Ancient Individual

A man buried in Spain in the Copper Age era

Name: DNAGENICS DNA Analysis Platform
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Author: DNAGENICS

A man buried in Spain during the Chalcolithic Spain

A fragment of the ancient world, preserved across millennia in strands of DNA.

I1302

2900 BCE - 2300 BCE

Male

Spain

Explore Their Story Discover Your Shared Roots

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Chapter I

Identity

The biological and cultural markers that define this ancient individual

Sample ID

I1302

Date Range

2900 BCE - 2300 BCE

Cultural Period

Chalcolithic Spain

Biological Sex

Male

mtDNA Haplogroup

J2b1a3

Y-DNA Haplogroup

G-PF3359

Chapter II

Place

Where this individual was discovered

Country Spain

Locality Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave

Coordinates 42.3333, -3.5000

Chapter III

Time

When this individual lived in the broader context of human history

I1302 2900 BCE - 2300 BCE

Chapter IV

Story

The narrative of this ancient life

The Chalcolithic period, also known as the Copper Age, represents a transitional phase between the Neolithic (New Stone Age) and the Bronze Age, characterized by the first use of metal tools and weapons. In Iberian Chalcolithic or Chalcolithic Spain, this era is particularly significant as it marks a period of social, technological, and cultural transformation that laid the groundwork for subsequent developments in the Iberian Peninsula.

Chronology and Geography

The Chalcolithic period in the Iberian Peninsula roughly spans from 3000 to 1800 BCE, although the exact dates may vary regionally due to the diversity of cultural developments across the area. The Iberian Chalcolithic culture was widespread across modern-day Spain and Portugal, with notable concentrations in regions such as Andalusia, Extremadura, and central and eastern parts of the peninsula.

Technological Innovations

The hallmark of the Chalcolithic period is the emergence of metalworking, particularly with copper. While stone tools continued to be predominant for numerous functions, the advent of metalwork introduced new tool types, such as axes, blades, and ornaments, indicating both utilitarian and ceremonial uses. The knowledge of metallurgy, although initially basic, laid important foundations for the subsequent Bronze Age.

Settlements and Architecture

Settlements during the Iberian Chalcolithic period became more complex, with a mix of small hamlets, larger fortified villages, and even the first proto-urban centers. One of the most notable sites is Los Millares in Almería, southern Spain, characterized by its impressive fortifications, multiple concentric walls, and complex, densely packed houses. This site, along with others like Vila Nova de São Pedro in Portugal, showcases advanced organizational and construction skills, reflecting emerging social hierarchies.

Social Structure

The Chalcolithic era is marked by increasing social stratification. This is evidenced by the differentiation in grave goods found in burial sites, suggesting a society with distinct social classes and roles. The appearance of megalithic tombs and the prevalence of grave goods indicate the importance of social status, and possibly the emergence of a priestly or ruling class that wielded both religious and secular power.

Economy and Subsistence

Agriculture continued to evolve with a mixed economy of farming and herding. Crops such as barley, wheat, and legumes were commonly cultivated, while the domestication of animals, including cattle, sheep, and goats, remained integral. The Chalcolithic economy also saw an expansion in trade networks, as evidenced by the distribution of exotic materials like amber and ivory, indicating far-reaching contacts across Europe and the Mediterranean.

Cultural and Ritual Practices

Chalcolithic Spain is noted for its rich cultural and ritualistic life. The construction of large megalithic monuments, such as dolmens and menhirs, points to sophisticated ceremonial practices possibly related to ancestor worship or cosmology. Art from this period includes pottery with intricate designs and engravings on rock surfaces, hinting at symbolic or narrative expressions.

Challenges and Declines

The end of the Chalcolithic period saw several challenges that may have precipitated changes leading into the Bronze Age. Environmental changes, resource depletion, and social tensions within increasingly stratified societies could have led to competition and conflict, catalyzing further societal transformations.

