A man buried in USA in the Pre-Columbian North America era

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Reference library / Sample profile

A man buried in USA in the Pre-Columbian North America era

Explore the recorded context, genetic comparisons and research behind this reference sample.

USALate San Nicolas Island, California, USA

A reference profile describes this sample. It does not establish a personal or family relationship.

View sample details Explore Shared Roots
AI portrait reconstruction for A man buried in USA in the Pre-Columbian North America era
AI-generated artistic reconstruction, not a photograph of the individual.
Record

Sample details

Recorded details and available lineage markers.

Individual

Native American individual, USA

Sample ID: SN-09

Date Range

3700 BCE - 1300 CE

Cultural Period

Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA

Biological Sex

Male

mtDNA Haplogroup

B2a5

Y-DNA Haplogroup

Q-M346

Social Role

Fisher (AI estimate, era-typical)

Geography

Location

Where this individual was discovered

Country USA
Locality California. San Nicolas Island
Coordinates 33.2643, -119.5390
Chronology

Date range

When this individual lived in the broader context of human history

Native American individual, USA 3700 BCE - 1300 CE
Context

Historical context

Background information associated with the reference record.

Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA describes later prehistoric phases of island occupation associated with Island Chumash lifeways.

Region & Environment

San Nicolas Island remains the same insular environment with limited freshwater and strong seasonal and local marine productivity. The abundance of fish and shellfish in surrounding waters would have continued to structure settlement decisions, while terrestrial resources likely played a secondary but recurring role.

Historical Context

From 3000 BCE to 1800 CE, island communities participated in long-term Holocene cultural development while adapting to insular constraints. Over time, patterns of connectivity between island and mainland groups could have shifted, influencing the movement of materials, knowledge, and people.

Populations & Lifeways

Island Chumash populations continued marine-centered subsistence, including fishing and shellfish collection, with additional activities related to hunting and plant use as opportunities allowed. Settlement was likely organized around favorable shoreline locations and areas suited to repeated processing and maintenance tasks. Daily life would have required labor coordination, especially for marine procurement and food preparation.

Archaeology & Material Culture

Archaeology for this interval commonly emphasizes shell-rich deposits, stone tools for processing and cutting, and evidence of repeated site use. Changes through time may be visible in artifact types, frequencies, and the organization of activity areas, reflecting technological adjustments and shifting emphasis in food production. The overall material record typically remains dominated by items tied to marine processing and day-to-day tasks.

Culture & Society

Island Chumash culture is expressed through consistent engagement with island ecologies and through patterns of craft work and shared technological traditions. Social networks—whether limited to the islands or linking to mainland groups—would have influenced access to nonlocal materials and the timing of movements. Community cohesion likely relied on shared practices for marine subsistence and seasonal routines.

Legacy & Transition

The late period ends before or around the dramatic disruptions of early historic contact. Archaeological continuity into the terminal centuries underscores how island communities were deeply adapted to marine environments. The transition to early historic conditions brought rapid change, but the long-term prehistoric record remains a key foundation for understanding Island Chumash lifeways.

Analysis

Genetic comparisons

These comparisons show genetic similarity, not identity or origin. The populations listed are those whose genomes show statistical alignment to this ancient individual.

Similarity reflects shared history, not shared identity. These are analytical comparisons, not claims about who this person was.

Modern Genetic Admixture

This analysis compares the DNA profile with present-day reference populations, showing statistical similarity to modern reference populations from different regions. The excavation site records where this individual was found, not a fixed modern genetic identity.

America 95.0%
America 95.0%
Native American 95.0%
Asia 2.7%
Northern Asian 2.7%
Siberian 2.7%
Oceania 2.3%
Melanesian 2.3%
Papuan 2.3%

Closest Modern Populations

These are the modern populations showing the closest statistical alignment to A man buried in USA in the Pre-Columbian North America era, ranked by genetic distance. Lower distance values indicate closer statistical similarity. Cross-region similarity can reflect shared ancestry, population movement, continuity, or later admixture.

1
Mixe
2.5351
2
Huichol
2.8859
3
Pima
2.9384
4
Mayan
3.1343
5
Cachi
3.3441
6
Bolivian Lapaz
3.3880
7
Zapotec
3.4244
8
Nahua
3.4845
9
Mixtec
3.6099
10
Aymara
3.8541
Context

Related Samples

This individual exists within a broader network of ancient samples. No ancient genome stands alone.

