A man buried in Russia in the Copper Age era

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Reference library / Sample profile

A man buried in Russia in the Copper Age era

Explore the recorded context, genetic comparisons and research behind this reference sample.

RussiaLate Maikop Culture, Caucasus, Russia

A reference profile describes this sample. It does not establish a personal or family relationship.

View sample details Explore Shared Roots
AI portrait reconstruction for A man buried in Russia in the Copper Age era
AI-generated artistic reconstruction, not a photograph of the individual.
Record

Sample details

Recorded details and available lineage markers.

Individual

Late Maikop Caucasus individual, Russia

Sample ID: MK5001

Date Range

3400 BCE - 3000 BCE

Cultural Period

Late Maikop Culture, Caucasus, Russia

Biological Sex

Male

mtDNA Haplogroup

K1a4

Y-DNA Haplogroup

L-L595

Social Role

Pastoralist (AI estimate, era-typical)

Geography

Location

Where this individual was discovered

Country Russia
Locality Piedmont. Mar'inskaja 5
Coordinates 43.9054, 43.5219
Chronology

Date range

When this individual lived in the broader context of human history

Late Maikop Caucasus individual, Russia 3400 BCE - 3000 BCE
Context

Historical context

Background information associated with the reference record.

The Late Maikop Culture (c. 3000–2500 BCE) in the North Caucasus reflects a mature phase within the Maikop-related horizon, when copper and early metallurgy were increasingly integrated into daily life and craft systems. Regional differences across valleys and uplands shape how these communities lived and how their material culture appears in the archaeological record.

Region & Environment

North Caucasia combines uplands, foothills, and valley systems that offered seasonal routes and diverse ecological zones. Access to river corridors and grazing areas would have been critical for pastoral and hunting strategies.

Historical Context

This period sits within the transition from chalcolithic developments into broader Bronze Age patterns. Late Maikop horizons are typically understood through continuities and changes in pottery, burial practices, and craft traditions characteristic of the Maikop sphere.

Populations & Lifeways

Communities likely practiced mixed subsistence: herding and hunting supported by plant-related activities where local conditions permitted. Settlement may have ranged from more durable sites to locations used seasonally for resource access.

Archaeology & Material Culture

Archaeological visibility comes from ceramics, stone tools, and copper/bronze-related artifacts where preservation allows. Pottery typologies and burial-related evidence help distinguish Late Maikop phases from earlier Maikop intervals.

Culture & Society

Material patterns suggest networks of shared practice and exchange. Distinctive artifact categories—especially those used in ceremonial or high-status contexts where identified—signal social differentiation and participation in wider interaction systems.

Legacy & Transition

The Late Maikop phase contributes to the lead-in toward later Early Bronze Age horizons in the Caucasus. As new cultural complexes emerged after 2500 BCE, elements of local craft traditions and exchange relationships likely continued in modified forms.

Analysis

Genetic comparisons

These comparisons show genetic similarity, not identity or origin. The populations listed are those whose genomes show statistical alignment to this ancient individual.

Similarity reflects shared history, not shared identity. These are analytical comparisons, not claims about who this person was.

Modern Genetic Admixture

This analysis compares the DNA profile with present-day reference populations, showing statistical similarity to modern reference populations from different regions. The excavation site records where this individual was found, not a fixed modern genetic identity.

Asia 93.7%
Northern West Asian 92.5%
Caucasian 53.5%
Mesopotamian 29.7%
Cypriot 4.7%
Anatolian 4.6%
Central Asian, Northern Indian & Pakistani 1.2%
Indian 1.2%
Europe 6.3%
Northwestern European 4.0%
Northwestern European 4.0%
Southern European 2.3%
Italian 2.3%

Closest Modern Populations

These are the modern populations showing the closest statistical alignment to A man buried in Russia in the Copper Age era, ranked by genetic distance. Lower distance values indicate closer statistical similarity. Cross-region similarity can reflect shared ancestry, population movement, continuity, or later admixture.

1
Georgian Khevs
2.6067
2
Georgian Tush
2.7945
3
Ingushian
2.9593
4
Andian A
3.0039
5
Avar O
3.1184
6
Karata
3.1409
7
Tat Azerbaijan
3.1466
8
Azerbaijani Dagestan
3.2224
9
Ossetian
3.2689
10
Adygei
3.2731
Context

Related Samples

This individual exists within a broader network of ancient samples. No ancient genome stands alone.