Conclusion

The Iberian Chalcolithic era was a vibrant and dynamic period marked by significant advancements that would critically shape the trajectory of prehistoric Iberia. Its legacy is seen in the technological innovations, social complexity, and artistic expressions that laid a foundation for the subsequent cultural blossoming in the Bronze Age. This period remains a fascinating field of study for archaeologists and historians, offering insights into early European societies' adaptability and ingenuity.

Context

Related Samples

This individual exists within a broader network of ancient samples. No ancient genome stands alone.

Sample ID	Culture/Period	Date	Location	Action
I0234	Srubnaya Culture	1850 BCE	Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara Steppes. Rozhdestveno I, Russia	View
I0126	Middle Bronze Poltavka	2867 BCE	Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Kutuluk River. Kutuluk III, Russia	View
I0432	Middle Bronze Poltavka	2925 BCE	Samara Oblast. Sok River. Potapovka I, Russia	View
I0434	Eneolithic Khvalynsk Culture, Russia	5198 BCE	Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Khvalynsk II, Russia	View
I0433	Eneolithic Khvalynsk Culture, Russia	4697 BCE	Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Khvalynsk II, Russia	View
I0122	Eneolithic Khvalynsk Culture, Russia	4936 BCE	Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Khvalynsk II, Russia	View
I0124	Hunter-Gatherer Samara, Russia	5660 BCE	Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Sok River. Lebyazhinka, Russia	View
I0370	Early Bronze Samara Yamnaya	3300 BCE	Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Eastern Orenburg. Pre-Ural steppe. Ishkinovka I, Russia	View
I0441	Early Bronze Samara Yamnaya	3010 BCE	Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Buzuluk. Kurmanaevka III, Russia	View
I0444	Early Bronze Samara Yamnaya	3335 BCE	Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Kutuluk River. Kutuluk, Russia	View
I0439	Early Bronze Samara Yamnaya	3322 BCE	Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Sok River. Lopatino I, Russia	View
I0357	Early Bronze Samara Yamnaya	3093 BCE	Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Sok River. Lopatino I, Russia	View
I0429	Early Bronze Samara Yamnaya	3339 BCE	Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Sok River. Lopatino I, Russia	View
I1282	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE	Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain	View
I1302	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE	Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain	View
I1276	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE	Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain	View
I1284	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE	Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain	View
I1274	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE	Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain	View
I1280	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE	Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain	View
I1314	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE	Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain	View
I1277	Chalcolithic Spain	2570 BCE	Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain	View
I1272	Chalcolithic Spain	2857 BCE	Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain	View
I1281	Chalcolithic Spain	2867 BCE	Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain	View
I1300	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE	Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain	View
I0807	Middle Neolithic Baalberge Culture, Germany	3977 BCE	Esperstedt, Germany	View
I0559	Middle Neolithic Baalberge Culture, Germany	3646 BCE	Quedlinburg Site IX, Germany	View