Individual Culture/Period Date Location Action
Native American individual, USA Late Santa Cruz Island, California, USA 775 CE San Clemente Island. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3626 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Santa Cruz Island Chumash Culture, California, USA 774 CE San Cruz Island. CA, USA View
Chumash individual, USA San Miguel Island Chumash Culture, California, USA 1174 CE San Miguel Island. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA 771 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Chumash Culture, California, USA 417 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA 1040 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA 420 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Chumash Culture, New Cuyama, California, USA 571 CE New Cuyama. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3369 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA 1165 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3700 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA 239 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Chumash Culture, California, USA 422 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late Santa Cruz Island, California, USA 700 CE San Clemente Island. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late Santa Cruz Island, California, USA 700 CE San Clemente Island. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late Santa Cruz Island, California, USA 1039 CE San Clemente Island. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA 990 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA 78 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA 410 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 2835 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late Santa Cruz Island, California, USA 700 CE San Clemente Island. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3700 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Chumash individual, USA San Miguel Island Chumash Culture, California, USA 1286 CE San Miguel Island. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3341 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Chumash Culture, California, USA 416 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3700 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Chumash Culture, California, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3700 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3328 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Chumash Culture, California, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 2570 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late Santa Cruz Island, California, USA 890 CE San Clemente Island. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Chumash Culture, California, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3700 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3081 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Chumash Culture, California, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA 663 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA 795 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Chumash Culture, California, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Chumash Culture, California, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 2835 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Chumash Culture, California, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late Santa Cruz Island, California, USA 700 CE San Clemente Island. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Chumash Culture, California, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Mainland Chumash Culture, California, USA 416 CE California. Carpenteria, USA View
Mesoamerican Civilizations individual, Mexico Pericues Culture, Mexico 3000 BCE LC-218. Baja, Mexico View
Mesoamerican Civilizations individual, Mexico Baja California, Mexico 3000 BCE Iron Springs. Baja, Mexico View
Mesoamerican Civilizations individual, Mexico Baja California, Mexico 3000 BCE Comondu. Baja, Mexico View
Paleo-Arctic Tradition individual, Canada Arctic Small Tool Tradition, Canada 2914 BCE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
Paleo-Arctic Tradition individual, Canada Arctic Small Tool Tradition, Canada 1200 CE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
Paleo-Arctic Tradition individual, Canada Arctic Small Tool Tradition, Canada 1200 CE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
Paleo-Arctic Tradition individual, Canada Arctic Small Tool Tradition, Canada 1200 CE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
Paleo-Arctic Tradition individual, Canada Arctic Small Tool Tradition, Canada 1200 CE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
Paleo-Arctic Tradition individual, Canada Arctic Small Tool Tradition, Canada 1200 CE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
Paleo-Arctic Tradition individual, Canada Arctic Small Tool Tradition, Canada 1200 CE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
Paleo-Arctic Tradition individual, Canada Arctic Small Tool Tradition, Canada 1223 CE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
Chumash individual, USA San Nicolas Island Native American 420 CE San Nicolas Island (California), USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 420 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, Mexico 3000 BCE LC-218. Baja, Mexico View
America North Ancient individual, Mexico 3000 BCE Comondu. Baja, Mexico View
America North Ancient individual, USA 416 CE California. Carpenteria, USA View
America North Ancient individual, Canada 1223 CE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
America North Ancient individual, Canada 1200 CE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
America North Ancient individual, Canada 2914 BCE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
America North Ancient individual, USA 774 CE San Cruz Island. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, Canada 1200 CE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
America North Ancient individual, Canada 1200 CE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
America North Ancient individual, Canada 1200 CE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
America North Ancient individual, Canada 1200 CE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
America North Ancient individual, Canada 1200 CE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
America North Ancient individual, Mexico 3000 BCE Iron Springs. Baja, Mexico View
America North Ancient individual, USA 571 CE New Cuyama. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 416 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 417 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 422 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 700 CE San Clemente Island. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 700 CE San Clemente Island. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 890 CE San Clemente Island. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 1039 CE San Clemente Island. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 775 CE San Clemente Island. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 700 CE San Clemente Island. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 700 CE San Clemente Island. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 1286 CE San Miguel Island. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 1174 CE San Miguel Island. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3700 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 239 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3081 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3700 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3700 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 771 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 663 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 1040 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 78 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3700 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3369 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 2570 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3341 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3700 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 795 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3626 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 410 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 990 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 1165 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 2835 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3328 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 2835 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Page 1
Individual Culture/Period Date Location Action
Native American individual, USA Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA 771 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA 1040 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA 420 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA 1165 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3700 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA 239 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA 990 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA 78 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA 410 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3700 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3700 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3700 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3700 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA 663 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA 795 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Page 1
Sources

References

Scientific publications and genetic data that inform this profile.

G25 Coordinates

These coordinates represent a position in genetic space, a tool for comparison, not a conclusion. You can use these to perform custom admixture analysis in G25 Studio.

SN-09,0.05656704,-0.31734584,0.11236814,0.09225412,-0.11797774,-0.01550038,-0.28223466,-0.3315652,-0.01299728,-0.0149388,0.00498782,-0.00023576,-0.00238074,0.02386372,-0.00637546,-0.00242154,0.00616924,0.0038479,0.00293304,-0.00023036,0.0033077,0.0037095,-0.00164206,-0.00452032,-0.00402787
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