A man buried in USA in the Pre-Columbian North America era

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Reference library / Sample profile

A man buried in USA in the Pre-Columbian North America era

Explore the recorded context, genetic comparisons and research behind this reference sample.

USASan Miguel Island Chumash Culture, California, USA

A reference profile describes this sample. It does not establish a personal or family relationship.

View sample details Explore Shared Roots
AI portrait reconstruction for A man buried in USA in the Pre-Columbian North America era
AI-generated artistic reconstruction, not a photograph of the individual.
Record

Sample details

Recorded details and available lineage markers.

Individual

Chumash individual, USA

Sample ID: SM-01

Date Range

1286 CE - 1396 CE

Cultural Period

San Miguel Island Chumash Culture, California, USA

Biological Sex

Male

mtDNA Haplogroup

A2

Y-DNA Haplogroup

Q-M902

Social Role

Fisher (AI estimate, era-typical)

Geography

Location

Where this individual was discovered

Country USA
Locality San Miguel Island. CA
Coordinates 34.0333, -120.3833
Chronology

Date range

When this individual lived in the broader context of human history

Chumash individual, USA 1286 CE - 1396 CE
Context

Historical context

Background information associated with the reference record.

Overview

The San Miguel Island Chumash represent Chumash lifeways on and around Santa Rosa–San Miguel island settings within the larger Chumash cultural tradition. Archaeological evidence shows long-term use of marine environments and the development of distinctive material practices tied to coastal movement and resource harvesting.

Region & Environment

The Channel Islands lie off the southern California coast and experience a strongly maritime climate. Marine productivity supported rich nearshore ecosystems, while island terrain offered sheltered camps, terrestrial resources (such as small game and native plants), and viewpoints for navigating coastal routes. The geography encouraged frequent travel between islands and the mainland, even when residence patterns varied.

Historical Context

Between roughly 2000 BCE and 1800 CE, Chumash-related populations in the region experienced shifts in settlement intensity, technology, and social organization, but the core dependence on coastal resources remained. Later pre-contact centuries saw more evidence of intensification and wider exchange across the broader California coast and interior margins, without requiring a single abrupt “event” to explain the overall trajectory.

Populations & Lifeways

Chumash communities were primarily maritime hunter-gatherers with complementary use of terrestrial and freshwater resources when available. People organized labor around seasonal harvesting of shellfish and other marine foods, fishing, and processing activities conducted near habitation sites. Movement by sea helped link communities and fostered sharing networks for food, raw materials, and crafts.

Archaeology & Material Culture

Archaeological work on the Channel Islands emphasizes shell midden deposits, fish remains, and other indicators of repeated coastal foraging. Distinctive artifact categories commonly include stone tools for production and maintenance, bone/antler implements, and ceramics in some contexts. Evidence for craft production and use of coastal technology (including seafaring-related gear) helps document the importance of maritime travel.

Culture & Society

Social life likely involved local cooperation in harvesting and processing, with relationships reinforced through travel and exchange. Material patterning—such as differences in toolkits and activity areas across sites—suggests site-specific functions and repeated use over generations. Craft practices tied to marine subsistence and movement would have supported identities anchored in particular coastal landscapes.

Legacy & Transition

Over time, Chumash lifeways persisted in the pre-contact period until major disruptions associated with European contact and subsequent colonial pressures. Material culture and settlement evidence preserve a long record of adaptation to island and coastal ecologies, informing how later transformations unfolded in the region.

Analysis

Genetic comparisons

These comparisons show genetic similarity, not identity or origin. The populations listed are those whose genomes show statistical alignment to this ancient individual.

Similarity reflects shared history, not shared identity. These are analytical comparisons, not claims about who this person was.

Modern Genetic Admixture

This analysis compares the DNA profile with present-day reference populations, showing statistical similarity to modern reference populations from different regions. The excavation site records where this individual was found, not a fixed modern genetic identity.

America 85.1%
America 85.1%
Native American 85.1%
Asia 14.9%
Northern Asian 13.6%
Siberian 13.6%
Central Asian, Northern Indian & Pakistani 0.7%
Indian 0.7%
Chinese & Southeast Asian 0.6%
Tibetan 0.6%

Closest Modern Populations

These are the modern populations showing the closest statistical alignment to A man buried in USA in the Pre-Columbian North America era, ranked by genetic distance. Lower distance values indicate closer statistical similarity. Cross-region similarity can reflect shared ancestry, population movement, continuity, or later admixture.

1
Cachi
2.5788
2
Mayan
2.5818
3
Mixe
2.7239
4
Bolivian Lapaz
2.8429
5
Huichol
2.9370
6
Pima
3.0509
7
Colla
3.1270
8
Zapotec
3.1522
9
Mixtec
3.3158
10
Nahua
3.3394
Context

Related Samples

This individual exists within a broader network of ancient samples. No ancient genome stands alone.