I0560	Middle Neolithic Baalberge Culture, Germany	3637 BCE	Quedlinburg Site IX, Germany	View
I1546	Bell Beaker Culture, Germany	2500 BCE	Benzingerode-Heimburg, Germany	View
I0806	Bell Beaker Culture, Germany	2433 BCE	Quedlinburg Site VII, Germany	View
I0805	Bell Beaker Culture, Germany	2465 BCE	Quedlinburg Site VII, Germany	View
I0113	Bell Beaker Culture, Germany	2396 BCE	Quedlinburg Site XII, Germany	View
I0112	Bell Beaker Culture, Germany	2455 BCE	Quedlinburg Site XII, Germany	View
I1530	Bell Beaker Culture, Germany	2456 BCE	Rothenschirmbach, Germany	View
I0111	Bell Beaker Culture, Germany	2474 BCE	Rothenschirmbach, Germany	View
I0108	Bell Beaker Culture, Germany	2575 BCE	Rothenschirmbach, Germany	View
I0171	Late Neolithic Benzigerode-Heimburg, Germany	2288 BCE	Benzingerode-Heimburg, Germany	View
I0059	Late Neolithic Benzigerode-Heimburg, Germany	2343 BCE	Benzingerode-Heimburg, Germany	View
I1542	Corded Ware Culture, Germany	2500 BCE	Esperstedt, Germany	View
I1536	Corded Ware Culture, Germany	2500 BCE	Esperstedt, Germany	View
I1544	Corded Ware Culture, Germany	2500 BCE	Esperstedt, Germany	View
I1538	Corded Ware Culture, Germany	2500 BCE	Esperstedt, Germany	View
I1539	Corded Ware Culture, Germany	2630 BCE	Esperstedt, Germany	View
I0106	Corded Ware Culture, Germany	2461 BCE	Esperstedt, Germany	View
I1540	Corded Ware Culture, Germany	2500 BCE	Esperstedt, Germany	View
I1541	Corded Ware Culture, Germany	2500 BCE	Esperstedt, Germany	View
I1532	Corded Ware Culture, Germany	2500 BCE	Esperstedt, Germany	View
I0049	Corded Ware Culture, Germany	2463 BCE	Esperstedt, Germany	View
I0211	Hunter-Gatherer Karelia, Russia	7050 BCE	Karelia. Yuzhnyy Oleni Ostrov, Russia	View
I0061	Hunter-Gatherer Karelia, Russia	7050 BCE	Karelia. Yuzhnyy Oleni Ostrov, Russia	View
I0550	Late Neolithic Karsdorf, Germany	2572 BCE	Karsdorf, Germany	View
I0797	Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany	5500 BCE	Karsdorf, Germany	View
I0795	Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany	5215 BCE	Karsdorf, Germany	View
I0176	Middle Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Hungary	5209 BCE	Szemely-Hegyes, Hungary	View
I0551	Middle Neolithic Salzmuende Culture, Germany	3400 BCE	Salzmünde-Schiepzig, Germany	View
I0409	Early Neolithic Spain	5312 BCE	Els Trocs, Spain	View
I0411	Early Neolithic Spain	5298 BCE	Els Trocs, Spain	View
I0405	Middle to Late Neolithic Spain	3900 BCE	La Mina, Spain	View
I0174	Early Neolithic Starčevo Culture 1, Hungary	5712 BCE	Alsonyek-Bataszek. Mérnöki telep, Hungary	View
I0115	Early Bronze Age Unetice Culture, Germany	1959 BCE	Esperstedt, Germany	View
I0117	Early Bronze Age Unetice Culture, Germany	2276 BCE	Esperstedt, Germany	View
I0804	Early Bronze Age Unetice Culture, Germany	2139 BCE	Eulau, Germany	View
I0803	Early Bronze Age Unetice Culture, Germany	2135 BCE	Eulau, Germany	View
I0164	Early Bronze Age Unetice Culture, Germany	2027 BCE	Quedlinburg Site VIII, Germany	View
I0114	Early Bronze Age Unetice Culture, Germany	2141 BCE	Esperstedt, Germany	View
I0022	Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany	5500 BCE	Baden-Württemberg. Stuttgart-Mühlhausen. Viesenhaeuser Hof, Germany	View
I0026	Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany	5500 BCE	Baden-Württemberg. Stuttgart-Mühlhausen. Viesenhaeuser Hof, Germany	View
I0013	Hunter-Gatherer Motala, Sweden	5966 BCE	Motala. Kanaljorden, Sweden	View
I0011	Hunter-Gatherer Motala, Sweden	5721 BCE	Motala. Kanaljorden, Sweden	View
I0015	Hunter-Gatherer Motala, Sweden	5967 BCE	Motala. Kanaljorden, Sweden	View
I0012	Hunter-Gatherer Motala, Sweden	5715 BCE	Motala. Kanaljorden, Sweden	View
I0014	Hunter-Gatherer Motala, Sweden	5885 BCE	Motala. Kanaljorden, Sweden	View
I0017	Hunter-Gatherer Motala, Sweden	5722 BCE	Motala. Kanaljorden, Sweden	View
