A woman buried in USA in the Pre-Columbian North America era

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Reference library / Sample profile

A woman buried in USA in the Pre-Columbian North America era

Explore the recorded context, genetic comparisons and research behind this reference sample.

USAChumash Culture, California, USA

A reference profile describes this sample. It does not establish a personal or family relationship.

View sample details Explore Shared Roots
AI portrait reconstruction for A woman buried in USA in the Pre-Columbian North America era
AI-generated artistic reconstruction, not a photograph of the individual.
Record

Sample details

Recorded details and available lineage markers.

Individual

Native American individual, USA

Sample ID: PS-17

Date Range

100 CE - 700 CE

Cultural Period

Chumash Culture, California, USA

Biological Sex

Female

mtDNA Haplogroup

D1t

Y-DNA Haplogroup

Not available

Social Role

Gatherer (AI estimate, era-typical)

Geography

Location

Where this individual was discovered

Country USA
Locality Point Sal. CA
Coordinates 34.9014, -120.6481
Chronology

Date range

When this individual lived in the broader context of human history

Native American individual, USA 100 CE - 700 CE
Context

Historical context

Background information associated with the reference record.

Chumash Culture, California, USA spans millennia along the central section of California’s Pacific coast and across the adjacent Channel Islands.

Region & Environment

The Chumash were associated with a coastal landscape of rocky shorelines, sheltered bays, and alluvial valleys, along with the offshore Channel Islands. The region offered diverse marine resources (fish, shellfish, marine mammals), freshwater from seasonal streams, and varied terrestrial habitats suitable for plant gathering and hunting.

Historical Context

Over the longue durée, coastal foraging intensified and became increasingly organized, with long-term settlement and the repeated use of places. By the later prehistoric period, community lifeways were supported by established local networks of exchange and shared cultural practices across the mainland and islands. Into the early historic era, European contact brought major disruption, but the underlying patterns of earlier resource use and material traditions remained visible in the archaeological record.

Populations & Lifeways

Chumash communities typically relied on a mixed subsistence strategy combining marine hunting and fishing with terrestrial foraging. Sedentism and semi-sedentism are both supported at different times and localities, often linked to productive seasonal rounds and dependable fishing stations. Social life included household-scale craft production and community gatherings connected to resource scheduling and ritual activities.

Archaeology & Material Culture

Archaeological remains commonly include shell deposits, lithic tool assemblages, and locally produced items reflecting fishing, hunting, and daily domestic activities. Marine-oriented technologies are suggested by toolkits associated with processing aquatic resources. On the islands and along sheltered coasts, site locations and artifact distributions demonstrate long-term use of specific shore environments and the reuse of living and work areas.

Culture & Society

Chumash culture is characterized in the archaeological and ethnographic record by distinctive craft practices and community-level traditions tied to coastal ecosystems. Exchange and movement across mainland and islands likely helped circulate valued materials and finished goods. Social organization is inferred through patterns of settlement size, repeated activity areas, and the distribution of particular classes of artifacts.

Legacy & Transition

The long development of coastal lifeways culminated in the early historic period, when disease, missionization, and forced changes reshaped community life. Archaeological sites preserve evidence for pre-contact practices, while later historical records document rapid transformation. Together, they mark a transition from earlier indigenous ecological economies to a contact-era world constrained by new institutions and pressures.

Analysis

Genetic comparisons

These comparisons show genetic similarity, not identity or origin. The populations listed are those whose genomes show statistical alignment to this ancient individual.

Similarity reflects shared history, not shared identity. These are analytical comparisons, not claims about who this person was.

Modern Genetic Admixture

This analysis compares the DNA profile with present-day reference populations, showing statistical similarity to modern reference populations from different regions. The excavation site records where this individual was found, not a fixed modern genetic identity.

America 88.6%
America 88.6%
Native American 88.6%
Asia 8.9%
Central Asian, Northern Indian & Pakistani 4.7%
Indian 4.7%
Northern Asian 3.8%
Siberian 3.8%
Oceania 1.5%
Melanesian 1.5%
Papuan 1.5%
Europe 0.7%
Northwestern European 0.7%
Finnish 0.7%

Closest Modern Populations

These are the modern populations showing the closest statistical alignment to A woman buried in USA in the Pre-Columbian North America era, ranked by genetic distance. Lower distance values indicate closer statistical similarity. Cross-region similarity can reflect shared ancestry, population movement, continuity, or later admixture.

1
Pima
1.6064
2
Nahua
1.8183
3
Mayan
1.8547
4
Zapotec
1.9911
5
Mixtec
2.0206
6
Huichol
2.1099
7
Mixe
2.9047
8
Cachi
3.0344
9
Bolivian Lapaz
4.0412
10
Colla
4.0503
Context

Related Samples

This individual exists within a broader network of ancient samples. No ancient genome stands alone.

