Congolese & Southern East African 1.8%
South East African 1.8%

Closest Modern Populations

These are the modern populations showing the closest statistical alignment to A man buried in USA in the Pre-Columbian North America era, ranked by genetic distance. Lower distance values indicate closer statistical similarity. Cross-region similarity can reflect shared ancestry, population movement, continuity, or later admixture.

1
Eskimo Naukan
4.5455
2
Eskimo
4.7647
3
Eskimo Sireniki
5.6539
4
Eskimo Chaplin
5.8498
5
Chukchi
9.1934
6
Greenlander East
13.4421
7
Itelmen
13.4649
8
Koryak
13.9947
9
Chipewyan
14.2785
10
Amerindian North
16.2668
Context

Related Samples

This individual exists within a broader network of ancient samples. No ancient genome stands alone.

Individual Culture/Period Date Location Action
Alaska Paleo Aleut individual, USA Paleo-Aleut Culture, Alaska, USA 690 CE Alaska. Aleutian Islands. Umnak Island. Chaluka Midden, USA View
Alaska Ancient Athabaskan individual, USA Ancient Athabaskan, Alaska, USA 1,100 Years Ago 1000 CE Alaska. western interior. Tochak McGrath. Upper Kuskokwim River, USA View
Alaska Ancient Athabaskan individual, USA Ancient Athabaskan, Alaska, USA 1,100 Years Ago 1000 CE Alaska. western interior. Tochak McGrath. Upper Kuskokwim River, USA View
Arctic Cultures individual, Russia Old Bering Sea Culture Uelen, Russia 60 CE Uelen Chukotka. Bering Strait, Russia View
Siberian Hunter-Gatherers individual, Russia Ust-Belaya Angara Culture, Russia 2897 BCE Baikal Region. Angara river basin. Mouth of the Belaya River, Russia View
Arctic Cultures individual, Russia Old Bering Sea Culture Ekven, Russia 510 CE Chukotka. Bering Strait. Ekven, Russia View
Chukotka Old Bering Sea individual, Russia Old Bering Sea Culture Ekven, Russia 1050 CE Chukotka. Bering Strait. Ekven, Russia View
Arctic Cultures individual, Russia Old Bering Sea Culture Ekven, Russia 640 CE Chukotka. Bering Strait. Ekven, Russia View
Arctic Cultures individual, Russia Old Bering Sea Culture Ekven, Russia 480 CE Chukotka. Bering Strait. Ekven, Russia View
Irkutsk N Angara individual, Russia Ust-Belaya Angara Culture, Russia 5210 BCE Baikal Region. Angara river basin. Mouth of the Belaya River, Russia View
Irkutsk N Angara individual, Russia Ust-Belaya Angara Culture, Russia 2900 BCE Baikal Region. Angara river basin. Mouth of the Belaya River, Russia View
Irkutsk Eneolithic individual, Russia Ust-Belaya Angara Culture, Russia 1280 CE Baikal Region. Angara river basin. Mouth of the Belaya River, Russia View
Arctic Cultures individual, Russia Old Bering Sea Culture Ekven, Russia 630 CE Chukotka. Bering Strait. Ekven, Russia View
Arctic Cultures individual, Russia Old Bering Sea Culture Ekven, Russia 720 CE Chukotka. Bering Strait. Ekven, Russia View
Arctic Cultures individual, Russia Old Bering Sea Culture Ekven, Russia 690 CE Chukotka. Bering Strait. Ekven, Russia View
Irkutsk N Angara individual, Russia Ust-Belaya Angara Culture, Russia 2570 BCE Baikal Region. Angara river basin. Mouth of the Belaya River, Russia View
Arctic Cultures individual, Russia Old Bering Sea Culture Ekven, Russia 810 CE Chukotka. Bering Strait. Ekven, Russia View
Chukotka Old Bering Sea individual, Russia Old Bering Sea Culture Ekven, Russia 1210 CE Chukotka. Bering Strait. Ekven, Russia View
Arctic Cultures individual, Russia Old Bering Sea Culture Ekven, Russia 970 CE Chukotka. Bering Strait. Ekven, Russia View
Arctic Cultures individual, Russia Old Bering Sea Culture Ekven, Russia 730 CE Chukotka. Bering Strait. Ekven, Russia View
Arctic Cultures individual, Russia Old Bering Sea Culture Ekven, Russia 620 CE Chukotka. Bering Strait. Ekven, Russia View