I1508	Early Neolithic Körös Culture, Hungary	5716 BCE	Berettyóújfalu-Morotva-Liget, Hungary	View
I1500	Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture, Hungary	5301 BCE	Kompolt-Kigyoser, Hungary	View
I1100	Neolithic Turkey	6500 BCE	Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey	View
I1102	Neolithic Turkey	6500 BCE	Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey	View
I1099	Neolithic Turkey	6500 BCE	Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey	View
I1103	Neolithic Turkey	6500 BCE	Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey	View
I1101	Neolithic Turkey	6500 BCE	Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey	View
I1097	Neolithic Turkey	6420 BCE	Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey	View
I0744	Neolithic Turkey	6400 BCE	Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey	View
I1096	Neolithic Turkey	6500 BCE	Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey	View
I1098	Neolithic Turkey	6419 BCE	Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey	View
I0708	Neolithic Turkey	6224 BCE	Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey	View
I0745	Neolithic Turkey	6387 BCE	Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey	View
I0746	Neolithic Turkey	6070 BCE	Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey	View
I0707	Neolithic Turkey	6225 BCE	Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey	View
I0709	Neolithic Turkey	6223 BCE	Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey	View
I0725	Neolithic Turkey	6400 BCE	Menteşe, Turkey	View
I0736	Neolithic Turkey	6500 BCE	Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey	View
I1499	Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture Bükk Group, Hungary	5286 BCE	Garadna, Hungary	View
I1502	Early Bronze Age Makó Culture, Hungary	2195 BCE	Kompolt-Kigyoser, Hungary	View
I1497	Late Chalcolithic Baden Culture, Hungary	3320 BCE	Apc-Berekalya I, Hungary	View
I1495	Late Neolithic Lengyel Culture, Hungary	4496 BCE	Apc-Berekalya I, Hungary	View
I1498	Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture, Hungary	5297 BCE	Debrecen Tocopart Erdoalja, Hungary	View
I1507	Early Neolithic Hunter-Gatherer Körös Culture, Hungary	5788 BCE	Tiszaszolos-Domaháza, Hungary	View
I1496	Middle Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Hungary	5211 BCE	Apc-Berekalya I, Hungary	View
I1505	Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture, Hungary	5210 BCE	Polgár-Ferenci hát. M3-31, Hungary	View
I1271	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE	Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain	View
I1303	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE	Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain	View
I1549	Bell Beaker Culture, Germany	2500 BCE	Benzingerode-Heimburg, Germany	View
I0407	Middle to Late Neolithic Spain	3900 BCE	La Mina, Spain	View
I0025	Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany	5500 BCE	Baden-Württemberg. Stuttgart-Mühlhausen. Viesenhaeuser Hof, Germany	View
I0247	Questionable Iron Age Scythian, Russia	385 BCE	Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Volga Steppes. Nadezhdinka, Russia	View
I0423	Srubnaya Culture	1850 BCE	Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara River. Barinovka I, Russia	View
I0443	Early Bronze Samara Yamnaya	3300 BCE	Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Sok River. Lopatino II, Russia	View
I0726	Neolithic Turkey	6400 BCE	Menteşe, Turkey	View
I0103	Corded Ware Culture, Germany	2617 BCE	Esperstedt, Germany	View
I0172	Middle Neolithic Esperstedt, Germany	3363 BCE	Esperstedt, Germany	View
I0408	Middle to Late Neolithic Spain	3895 BCE	La Mina, Spain	View
I0412	Early Neolithic Spain	5309 BCE	Els Trocs, Spain	View
I0054	Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany	5216 BCE	Unterwiederstedt, Germany	View
