Research Publication
Genome-wide patterns of selection in 230 ancient Eurasians
Mathieson I, Lazaridis I, Rohland N et al.
26595274
PubMed ID
38
Authors
12/24/2015
Published
158
Samples
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Chapter I
Publication Details
Comprehensive information about this research publication
Chapter II
Abstract
Summary of the research findings
Ancient DNA makes it possible to observe natural selection directly by analysing samples from populations before, during and after adaptation events. Here we report a genome-wide scan for selection using ancient DNA, capitalizing on the largest ancient DNA data set yet assembled: 230 West Eurasians who lived between 6500 and 300 bc, including 163 with newly reported data. The new samples include, to our knowledge, the first genome-wide ancient DNA from Anatolian Neolithic farmers, whose genetic material we obtained by extracting from petrous bones, and who we show were members of the population that was the source of Europe's first farmers. We also report a transect of the steppe region in Samara between 5600 and 300 bc, which allows us to identify admixture into the steppe from at least two external sources. We detect selection at loci associated with diet, pigmentation and immunity, and two independent episodes of selection on height.
Chapter III
Ancient DNA Samples
158 ancient DNA samples referenced in this publication
158 Samples
| Sample ID | Date/Era | Country | Locality | Sex | mtDNA | Y-DNA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I0099 | 1202 BCE | Germany | Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld | M | H23* |
R-FT6375 |
| I0047 | 2116 BCE | Germany | Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld | F | V9 |
|
| I1534 | 2500 BCE | Germany | Esperstedt | F | K1a1b2a |
R-M198 |
| I0060 | 2404 BCE | Germany | Rothenschirmbach | F | K1a2c |
|
| I1546 | 2500 BCE | Germany | Benzingerode-Heimburg | F | U5a1b1 |
|
| I1549 | 2500 BCE | Germany | Benzingerode-Heimburg | F | W1c1 |
|
| I0806 | 2433 BCE | Germany | Quedlinburg Site VII | M | H1* |
R1b1a2a1a2 |
| I0805 | 2465 BCE | Germany | Quedlinburg Site VII | M | H1* |
R1b1a2 |
| I0113 | 2396 BCE | Germany | Quedlinburg Site XII | F | J1c5-a* |
|
| I0112 | 2455 BCE | Germany | Quedlinburg Site XII | F | H13a1a2 |
|
| I1530 | 2456 BCE | Germany | Rothenschirmbach | M | H3ao* |
R1 |
| I0111 | 2474 BCE | Germany | Rothenschirmbach | F | H3ao |
|
| I0108 | 2575 BCE | Germany | Rothenschirmbach | F | H5a3* |
|
| I0060 | 2404 BCE | Germany | Rothenschirmbach | F | K1a2c |
|
| I1534 | 2500 BCE | Germany | Esperstedt | F | K1a1b2a |
|
| I0104 | 2563 BCE | Germany | Esperstedt | M | U4b1a1a1 |
R-M417 |
| I0103 | 2617 BCE | Germany | Esperstedt | F | W6a |
|
| I1542 | 2500 BCE | Germany | Esperstedt | M | J2a2a |
R-M417 |
| I1536 | 2500 BCE | Germany | Esperstedt | M | U5a1g |
R-M417 |
| I1544 | 2500 BCE | Germany | Esperstedt | M | K2b2 |
R-M417 |
| I1538 | 2500 BCE | Germany | Esperstedt | M | J1c5* |
R-M417 |
| I1539 | 2630 BCE | Germany | Esperstedt | F | J1c1b1a |
|
| I0106 | 2461 BCE | Germany | Esperstedt | F | T2a1b1 |
|
| I1540 | 2500 BCE | Germany | Esperstedt | M | J1c5f1* |
R-M417 |
| I1541 | 2500 BCE | Germany | Esperstedt | M | U2e1a1 |
R-M417 |
| I1532 | 2500 BCE | Germany | Esperstedt | M | J1c2e |
R-M417 |
| I0049 | 2463 BCE | Germany | Esperstedt | F | X2b4 |
|
| I0114 | 2141 BCE | Germany | Esperstedt | M | I3a |
I-L38 |
| I0115 | 1959 BCE | Germany | Esperstedt | F | U5a1i |
|
| I0117 | 2276 BCE | Germany | Esperstedt | F | I3a |
|
| I0116 | 2137 BCE | Germany | Esperstedt | M | W3a1 |
I-BY431 |
| I0804 | 2139 BCE | Germany | Eulau | M | H3-b* |
I2 |
| I0803 | 2135 BCE | Germany | Eulau | F | H4a1a1a6 |
|
| I0047 | 2116 BCE | Germany | Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld | F | V9 |
|
| I0164 | 2027 BCE | Germany | Quedlinburg Site VIII | F | U5b2a1b |
|
| I0022 | 5500 BCE | Germany | Baden-Württemberg. Stuttgart-Mühlhausen. Viesenhaeuser Hof | F | T2e |