Individual Culture/Period Date Location Action
Native American individual, USA Late Santa Cruz Island, California, USA 775 CE San Clemente Island. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3626 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Santa Cruz Island Chumash Culture, California, USA 774 CE San Cruz Island. CA, USA View
Chumash individual, USA San Miguel Island Chumash Culture, California, USA 1174 CE San Miguel Island. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA 771 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Chumash Culture, California, USA 417 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA 1040 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA 420 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Chumash Culture, New Cuyama, California, USA 571 CE New Cuyama. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3369 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA 1165 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3700 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA 239 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Chumash Culture, California, USA 422 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late Santa Cruz Island, California, USA 700 CE San Clemente Island. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late Santa Cruz Island, California, USA 700 CE San Clemente Island. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late Santa Cruz Island, California, USA 1039 CE San Clemente Island. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA 990 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA 78 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA 410 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 2835 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late Santa Cruz Island, California, USA 700 CE San Clemente Island. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3700 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Chumash individual, USA San Miguel Island Chumash Culture, California, USA 1286 CE San Miguel Island. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3341 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Chumash Culture, California, USA 416 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3700 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Chumash Culture, California, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3700 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3328 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Chumash Culture, California, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 2570 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late Santa Cruz Island, California, USA 890 CE San Clemente Island. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Chumash Culture, California, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3700 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3081 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Chumash Culture, California, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA 663 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late San Nicolas Island, California, USA 795 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Chumash Culture, California, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Chumash Culture, California, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 2835 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Chumash Culture, California, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Early San Nicolas Island, California, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Native American individual, USA Late Santa Cruz Island, California, USA 700 CE San Clemente Island. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Chumash Culture, California, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
Native American individual, USA Mainland Chumash Culture, California, USA 416 CE California. Carpenteria, USA View
Mesoamerican Civilizations individual, Mexico Pericues Culture, Mexico 3000 BCE LC-218. Baja, Mexico View
Mesoamerican Civilizations individual, Mexico Baja California, Mexico 3000 BCE Iron Springs. Baja, Mexico View
Mesoamerican Civilizations individual, Mexico Baja California, Mexico 3000 BCE Comondu. Baja, Mexico View
Paleo-Arctic Tradition individual, Canada Arctic Small Tool Tradition, Canada 2914 BCE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
Paleo-Arctic Tradition individual, Canada Arctic Small Tool Tradition, Canada 1200 CE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
Paleo-Arctic Tradition individual, Canada Arctic Small Tool Tradition, Canada 1200 CE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
Paleo-Arctic Tradition individual, Canada Arctic Small Tool Tradition, Canada 1200 CE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
Paleo-Arctic Tradition individual, Canada Arctic Small Tool Tradition, Canada 1200 CE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
Paleo-Arctic Tradition individual, Canada Arctic Small Tool Tradition, Canada 1200 CE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
Paleo-Arctic Tradition individual, Canada Arctic Small Tool Tradition, Canada 1200 CE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
Paleo-Arctic Tradition individual, Canada Arctic Small Tool Tradition, Canada 1223 CE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
Chumash individual, USA San Nicolas Island Native American 420 CE San Nicolas Island (California), USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 420 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, Mexico 3000 BCE LC-218. Baja, Mexico View
America North Ancient individual, Mexico 3000 BCE Comondu. Baja, Mexico View
America North Ancient individual, USA 416 CE California. Carpenteria, USA View
America North Ancient individual, Canada 1223 CE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
America North Ancient individual, Canada 1200 CE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
America North Ancient individual, Canada 2914 BCE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
America North Ancient individual, USA 774 CE San Cruz Island. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, Canada 1200 CE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
America North Ancient individual, Canada 1200 CE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
America North Ancient individual, Canada 1200 CE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
America North Ancient individual, Canada 1200 CE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
America North Ancient individual, Canada 1200 CE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
America North Ancient individual, Mexico 3000 BCE Iron Springs. Baja, Mexico View
America North Ancient individual, USA 571 CE New Cuyama. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 416 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 417 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 422 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 700 CE San Clemente Island. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 700 CE San Clemente Island. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 890 CE San Clemente Island. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 1039 CE San Clemente Island. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 775 CE San Clemente Island. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 700 CE San Clemente Island. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 700 CE San Clemente Island. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 1286 CE San Miguel Island. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 1174 CE San Miguel Island. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3700 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 239 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3081 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3700 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3700 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 771 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 663 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 1040 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 78 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3700 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3369 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 2570 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3341 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3700 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 795 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3626 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 410 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 990 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 1165 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 2835 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3328 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 2835 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
Page 1
Individual Culture/Period Date Location Action
Chumash individual, USA San Miguel Island Chumash Culture, California, USA 1174 CE San Miguel Island. CA, USA View
Chumash individual, USA San Miguel Island Chumash Culture, California, USA 1286 CE San Miguel Island. CA, USA View
Page 1
Sources

References

Scientific publications and genetic data that inform this profile.

G25 Coordinates

These coordinates represent a position in genetic space, a tool for comparison, not a conclusion. You can use these to perform custom admixture analysis in G25 Studio.

SM-01,0.05781226,-0.30822804,0.11011072,0.09859404,-0.11417274,-0.01152354,-0.28565086,-0.33513036,-0.01259908,-0.01586552,0.00391898,-0.00109874,-0.00060832,0.0221713,-0.00653994,-0.00124692,0.00556268,0.00352392,0.00168758,-0.001385,-0.00028916,0.00723934,-0.00126332,-0.0048966,-0.00527449
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