I0104	Corded Ware Culture, Germany	2563 BCE	Esperstedt, Germany	View
I0116	Early Bronze Age Unetice Culture, Germany	2137 BCE	Esperstedt, Germany	View
I0118	Late Neolithic Alberstedt, Germany	2469 BCE	Alberstedt, Germany	View
I0406	Middle to Late Neolithic Spain	3900 BCE	La Mina, Spain	View
I0410	Early Neolithic Spain	5298 BCE	Els Trocs, Spain	View
I0413	Early Neolithic Spain	5304 BCE	Els Trocs, Spain	View
I0235	Srubnaya Culture	1850 BCE	Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara Steppes. Rozhdestveno I, Russia	View
I0374	Middle Bronze Poltavka	2800 BCE	Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara River. Nikolaevka III, Russia	View
I1583	Neolithic Turkey	6424 BCE	Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey	View
I0581	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE	Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain	View
I0440	Middle Bronze Poltavka	2887 BCE	Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Sok River. Lopatino II, Russia	View
I0371	Middle Bronze Poltavka	2871 BCE	Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Sok River. Grachevka, Russia	View
I0438	Early Bronze Samara Yamnaya	3020 BCE	Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara River. Luzkhi I, Russia	View
I0418	Middle Bronze Poltavka	2131 BCE	Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara River. Utyevka VI, Russia	View
I0099	Late Bronze Age Halberstadt, Germany	1202 BCE	Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany	View
I0047	Early Bronze Age Unetice Culture, Germany	2116 BCE	Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany	View
I1534	Corded Ware Culture, Germany	2500 BCE	Esperstedt, Germany	View
I0060	Bell Beaker Culture, Germany	2404 BCE	Rothenschirmbach, Germany	View
I0723	Neolithic Turkey	6008 BCE	Menteşe, Turkey	View
I0724	Neolithic Turkey	6400 BCE	Menteşe, Turkey	View
I0727	Neolithic Turkey	6400 BCE	Menteşe, Turkey	View
I1580	Neolithic Turkey	6381 BCE	Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey	View
I1581	Neolithic Turkey	6386 BCE	Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey	View
I1585	Neolithic Turkey	6217 BCE	Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey	View
I1579	Neolithic Turkey	6221 BCE	Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey	View
I0854	Neolithic Turkey	6228 BCE	Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey	View
I0581		2900 BCE	Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain	View
I0440		2887 BCE	Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Sok River. Lopatino II, Russia	View
I0418		2131 BCE	Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara River. Utyevka VI, Russia	View
I0438		3020 BCE	Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara River. Luzkhi I, Russia	View
I0585		5982 BCE	Leon. La Brana-Arintero, Spain	View
I1534		2500 BCE	Esperstedt, Germany	View
I1504		987 BCE	Ludas-Varjú dűlő, Hungary	View
I0099		1202 BCE	Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany	View
I0047		2116 BCE	Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany	View
I1579		6221 BCE	Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey	View
I1581		6386 BCE	Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey	View
I1580		6381 BCE	Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey	View
I1585		6217 BCE	Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey	View
I1583		6424 BCE	Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey	View
I0727		6400 BCE	Menteşe, Turkey	View
I0724		6400 BCE	Menteşe, Turkey	View
I0854		6228 BCE	Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey	View
I0723		6008 BCE	Menteşe, Turkey	View
I0371		2871 BCE	Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Sok River. Grachevka, Russia	View
I0060		2404 BCE	Rothenschirmbach, Germany	View

