A man buried in Canada in the Pre-Columbian North America era

Download PDF creates a visual, rasterized copy. Use Print for selectable text and better assistive-technology support.

Loading Report

Preparing your ancestry journey

Preparing the available report content...

Your report will open automatically.

Skip to main content
Reference library / Sample profile

A man buried in Canada in the Pre-Columbian North America era

Explore the recorded context, genetic comparisons and research behind this reference sample.

CanadaArctic Small Tool Tradition, Canada

A reference profile describes this sample. It does not establish a personal or family relationship.

View sample details Explore Shared Roots
AI portrait reconstruction for A man buried in Canada in the Pre-Columbian North America era
AI-generated artistic reconstruction, not a photograph of the individual.
Record

Sample details

Recorded details and available lineage markers.

Individual

Paleo-Arctic Tradition individual, Canada

Sample ID: LU-01

Date Range

1200 CE - 1450 CE

Cultural Period

Arctic Small Tool Tradition, Canada

Biological Sex

Male

mtDNA Haplogroup

C

Y-DNA Haplogroup

Not available

Social Role

Hunter (AI estimate, era-typical)

Geography

Location

Where this individual was discovered

Country Canada
Locality Lucier. Southwestern Ontario
Coordinates 42.2167, -83.0667
Chronology

Date range

When this individual lived in the broader context of human history

Paleo-Arctic Tradition individual, Canada 1200 CE - 1450 CE
Context

Historical context

Background information associated with the reference record.

The Arctic Small Tool Tradition (ASTt) represents a pivotal era in the prehistory of Arctic North America, roughly dating from about 2500 BCE to 500 CE. The ASTt is primarily associated with the Paleo-Arctic Tradition, an archaeological classification that denotes one of the earliest cultural adaptations to the harsh environments of the Arctic region, particularly in what is now Northern Canada and parts of Alaska.

Geographic and Temporal Context

The ASTt spanned a vast geographic area that included the high Arctic regions of Alaska, the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, and parts of Greenland. Emerging around 2500 BCE, this tradition continued until approximately 500 CE, marking it as a significant cultural phase that bridged the gap between earlier Paleo-Indigenous groups and later cultures like the Dorset and Thule.

Cultural and Technological Characteristics

The ASTt is characterized by its distinctive small stone tool assemblage. These tools were finely crafted and included microblades, burins, and scrapers made from materials such as chert, quartz, and obsidian. The hallmark of the ASTt is its efficient toolkit designed for maximum versatility in hunting, processing, and fabricating other tools or clothing. This speaks to the adaptive strategies of small, highly mobile groups that relied on these tools for survival in the Arctic's challenging environments.

Tools and Technology

  • Microblades: Small, razor-sharp blades used as insets in bone or antler handles.
  • Burin-like tools: Used for engraving or carving hard materials.
  • End scrapers and side scrapers: Essential for processing hides and other organic materials.

These tools underpin a subsistence strategy well-suited to the Arctic's seasonal cycles, focusing heavily on hunting sea mammals, caribou, and exploiting other marine resources.

Subsistence and Lifestyle

The people of the ASTt were predominantly hunter-gatherers, exhibiting a considerable degree of mobility throughout the Arctic landscape. Their subsistence practices were highly adapted to the seasonalities of Arctic life. During the winters, groups would hunt seals on the sea ice, while in the summers, they would focus on caribou and fishing. This cyclical movement would have facilitated both resource acquisition and social exchange, allowing groups to share information and goods across vast distances.

Housing and Settlement Patterns

Evidence suggests that ASTt groups lived in temporary, semi-subterranean structures, which provided insulation against the harsh Arctic climate. These dwellings were small and indicative of relatively small, kin-based groups living together. The seasonal movement is also evident in the archaeological record, where sites are often located near resources like animal migration paths or coastal areas advantageous for hunting sea mammals.

Social and Cultural Aspects

Although the harsh environment left little in terms of preserved organic material, the ASTt is marked by its continuity and adaptability. The social structure would have likely been organized around family or kinship groups, with a culture geared to share resources and knowledge critical for survival. The gradual shift and adaptation of these tools and technologies into subsequent cultures testify to a rich tradition of innovation and resilience.