|
| I0026 | 5500 BCE | Germany | Baden-Württemberg. Stuttgart-Mühlhausen. Viesenhaeuser Hof | F | T2b |
|
| I0025 | 5500 BCE | Germany | Baden-Württemberg. Stuttgart-Mühlhausen. Viesenhaeuser Hof | F | T2b |
|
| I0797 | 5500 BCE | Germany | Karsdorf | M | H46b |
T-M70 |
| I0795 | 5215 BCE | Germany | Karsdorf | M | H1 or H1au1b |
T-M70 |
| I0054 | 5216 BCE | Germany | Unterwiederstedt | F | J1c17 |
|
| I0099 | 1202 BCE | Germany | Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld | M | H23* |
R-FT6375 |
| I0118 | 2469 BCE | Germany | Alberstedt | F | HV |
|
| I0171 | 2288 BCE | Germany | Benzingerode-Heimburg | F | U5a1a2a |
|
| I0059 | 2343 BCE | Germany | Benzingerode-Heimburg | F | H1-e* |
|
| I0550 | 2572 BCE | Germany | Karsdorf | F | T1a1 |
|
| I0807 | 3977 BCE | Germany | Esperstedt | M | H1e1a* |
I-P215 |
| I0559 | 3646 BCE | Germany | Quedlinburg Site IX | M | HV |
R |
| I0560 | 3637 BCE | Germany | Quedlinburg Site IX | F | T2e1 |
|
| I0172 | 3363 BCE | Germany | Esperstedt | M | T2b |
I-S2703 |
| I0551 | 3400 BCE | Germany | Salzmünde-Schiepzig | M | U3a1 |
G-PF3146 |
| I1502 | 2195 BCE | Hungary | Kompolt-Kigyoser | F | K1c1* |
|
| I1507 | 5788 BCE | Hungary | Tiszaszolos-Domaháza | M | R1b1* |
I-FTA37506 |
| I1508 | 5716 BCE | Hungary | Berettyóújfalu-Morotva-Liget | F | K1-a |
|
| I0174 | 5712 BCE | Hungary | Alsonyek-Bataszek. Mérnöki telep | M | N1a1a1 |
H-FT69183 |
| I1504 | 987 BCE | Hungary | Ludas-Varjú dűlő | M | K1a1a |
J-Z30682 |
| I1497 | 3320 BCE | Hungary | Apc-Berekalya I | F | H |
|
| I1495 | 4496 BCE | Hungary | Apc-Berekalya I | M | N1a1a1a* |
I-FTA37509 |
| I1499 | 5286 BCE | Hungary | Garadna | F | X2b-a |
|
| I1498 | 5297 BCE | Hungary | Debrecen Tocopart Erdoalja | F | H* |
|
| I1500 | 5301 BCE | Hungary | Kompolt-Kigyoser | M | J1c1 |
C-FT251391 |
| I1505 | 5210 BCE | Hungary | Polgár-Ferenci hát. M3-31 | F | J1c5* |
|
| I1496 | 5211 BCE | Hungary | Apc-Berekalya I | M | K1a3a3* |
C-FT251391 |
| I0176 | 5209 BCE | Hungary | Szemely-Hegyes | F | N1a1a1a3 |
|
| I0440 | 2887 BCE | Russia | Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Sok River. Lopatino II | M | I3a |
R-Z2109 |
| I0418 | 2131 BCE | Russia | Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara River. Utyevka VI | F | T1a1 |
|
| I0438 | 3020 BCE | Russia | Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara River. Luzkhi I | M | U5a1a1 |
R-KMS67 |
| I0371 | 2871 BCE | Russia | Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Sok River. Grachevka | M | U2d2 |
R-M12149 |
| I0441 | 3010 BCE | Russia | Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Buzuluk. Kurmanaevka III | F | H2b |
|
| I0370 | 3300 BCE | Russia | Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Eastern Orenburg. Pre-Ural steppe. Ishkinovka I | M | H13a1a1 |
R-KMS67 |
| I0444 | 3335 BCE | Russia | Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Kutuluk River. Kutuluk | M | H6a1b |
R-KMS75 |
| I0438 | 3020 BCE | Russia | Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara River. Luzkhi I | M | U5a1a1 |
R-KMS67 |
| I0439 | 3322 BCE | Russia | Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Sok River. Lopatino I | M | U5a1a1 |
R-M269 |
| I0357 | 3093 BCE | Russia | Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Sok River. Lopatino I | F | W6c |
|
| I0429 | 3339 BCE | Russia | Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Sok River. Lopatino I | M | T2c1a2 |
R-KMS75 |
| I0443 | 3300 BCE | Russia | Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Sok River. Lopatino II | M | W3a1a |
R-Z2103 |
| I0434 | 5198 BCE | Russia | Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Khvalynsk II | M | U4d |
Q-MEH2 |
| I0433 | 4697 BCE | Russia | Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Khvalynsk II | M | U5a1i |
R-M459 |
| I0122 | 4936 BCE | Russia | Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Khvalynsk II | M | H2a1 |
R-V1636 |
| I0211 | 7050 BCE | Russia | Karelia. Yuzhnyy Oleni Ostrov | M | U4a |
J-M267 |