Sample ID	Culture/Period	Date	Location	Action
I2467	Chalcolithic Spain	2474 BCE	Basque Country. Alava. El Sotillo, Spain	View
I1282	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE	Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain	View
I1302	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE	Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain	View
I1276	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE	Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain	View
I1284	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE	Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain	View
I1274	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE	Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain	View
I1280	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE	Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain	View
I1314	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE	Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain	View
I1277	Chalcolithic Spain	2570 BCE	Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain	View
I1272	Chalcolithic Spain	2857 BCE	Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain	View
I1281	Chalcolithic Spain	2867 BCE	Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain	View
I1300	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE	Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain	View
I0462	Chalcolithic Spain	2569 BCE	Burgos. Arroyal I, Spain	View
I0460	Chalcolithic Spain	2460 BCE	Burgos. Arroyal I, Spain	View
I0459	Chalcolithic Spain	2600 BCE	Burgos. Arroyal I, Spain	View
I0457	Chalcolithic Spain	3000 BCE	Murcia. Caravaca. Camino del Molino, Spain	View
I0456	Chalcolithic Spain	3000 BCE	Murcia. Caravaca. Camino del Molino, Spain	View
I0455	Chalcolithic Spain	2905 BCE	Murcia. Caravaca. Camino del Molino, Spain	View
I0263	Chalcolithic Spain	2850 BCE	Barcelona. Cerdanyola. Paris Street, Spain	View
I1553	Chalcolithic Spain	2850 BCE	Barcelona. Cerdanyola. Paris Street, Spain	View
I0825	Chalcolithic Spain	2471 BCE	Barcelona. Cerdanyola. Paris Street, Spain	View
I0260	Chalcolithic Spain	2850 BCE	Barcelona. Cerdanyola. Paris Street, Spain	View
I0261	Chalcolithic Spain	2850 BCE	Barcelona. Cerdanyola. Paris Street, Spain	View
I0823	Chalcolithic Spain	2850 BCE	Barcelona. Cerdanyola. Paris Street, Spain	View
I0258	Chalcolithic Spain	2850 BCE	Barcelona. Cerdanyola. Paris Street, Spain	View
I0262	Chalcolithic Spain	2850 BCE	Barcelona. Cerdanyola. Paris Street, Spain	View
I0257	Chalcolithic Spain	2573 BCE	Barcelona. Cerdanyola. Paris Street, Spain	View
I0826	Chalcolithic Spain	2835 BCE	Barcelona. Cerdanyola. Paris Street, Spain	View
I0458	Chalcolithic Spain	2456 BCE	Burgos. Arroyal I, Spain	View
I1271	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE	Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain	View
I1303	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE	Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain	View
I1981	Chalcolithic Spain	3013 BCE	Basque Country. Alava. Alto de la Huesera, Spain	View
I0461	Chalcolithic Spain	2453 BCE	Burgos. Arroyal I, Spain	View
I3270	Chalcolithic Spain	3000 BCE	Basque Country. Alava. Las Yurdinas II, Spain	View
I3271	Chalcolithic Spain	3000 BCE	Basque Country. Alava. Las Yurdinas II, Spain	View
I3272	Chalcolithic Spain	3307 BCE	Basque Country. Alava. La Chabola de la Hechicera, Spain	View
I3269	Chalcolithic Spain	3000 BCE	Basque Country. Alava. Las Yurdinas II, Spain	View
I4247	Chalcolithic Spain	2462 BCE	Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras, Spain	View
I1838	Chalcolithic Spain	3356 BCE	Basque Country. Alava. Las Yurdinas II, Spain	View
I1843	Chalcolithic Spain	3015 BCE	Basque Country. Alava. Alto de la Huesera, Spain	View
I1975	Chalcolithic Spain	3092 BCE	Basque Country. Alava. La Chabola de la Hechicera, Spain	View
I4565	Chalcolithic Spain	3022 BCE	Tarragona. Galls Carboners, Spain	View
I5838	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE	Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain	View
I3238	Chalcolithic Spain	2500 BCE	Asturias. Soto de las Regueras. Cueva de la Paloma, Spain	View