Individual Culture/Period Date Location Action
Native American individual, USA Late Santa Cruz Island, California, USA 775 CE San Clemente Island. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3626 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Santa Cruz Island Chumash Culture, California, USA 774 CE San Cruz Island. CA, USA View
Chumash individual, USA San Miguel Island Chumash Culture, California, USA 1174 CE San Miguel Island. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA 771 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Chumash Culture, California, USA 417 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA 1040 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA 420 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Chumash Culture, New Cuyama, California, USA 571 CE New Cuyama. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3369 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA 1165 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3700 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA 239 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Chumash Culture, California, USA 422 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late Santa Cruz Island, California, USA 700 CE San Clemente Island. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late Santa Cruz Island, California, USA 700 CE San Clemente Island. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late Santa Cruz Island, California, USA 1039 CE San Clemente Island. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA 990 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA 78 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA 410 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 2835 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late Santa Cruz Island, California, USA 700 CE San Clemente Island. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3700 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Chumash individual, USA San Miguel Island Chumash Culture, California, USA 1286 CE San Miguel Island. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3341 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Chumash Culture, California, USA 416 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3700 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Chumash Culture, California, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3700 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3328 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Chumash Culture, California, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 2570 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late Santa Cruz Island, California, USA 890 CE San Clemente Island. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Chumash Culture, California, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3700 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3081 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Chumash Culture, California, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA 663 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA 795 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Chumash Culture, California, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Chumash Culture, California, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 2835 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Chumash Culture, California, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late Santa Cruz Island, California, USA 700 CE San Clemente Island. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Chumash Culture, California, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Mainland Chumash Culture, California, USA 416 CE California. Carpenteria, USA View
Mesoamerican Civilizations individual, Mexico Pericues Culture, Mexico 3000 BCE LC-218. Baja, Mexico View
Mesoamerican Civilizations individual, Mexico Baja California, Mexico 3000 BCE Iron Springs. Baja, Mexico View
Mesoamerican Civilizations individual, Mexico Baja California, Mexico 3000 BCE Comondu. Baja, Mexico View
Paleo-Arctic Tradition individual, Canada Arctic Small Tool Tradition, Canada 2914 BCE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
Paleo-Arctic Tradition individual, Canada Arctic Small Tool Tradition, Canada 1200 CE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
Paleo-Arctic Tradition individual, Canada Arctic Small Tool Tradition, Canada 1200 CE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
Paleo-Arctic Tradition individual, Canada Arctic Small Tool Tradition, Canada 1200 CE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
Paleo-Arctic Tradition individual, Canada Arctic Small Tool Tradition, Canada 1200 CE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
Paleo-Arctic Tradition individual, Canada Arctic Small Tool Tradition, Canada 1200 CE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
Paleo-Arctic Tradition individual, Canada Arctic Small Tool Tradition, Canada 1200 CE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
Paleo-Arctic Tradition individual, Canada Arctic Small Tool Tradition, Canada 1223 CE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
Chumash individual, USA San Nicolas Island Native American 420 CE San Nicolas Island (California), USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 420 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, Mexico 3000 BCE LC-218. Baja, Mexico View
America North Ancient individual, Mexico 3000 BCE Comondu. Baja, Mexico View
America North Ancient individual, USA 416 CE California. Carpenteria, USA View
America North Ancient individual, Canada 1223 CE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
America North Ancient individual, Canada 1200 CE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
America North Ancient individual, Canada 2914 BCE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
America North Ancient individual, USA 774 CE San Cruz Island. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, Canada 1200 CE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
America North Ancient individual, Canada 1200 CE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
America North Ancient individual, Canada 1200 CE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
America North Ancient individual, Canada 1200 CE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
America North Ancient individual, Canada 1200 CE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
America North Ancient individual, Mexico 3000 BCE Iron Springs. Baja, Mexico View
America North Ancient individual, USA 571 CE New Cuyama. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 416 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 417 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 422 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 700 CE San Clemente Island. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 700 CE San Clemente Island. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 890 CE San Clemente Island. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 1039 CE San Clemente Island. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 775 CE San Clemente Island. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 700 CE San Clemente Island. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 700 CE San Clemente Island. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 1286 CE San Miguel Island. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 1174 CE San Miguel Island. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3700 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 239 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3081 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3700 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3700 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 771 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 663 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 1040 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 78 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3700 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3369 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 2570 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3341 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3700 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 795 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3626 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 410 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 990 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 1165 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 2835 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3328 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 2835 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Page 1
Individual Culture/Period Date Location Action
Native American individual, USA Chumash Culture, California, USA 417 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Chumash Culture, California, USA 422 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Chumash Culture, California, USA 416 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Chumash Culture, California, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Chumash Culture, California, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Chumash Culture, California, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Chumash Culture, California, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Chumash Culture, California, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Chumash Culture, California, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Chumash Culture, California, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Chumash Culture, California, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
Page 1
Sources

References

Scientific publications and genetic data that inform this profile.

G25 Coordinates

These coordinates represent a position in genetic space, a tool for comparison, not a conclusion. You can use these to perform custom admixture analysis in G25 Studio.

PS-17,0.05660506,-0.30775704,0.10658912,0.09155526,-0.10672924,-0.01247512,-0.27313386,-0.3231091,-0.01300056,-0.01608278,0.00116514,-1.708E-05,-9.04E-06,0.02094746,-0.00774294,0.00264036,0.0062174,0.00569488,0.00334208,-0.00112568,-0.00089926,0.00460348,-0.00332204,0.00013064,-0.00073541
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