Siberian Hunter-Gatherers individual, Russia Ust-Belaya Angara Culture, Russia 3950 BCE Baikal Region. Angara river basin. Mouth of the Belaya River, Russia View
Ancestral Athabaskan individual, USA Ancient Athabaskan, Alaska, USA 1,100 Years Ago 1050 CE Alaska. western interior. Tochak McGrath. Upper Kuskokwim River, USA View
Chukotka Old Bering Sea individual, Russia Old Bering Sea Culture Uelen, Russia 830 CE Uelen Chukotka. Bering Strait, Russia View
Arctic Cultures individual, USA Paleo-Aleut Culture, Alaska, USA 730 CE Alaska. Aleutian Islands. Umnak Island. Chaluka Midden, USA View
Arctic Cultures individual, USA Paleo-Aleut Culture, Alaska, USA 350 BCE Alaska. Aleutian Islands. Umnak Island. Chaluka Midden, USA View
Siberian Hunter-Gatherers individual, Russia Ust-Belaya Angara Culture, Russia 2860 BCE Baikal Region. Angara river basin. Mouth of the Belaya River, Russia View
Arctic Cultures individual, Russia Old Bering Sea Culture Uelen, Russia 990 CE Uelen Chukotka. Bering Strait, Russia View
Siberian Hunter-Gatherers individual, Russia Ust-Belaya Angara Culture, Russia 2620 BCE Baikal Region. Angara river basin. Mouth of the Belaya River, Russia View
Siberian Hunter-Gatherers individual, Russia Ust-Belaya Angara Culture, Russia 3790 BCE Baikal Region. Angara river basin. Mouth of the Belaya River, Russia View
Arctic Cultures individual, Canada Middle Dorset Culture, Canada 50 CE Victoria Island, Canada View
Beringia Ia individual, Russia 348 BCE Chukotka. Bering Strait. Ekven, Russia View
Beringia Ancient individual, USA 350 BCE Alaska. Aleutian Islands. Umnak Island. Chaluka Midden, USA View
Beringia Ema individual, USA 730 CE Alaska. Aleutian Islands. Umnak Island. Chaluka Midden, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 1050 CE Alaska. western interior. Tochak McGrath. Upper Kuskokwim River, USA View
Ustbelaya N individual, Russia 2860 BCE Baikal Region. Angara river basin. Mouth of the Belaya River, Russia View
America North Ancient individual, USA 1050 CE Alaska. western interior. Tochak McGrath. Upper Kuskokwim River, USA View
America North Ancient individual, Canada 50 CE Victoria Island, Canada View
Beringia Ma individual, Russia 990 CE Uelen Chukotka. Bering Strait, Russia View
Ustbelaya N individual, Russia 2620 BCE Baikal Region. Angara river basin. Mouth of the Belaya River, Russia View
Ustbelaya N individual, Russia 2860 BCE Baikal Region. Angara river basin. Mouth of the Belaya River, Russia View
Ustbelaya N individual, Russia 3790 BCE Baikal Region. Angara river basin. Mouth of the Belaya River, Russia View
Page 1
Individual Culture/Period Date Location Action
Alaska Paleo Aleut individual, USA Paleo-Aleut Culture, Alaska, USA 690 CE Alaska. Aleutian Islands. Umnak Island. Chaluka Midden, USA View
Arctic Cultures individual, USA Paleo-Aleut Culture, Alaska, USA 730 CE Alaska. Aleutian Islands. Umnak Island. Chaluka Midden, USA View
Arctic Cultures individual, USA Paleo-Aleut Culture, Alaska, USA 350 BCE Alaska. Aleutian Islands. Umnak Island. Chaluka Midden, USA View
Page 1
Sources

References

Scientific publications and genetic data that inform this profile.

G25 Coordinates

These coordinates represent a position in genetic space, a tool for comparison, not a conclusion. You can use these to perform custom admixture analysis in G25 Studio.

I0721,0.02537928,-0.35061464,0.10802526,0.04015902,-0.1152817,-0.03675458,-0.1099007,-0.1221921,0.00863956,-0.00182644,0.02454272,-0.00271102,0.00200012,-0.00712388,-0.02314542,-0.01488606,0.00174528,0.01463696,0.02823334,0.01343082,0.02602254,-0.0353437,0.00541138,0.01607896,0.0239473
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