I5665	Chalcolithic Spain	2283 BCE	Ciempozuelos. Burgos. Virgazal, Spain	View
I6475	Chalcolithic Spain	2500 BCE	La Magdalena, Spain	View
I6539	Chalcolithic Spain	2500 BCE	Madrid. Humanejos, Spain	View
I6543	Chalcolithic Spain	2600 BCE	Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras, Spain	View
I6584	Chalcolithic Spain	2500 BCE	Madrid. Humanejos, Spain	View
I6585	Chalcolithic Spain	2397 BCE	Madrid. Humanejos, Spain	View
I6587	Chalcolithic Spain	2500 BCE	Madrid. Humanejos, Spain	View
I6588	Chalcolithic Spain	2500 BCE	Madrid. Humanejos, Spain	View
I6604	Chalcolithic Spain	2130 BCE	Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras, Spain	View
I6605	Chalcolithic Spain	2474 BCE	Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras, Spain	View
I6610	Chalcolithic Spain	2008 BCE	Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras, Spain	View
I6612	Chalcolithic Spain	2600 BCE	Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras, Spain	View
I6613	Chalcolithic Spain	2600 BCE	Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras, Spain	View
I6617	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE	Madrid. Humanejos, Spain	View
I6623	Chalcolithic Spain	2600 BCE	Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras, Spain	View
I6628	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE	Madrid. Humanejos, Spain	View
I6629	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE	Madrid. Humanejos, Spain	View
I6630	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE	Madrid. Humanejos, Spain	View
I4245	Chalcolithic Spain	2461 BCE	Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras, Spain	View
I6472	Chalcolithic Spain	2500 BCE	La Magdalena, Spain	View
I6609	Chalcolithic Spain	2600 BCE	Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras, Spain	View
I3243	Chalcolithic Spain	2500 BCE	Asturias. Soto de las Regueras. Cueva de la Paloma, Spain	View
I1842	Chalcolithic Spain	3000 BCE	Basque Country. Araba/Álava. Peñacerrada-Urizaharra. Las Yurdinas II, Spain	View
I1845	Chalcolithic Spain	3100 BCE	Basque Country. Araba/Álava. Laguardia. Alto de la Huesera, Spain	View
I1846	Chalcolithic Spain	3100 BCE	Basque Country. Araba/Álava. Laguardia. Alto de la Huesera, Spain	View
I1978	Chalcolithic Spain	3100 BCE	Basque Country. Araba/Álava. Laguardia. Alto de la Huesera, Spain	View
I7588	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE	Andalusia. Córdoba. Lucena. Sima del Ángel, Spain	View
I7587	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE	Andalusia. Córdoba. Lucena. Sima del Ángel, Spain	View
I8048	Chalcolithic Spain	2200 BCE	Granada. Arenas del Rey, Spain	View
I8132	Chalcolithic Spain	2600 BCE	Valencian Community. València/Valencia. La Vital. Gandia, Spain	View
I8141	Chalcolithic Spain	2200 BCE	Granada. Arenas del Rey, Spain	View
I8148	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE	Andalusia. Córdoba. Lucena. Sima del Ángel, Spain	View
I8149	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE	Andalusia. Córdoba. Lucena. Sima del Ángel, Spain	View
I8150	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE	Andalusia. Córdoba. Lucena. Sima del Ángel, Spain	View
I8153	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE	Andalusia. Córdoba. Lucena. Sima del Ángel, Spain	View
I8154	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE	Andalusia. Córdoba. Lucena. Sima del Ángel, Spain	View
I8156	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE	Andalusia. Córdoba. Lucena. Sima del Ángel, Spain	View
I8158	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE	Andalusia. Córdoba. Lucena. Sima del Ángel, Spain	View
I8197	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE	Andalusia. Córdoba. Lucena. Sima del Ángel, Spain	View
I8198	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE	Andalusia. Córdoba. Lucena. Sima del Ángel, Spain	View
I8199	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE	Andalusia. Córdoba. Lucena. Sima del Ángel, Spain	View
I8364	Chalcolithic Spain	2706 BCE	Andalusia. Córdoba. Lucena. Sima del Ángel, Spain	View
I8365	Chalcolithic Spain	2706 BCE	Andalusia. Córdoba. Lucena. Sima del Ángel, Spain	View