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MBA Caucasus individual, Russia Middle Bronze Age North Caucasus, Russia 2197 BCE North Caucasus mountains. Kabardinka, Russia View
MBA Caucasus individual, Russia Middle Bronze Age North Caucasus, Russia 2192 BCE North Caucasus mountains. Kabardinka, Russia View
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Caucasus MBA individual, Russia North Caucasus Culture, Russia 2866 BCE Piedmont. Lysogarskaya, Russia View
Catacomb Steppe individual, Russia Catacomb Culture, Russian Steppe 2580 BCE Piedmont. Mar'inskaja 3, Russia View
Late Maikop Caucasus individual, Russia Late Maikop Culture, Caucasus, Russia 3400 BCE Piedmont. Mar'inskaja 5, Russia View
Late Maikop Caucasus individual, Russia Late Maikop Culture, Caucasus, Russia 3400 BCE Piedmont. Mar'inskaja 5, Russia View
Late Maikop Caucasus individual, Russia Late Maikop Culture, Caucasus, Russia 3369 BCE Piedmont. Mar'inskaja 5, Russia View
Caucasus MBA individual, Russia North Caucasus Culture, Russia 2879 BCE Piedmont. Mar'inskaja 5, Russia View
Stavropol Krai BA Steppe Lola individual, Russia Lola Culture, Russian Steppe 2127 BCE North Caucasus steppe. Nevinnommiskij 3, Russia View
Caucasus Maikop individual, Russia Maikop Culture, Caucasus, Russia 3704 BCE Piedmont. Ossetia, Russia View
Eneolithic Steppe individual, Russia Eneolithic Russian Steppe 4994 BCE Piedmont. Progress 2, Russia View
EBA North Caucasus individual, Russia North Caucasus Culture, Russia 2476 BCE Piedmont. Progress 2, Russia View
Stavropol Krai Eneolithic Steppe individual, Russia Eneolithic Russian Steppe 4240 BCE Piedmont. Progress 2, Russia View
EBA Caucasus Yamnaya individual, Russia Early Bronze Age Yamnaya Culture, Caucasus, Russia 2881 BCE Kuban steppe. Rasshevatskij 1, Russia View
Stavropol Krai Caucasus EBA individual, Russia North Caucasus Culture, Russia 2899 BCE Kuban steppe. Rasshevatskij 1, Russia View
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Catacomb Steppe individual, Russia Catacomb Culture, Russian Steppe 2451 BCE Kuban steppe. Rasshevatskij 4, Russia View
Catacomb Steppe individual, Russia Catacomb Culture, Russian Steppe 2662 BCE Kuban steppe. Rasshevatskij 4, Russia View
Steppe Maikop individual, Russia The Maikop Culture 3520 BCE Kaspi steppe. Šarachalsun 6, Russia View
Proto-Indo-European individual, Russia Late Maikop Culture, Russia 3332 BCE Sinjucha. Kuban steppe, Russia View
Steppe Catacomb individual, Russia Catacomb Culture, Russian Steppe 2470 BCE Kaspi steppe. Šarachalsun 6, Russia View
Steppe Maikop individual, Russia The Maikop Culture 3359 BCE Kaspi steppe. Šarachalsun 6, Russia View
Stavropol Krai EBA-o individual, Russia Russian Yamnaya 2886 BCE Kaspi steppe. Šarachalsun 6, Russia View
Steppe Maikop-o individual, Russia The Maikop Culture 3360 BCE Kaspi steppe. Šarachalsun 6, Russia View
Proto-Indo-European individual, Russia Late Maikop Culture, Russia 3349 BCE Sinjucha. Kuban steppe, Russia View
Proto-Indo-European individual, Russia Late Maikop Culture, Russia 3350 BCE Sinjucha. Kuban steppe, Russia View
Caucasus Kura Araxes-2 individual, Russia Kura-Araxes Culture, Caucasus, Russia 3000 BCE Caspian sea shore. Velikent, Russia View
Ancient Near Eastern Civilization individual, Russia Kura-Araxes Culture, Caucasus, Russia 3000 BCE Caspian sea shore. Velikent, Russia View
Stavropol Krai Eneolithic Steppe individual, Russia Eneolithic Russian Steppe 4337 BCE Piedmont. Vonjucka 1, Russia View
EBA Caucasus Yamnaya individual, Russia Early Bronze Age Yamnaya Culture, Caucasus, Russia 3300 BCE North Caucasus steppe. Zolotarjëvka 2, Russia View
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Steppe Cultures individual, Russia North Caucasus Culture, Russia 2877 BCE Goryachevadskiy, Russia View
Proto-Indo-European individual, Russia Maikop Culture, Caucasus, Russia 3700 BCE Baksanyonok, Russia View
Late Maikop individual, Russia Late Maikop Culture, Russia 3332 BCE Sinyukha (Republic of Adygea, Krasnogvardeysky District), Russia View
Late Maikop individual, Russia Late Maikop Culture, Russia 3349 BCE Sinyukha (Republic of Adygea, Krasnogvardeysky District), Russia View
Late Maikop individual, Russia Late Maikop Culture, Russia 3350 BCE Sinyukha (Republic of Adygea, Krasnogvardeysky District), Russia View
Kura Araxes individual, Armenia 3356 BCE South Caucasus mountains. Kaps, Armenia View
Kura Araxes individual, Russia 3000 BCE Caspian sea shore. Velikent, Russia View
Maykop individual, Russia 3700 BCE Baksanyonok, Russia View
Yamnaya individual, Russia 2877 BCE Goryachevadskiy, Russia View
Page 1
Individual Culture/Period Date Location Action
Late Maikop Caucasus individual, Russia Late Maikop Culture, Caucasus, Russia 3400 BCE Piedmont. Mar'inskaja 5, Russia View
Late Maikop Caucasus individual, Russia Late Maikop Culture, Caucasus, Russia 3400 BCE Piedmont. Mar'inskaja 5, Russia View
Late Maikop Caucasus individual, Russia Late Maikop Culture, Caucasus, Russia 3369 BCE Piedmont. Mar'inskaja 5, Russia View
Page 1
Sources

References

Scientific publications and genetic data that inform this profile.

G25 Coordinates

These coordinates represent a position in genetic space, a tool for comparison, not a conclusion. You can use these to perform custom admixture analysis in G25 Studio.

MK5001,0.1029213,0.10533734,-0.0467159,-0.02691764,-0.0437792,-0.00391426,0.0098782,-0.00578226,-0.05286456,-0.02831186,-0.00242952,0.0054752,-0.011993,0.00214598,0.00917826,-0.00692718,0.00686892,-0.00305896,-0.00370044,0.00678098,0.00694668,0.0005475,0.0070627,-0.0010079,-0.00226676
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