| I0061 | 7050 BCE | Russia | Karelia. Yuzhnyy Oleni Ostrov | M | C1* |
R-FT386000 |
| I0124 | 5660 BCE | Russia | Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Sok River. Lebyazhinka | M | U5a1d |
R-Y13202 |
| I0432 | 2925 BCE | Russia | Samara Oblast. Sok River. Potapovka I | M | U5a1c |
R-Z2124 |
| I0126 | 2867 BCE | Russia | Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Kutuluk River. Kutuluk III | M | H6a2 |
R-M12149 |
| I0374 | 2800 BCE | Russia | Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara River. Nikolaevka III | M | H13a1a |
|
| I0418 | 2131 BCE | Russia | Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara River. Utyevka VI | F | T1a1 |
|
| I0371 | 2871 BCE | Russia | Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Sok River. Grachevka | M | U2d2 |
R-M12149 |
| I0440 | 2887 BCE | Russia | Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Sok River. Lopatino II | M | I3a |
R-Z2109 |
| I0247 | 385 BCE | Russia | Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Volga Steppes. Nadezhdinka | M | G2a4 |
R-Z94 |
| I0423 | 1850 BCE | Russia | Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara River. Barinovka I | M | J2b1a2a |
R-Z94 |
| I0235 | 1850 BCE | Russia | Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara Steppes. Rozhdestveno I | F | K1b2a |
|
| I0234 | 1850 BCE | Russia | Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara Steppes. Rozhdestveno I | F | I1a1 |
|
| I0581 | 2900 BCE | Spain | Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave | M | X2b |
I-S9403 |
| I1282 | 2900 BCE | Spain | Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave | M | H3 |
I-M170 |
| I1302 | 2900 BCE | Spain | Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave | M | J2b1a3 |
G-PF3359 |
| I1276 | 2900 BCE | Spain | Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave | F | H3c3 |
|
| I1284 | 2900 BCE | Spain | Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave | M | H3 |
I-CTS2257 |
| I1274 | 2900 BCE | Spain | Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave | M | H3 |
I-M223 |
| I1280 | 2900 BCE | Spain | Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave | F | J1c1 |
|
| I1314 | 2900 BCE | Spain | Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave | M | J2a1a1 |
G2a |
| I1277 | 2570 BCE | Spain | Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave | M | H3 |
I2a2a |
| I1272 | 2857 BCE | Spain | Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave | F | K1b1a1 |
|
| I1281 | 2867 BCE | Spain | Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave | F | H1t |
|
| I1300 | 2900 BCE | Spain | Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave | F | K1a2a |
|
| I0581 | 2900 BCE | Spain | Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave | M | X2b |
I-S9403 |
| I1271 | 2900 BCE | Spain | Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave | F | K1-a |
|
| I1303 | 2900 BCE | Spain | Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave | M | U3a1 |
I2a1a1 |
| I0412 | 5309 BCE | Spain | Els Trocs | M | N1a1a1* |
I-A812 |
| I0410 | 5298 BCE | Spain | Els Trocs | M | T2c1d or T2c1d2 |
R1b1a |
| I0413 | 5304 BCE | Spain | Els Trocs | F | V |
|
| I0409 | 5312 BCE | Spain | Els Trocs | F | J1c3 |
|
| I0411 | 5298 BCE | Spain | Els Trocs | M | K1a2a |
F |
| I0405 | 3900 BCE | Spain | La Mina | M | K1a1b1 |
H-BY84221 |
| I0406 | 3900 BCE | Spain | La Mina | M | H1 |
I-Z161 |
| I0407 | 3900 BCE | Spain | La Mina | F | K1b1a1 |
|
| I0408 | 3895 BCE | Spain | La Mina | F | U5b1 |
|
| I0585 | 5982 BCE | Spain | Leon. La Brana-Arintero | M | U5b2c1* |
C-FT368070 |
| I0013 | 5966 BCE | Sweden | Motala. Kanaljorden | M | U5a1 |
I-V4921 |
| I0011 | 5721 BCE | Sweden | Motala. Kanaljorden | F | U5a1 |
|
| I0015 | 5967 BCE | Sweden | Motala. Kanaljorden | M | U5a2d |
I-S21204 |
| I0012 | 5715 BCE | Sweden | Motala. Kanaljorden | M | U2e1 |
I-L596 |
| I0014 | 5885 BCE | Sweden | Motala. Kanaljorden | F | U5a2d |
|
| I0017 | 5722 BCE | Sweden | Motala. Kanaljorden | M | U2e1 |