I8566	Chalcolithic Spain	3800 BCE	Valencian Community. València/Valencia. La Font de la Figuera. Cova de Sant Gomengo, Spain	View
I8569	Chalcolithic Spain	2872 BCE	Valencian Community. Castelló/Castellón. Alcalá de Xivert. Cova dels Diablets, Spain	View
I1976	Chalcolithic Spain	2571 BCE	Basque Country. Araba/Álava. Laguardia. El Sotillo, Spain	View
I2473	Chalcolithic Spain	2916 BCE	Basque Country. Araba/Álava. Laguardia. El Sotillo, Spain	View
I3239	Chalcolithic Spain	2500 BCE	Asturias. Soto de las Regueras. Cueva de la Paloma, Spain	View
I3277	Chalcolithic Spain	3150 BCE	Basque Country. Alava. Alto de la Huesera, Spain	View
I6622	Chalcolithic Spain	2600 BCE	Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras, Spain	View
I8131	Chalcolithic Spain	2576 BCE	Valencian Community. València/Valencia. La Vital. Gandia, Spain	View
EHU001	Chalcolithic Spain	2287 BCE	Castilla y León. Burgos. Monasterio de Rodilla. El Hundido, Spain	View
EHU002	Chalcolithic Spain	2564 BCE	Castilla y León. Burgos. Monasterio de Rodilla. El Hundido, Spain	View
atp016	Chalcolithic Spain	3265 BCE	Atapuerca. El Portalón, Spain	View
atp002	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE	Atapuerca. El Portalón, Spain	View
atp12-1420	Chalcolithic Spain	3011 BCE	Atapuerca. El Portalón, Spain	View
I3276	Chalcolithic Spain	3096 BCE	Basque Country. Alava. Alto de la Huesera, Spain	View
por002	Chalcolithic Spain	3336 BCE	Atapuerca. El Portalón, Spain	View
I6542	Chalcolithic Spain	2600 BCE	Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras, Spain	View
I0581	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE	Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain	View
por004	Chalcolithic Spain	3096 BCE	Atapuerca. El Portalón, Spain	View
I6608	Chalcolithic Spain	2025 BCE	Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras, Spain	View
ATP7	Chalcolithic Spain	3345 BCE	El Portalon Cave. Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain	View
ATP17	Chalcolithic Spain	3008 BCE	El Portalon Cave. Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain	View
I6596	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE	Madrid. Humanejos, Spain	View
ATP3	Chalcolithic Spain	3516 BCE	El Portalon Cave. Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain	View
I6471	Chalcolithic Spain	2500 BCE	La Magdalena, Spain	View
I8140	Chalcolithic Spain	2121 BCE	Granada. Monachil, Spain	View
ATP20	Chalcolithic Spain	2291 BCE	El Portalon Cave. Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain	View
I8155	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE	Andalusia. Córdoba. Lucena. Sima del Ángel, Spain	View
I6626	Chalcolithic Spain	2600 BCE	Madrid. San Fernando de Henares. Camino de las Yeseras, Spain	View
I6589	Chalcolithic Spain	2500 BCE	Madrid. Humanejos, Spain	View
I8157	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE	Andalusia. Córdoba. Lucena. Sima del Ángel, Spain	View

Sources

References

Scientific publications and genetic data that inform this profile.

Scientific Publication

Genome-wide patterns of selection in 230 ancient Eurasians

Authors Mathieson I, Lazaridis I, Rohland N, Mallick S, Patterson N et al.

Abstract

Ancient DNA makes it possible to observe natural selection directly by analysing samples from populations before, during and after adaptation events. Here we report a genome-wide scan for selection using ancient DNA, capitalizing on the largest ancient DNA data set yet assembled: 230 West Eurasians who lived between 6500 and 300 bc, including 163 with newly reported data. The new samples include, to our knowledge, the first genome-wide ancient DNA from Anatolian Neolithic farmers, whose genetic material we obtained by extracting from petrous bones, and who we show were members of the population that was the source of Europe's first farmers. We also report a transect of the steppe region in Samara between 5600 and 300 bc, which allows us to identify admixture into the steppe from at least two external sources. We detect selection at loci associated with diet, pigmentation and immunity, and two independent episodes of selection on height.

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