Significance and Legacy

The ASTt is crucial for understanding the peopling of the North American Arctic. It represents an important cultural and technological bridge between the earliest Arctic inhabitants and the cultures that followed. The ASTt's influence is visible in subsequent traditions such as the Dorset and Thule, each of which would continue to adapt and thrive in the Arctic environment.

This tradition's adaptation strategies and technological innovations are invaluable to the archaeological narrative of human resilience and perseverance in one of the planet’s most extreme environments. The ASTt exemplifies how human populations can ingeniously adapt to even the most challenging habitats, weaving their cultural legacy into the broader story of humanity's expansion and survival.

Analysis

Genetic comparisons

These comparisons show genetic similarity, not identity or origin. The populations listed are those whose genomes show statistical alignment to this ancient individual.

Similarity reflects shared history, not shared identity. These are analytical comparisons, not claims about who this person was.

Modern Genetic Admixture

This analysis compares the DNA profile with present-day reference populations, showing statistical similarity to modern reference populations from different regions. The excavation site records where this individual was found, not a fixed modern genetic identity.

America 68.5%
America 68.5%
Native American 68.5%
Asia 31.5%
Northern Asian 17.5%
Siberian 17.5%
Northern West Asian 10.6%
Cypriot 10.6%
Central Asian, Northern Indian & Pakistani 3.4%
Indian 3.4%

Closest Modern Populations

These are the modern populations showing the closest statistical alignment to A man buried in Canada in the Pre-Columbian North America era, ranked by genetic distance. Lower distance values indicate closer statistical similarity. Cross-region similarity can reflect shared ancestry, population movement, continuity, or later admixture.

1
Huichol
5.5099
2
Zapotec
5.5848
3
Pima
5.6161
4
Mixtec
5.6321
5
Nahua
5.7651
6
Mixe
6.2933
7
Mayan
6.3515
8
Cachi
7.6824
9
Bolivian Cochabamba
7.7215
10
Quechua
7.9058
Context

Related Samples

This individual exists within a broader network of ancient samples. No ancient genome stands alone.