I2a1b |
| I1579 | 6221 BCE | Turkey | Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın | F | K1a-a |
|
| I1581 | 6386 BCE | Turkey | Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın | F | U3b7 |
|
| I1580 | 6381 BCE | Turkey | Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın | F | H5* |
|
| I1585 | 6217 BCE | Turkey | Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın | F | J/J1c |
|
| I1583 | 6424 BCE | Turkey | Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın | M | K1a2e |
G-FGC2315 |
| I0727 | 6400 BCE | Turkey | Menteşe | M | K1a2 |
G-L140 |
| I0724 | 6400 BCE | Turkey | Menteşe | M | K1a4 |
I-L596 |
| I0854 | 6228 BCE | Turkey | Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın | F | N1a1a1a |
|
| I0723 | 6008 BCE | Turkey | Menteşe | M | X2m2 |
G-PF3148 |
| I0725 | 6400 BCE | Turkey | Menteşe | F | N1a1a1 |
|
| I0726 | 6400 BCE | Turkey | Menteşe | F | H or H5-a |
|
| I0723 | 6008 BCE | Turkey | Menteşe | M | X2m2 |
G-PF3148 |
| I0724 | 6400 BCE | Turkey | Menteşe | M | K1a4 |
I-L596 |
| I0727 | 6400 BCE | Turkey | Menteşe | M | K1a2 |
G-L140 |
| I1580 | 6381 BCE | Turkey | Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın | F | H5* |
|
| I1581 | 6386 BCE | Turkey | Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın | F | U3b7 |
|
| I1585 | 6217 BCE | Turkey | Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın | F | J/J1c |
|
| I1579 | 6221 BCE | Turkey | Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın | F | K1a-a |
|
| I0854 | 6228 BCE | Turkey | Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın | F | N1a1a1a |
|
| I1583 | 6424 BCE | Turkey | Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın | M | K1a2e |
G-FGC2315 |
| I0736 | 6500 BCE | Turkey | Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın | F | N1a1a1a |
|
| I1100 | 6500 BCE | Turkey | Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın | F | K1a or K1a6 |
|
| I1102 | 6500 BCE | Turkey | Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın | M | K1a3a |
C-PH428 |
| I1099 | 6500 BCE | Turkey | Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın | M | T2b |
G-FGC2315 |
| I1103 | 6500 BCE | Turkey | Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın | M | K1b1b1 |
G-Z6128 |
| I1101 | 6500 BCE | Turkey | Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın | M | T2b |
H-P96 |
| I1097 | 6420 BCE | Turkey | Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın | M | W1 |
G-Z6885 |
| I0744 | 6400 BCE | Turkey | Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın | M | J1c* |
G-Z6885 |
| I1096 | 6500 BCE | Turkey | Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın | M | N1a1a1 |
I-L596 |
| I1098 | 6419 BCE | Turkey | Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın | F | X2d* |
|
| I0708 | 6224 BCE | Turkey | Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın | M | N1b1a* |
J-Z43590 |
| I0745 | 6387 BCE | Turkey | Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın | M | U8b1b1* |
H-SK1180 |
| I0746 | 6070 BCE | Turkey | Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın | M | K1a1* |
G-CTS5990 |
| I0707 | 6225 BCE | Turkey | Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın | F | K1a4* |
|
| I0709 | 6223 BCE | Turkey | Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın | M | U3 |
H-BY102409 |
Chapter IV
Analysis
Comprehensive review of ancestry and genetic findings
Important Disclaimer: This review has been performed semi-automatically and is provided for informational purposes only. While we strive for accuracy, this analysis may contain errors, omissions, or misinterpretations of the original research. DNA Genics disclaims all liability for any inaccuracies, errors, or consequences arising from the use of this information. Users should independently verify all information and consult original research publications before making any decisions based on this content. This analysis is not intended as a substitute for professional scientific review or medical advice.