Individual Culture/Period Date Location Action
Native American individual, USA Late Santa Cruz Island, California, USA 775 CE San Clemente Island. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3626 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Santa Cruz Island Chumash Culture, California, USA 774 CE San Cruz Island. CA, USA View
Chumash individual, USA San Miguel Island Chumash Culture, California, USA 1174 CE San Miguel Island. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA 771 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Chumash Culture, California, USA 417 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA 1040 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA 420 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Chumash Culture, New Cuyama, California, USA 571 CE New Cuyama. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3369 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA 1165 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3700 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA 239 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Chumash Culture, California, USA 422 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late Santa Cruz Island, California, USA 700 CE San Clemente Island. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late Santa Cruz Island, California, USA 700 CE San Clemente Island. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late Santa Cruz Island, California, USA 1039 CE San Clemente Island. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA 990 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA 78 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA 410 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 2835 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late Santa Cruz Island, California, USA 700 CE San Clemente Island. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3700 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Chumash individual, USA San Miguel Island Chumash Culture, California, USA 1286 CE San Miguel Island. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3341 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Chumash Culture, California, USA 416 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3700 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Chumash Culture, California, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3700 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3328 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Chumash Culture, California, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 2570 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late Santa Cruz Island, California, USA 890 CE San Clemente Island. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Chumash Culture, California, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3700 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3081 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Chumash Culture, California, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA 663 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA 795 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Chumash Culture, California, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Chumash Culture, California, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 2835 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Chumash Culture, California, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late Santa Cruz Island, California, USA 700 CE San Clemente Island. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Chumash Culture, California, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Mainland Chumash Culture, California, USA 416 CE California. Carpenteria, USA View
Mesoamerican Civilizations individual, Mexico Pericues Culture, Mexico 3000 BCE LC-218. Baja, Mexico View
Mesoamerican Civilizations individual, Mexico Baja California, Mexico 3000 BCE Iron Springs. Baja, Mexico View
Mesoamerican Civilizations individual, Mexico Baja California, Mexico 3000 BCE Comondu. Baja, Mexico View
Paleo-Arctic Tradition individual, Canada Arctic Small Tool Tradition, Canada 2914 BCE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
Paleo-Arctic Tradition individual, Canada Arctic Small Tool Tradition, Canada 1200 CE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
Paleo-Arctic Tradition individual, Canada Arctic Small Tool Tradition, Canada 1200 CE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
Paleo-Arctic Tradition individual, Canada Arctic Small Tool Tradition, Canada 1200 CE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
Paleo-Arctic Tradition individual, Canada Arctic Small Tool Tradition, Canada 1200 CE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
Paleo-Arctic Tradition individual, Canada Arctic Small Tool Tradition, Canada 1200 CE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
Paleo-Arctic Tradition individual, Canada Arctic Small Tool Tradition, Canada 1200 CE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
Paleo-Arctic Tradition individual, Canada Arctic Small Tool Tradition, Canada 1223 CE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
Chumash individual, USA San Nicolas Island Native American 420 CE San Nicolas Island (California), USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 420 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, Mexico 3000 BCE LC-218. Baja, Mexico View
America North Ancient individual, Mexico 3000 BCE Comondu. Baja, Mexico View
America North Ancient individual, USA 416 CE California. Carpenteria, USA View
America North Ancient individual, Canada 1223 CE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
America North Ancient individual, Canada 1200 CE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
America North Ancient individual, Canada 2914 BCE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
America North Ancient individual, USA 774 CE San Cruz Island. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, Canada 1200 CE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
America North Ancient individual, Canada 1200 CE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
America North Ancient individual, Canada 1200 CE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
America North Ancient individual, Canada 1200 CE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
America North Ancient individual, Canada 1200 CE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
America North Ancient individual, Mexico 3000 BCE Iron Springs. Baja, Mexico View
America North Ancient individual, USA 571 CE New Cuyama. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 416 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 417 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 422 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 700 CE San Clemente Island. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 700 CE San Clemente Island. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 890 CE San Clemente Island. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 1039 CE San Clemente Island. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 775 CE San Clemente Island. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 700 CE San Clemente Island. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 700 CE San Clemente Island. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 1286 CE San Miguel Island. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 1174 CE San Miguel Island. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3700 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 239 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3081 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3700 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3700 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 771 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 663 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 1040 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 78 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3700 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3369 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 2570 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3341 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3700 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 795 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3626 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 410 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 990 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 1165 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 2835 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3328 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 2835 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Page 1
Individual Culture/Period Date Location Action
Paleo-Arctic Tradition individual, Canada Arctic Small Tool Tradition, Canada 2914 BCE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
Paleo-Arctic Tradition individual, Canada Arctic Small Tool Tradition, Canada 1200 CE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
Paleo-Arctic Tradition individual, Canada Arctic Small Tool Tradition, Canada 1200 CE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
Paleo-Arctic Tradition individual, Canada Arctic Small Tool Tradition, Canada 1200 CE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
Paleo-Arctic Tradition individual, Canada Arctic Small Tool Tradition, Canada 1200 CE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
Paleo-Arctic Tradition individual, Canada Arctic Small Tool Tradition, Canada 1200 CE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
Paleo-Arctic Tradition individual, Canada Arctic Small Tool Tradition, Canada 1200 CE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
Paleo-Arctic Tradition individual, Canada Arctic Small Tool Tradition, Canada 1223 CE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
Page 1
Sources

References

Scientific publications and genetic data that inform this profile.

G25 Coordinates

These coordinates represent a position in genetic space, a tool for comparison, not a conclusion. You can use these to perform custom admixture analysis in G25 Studio.

LU-01,0.05667696,-0.32342256,0.11746856,0.08288084,-0.11661644,-0.02092344,-0.24733068,-0.28925334,-0.00674534,-0.011043,0.01007316,0.00032232,-0.002699,0.02223934,-0.00744672,-0.00346324,0.00560288,0.00508218,0.0060895,0.00087268,0.00856834,-0.00188654,-0.00064654,-0.00299922,-0.0014954
Continue in G25 Studio

Continue exploring

Browse reference records or explore your existing Shared Roots results.

Browse Sample Explorer Discover Your Shared Roots
Use code for 30% off • Expires Nov 16