Record

Sample details

Recorded details and available lineage markers.

Individual

Iberia Ln individual, Spain

Sample ID: c40331

Date Range

3765 BCE - 3636 BCE

Cultural Period

Late Neolithic Iberia

Biological Sex

Male

mtDNA Haplogroup

HV0a

Y-DNA Haplogroup

I-Z161

Social Role

Farmer (AI estimate, era-typical)

Geography

Location

Where this individual was discovered

Country Spain

Locality Andalusia. Cueva de los Cuarenta

A location map is not available for this record.

Chronology

Date range

When this individual lived in the broader context of human history

Iberia Ln individual, Spain 3765 BCE - 3636 BCE

Context

Historical context

Background information associated with the reference record.

Overview

The Late Neolithic in Iberia represents a period when farming communities consolidated many of the practices associated with Neolithic life. Material culture and settlement evidence point to growing social coordination and continued regional variation.

Region & Environment

Iberia’s environmental diversity supported agriculture in many riverine and coastal-margin zones, while uplands could be used seasonally. During the Late Neolithic, changing local conditions shaped how communities organized fields, herds, and access to water and pasture.

Historical Context

This period falls within the broader Neolithic trajectory across southwestern Europe, prior to widespread metal production. Regional interaction and exchange remained important, visible in patterned similarities across certain ceramic or lithic styles.

Populations & Lifeways

Populations were predominantly farming communities with domesticated plants and animals. Lifeways likely included collective labor for cultivation and herding, household craft production, and participation in community events that could involve larger built or curated features.

Archaeology & Material Culture

Archaeological assemblages commonly include ceramics with regionally recognizable decorative traditions, polished stone tools, and chipped lithics used for daily tasks. Settlement remains—where preserved—may indicate rectangular or other structured buildings and repeated occupation. In some parts of Iberia, the Late Neolithic also connects to megalithic or monument traditions, though the specific expression varies by locality.

Culture & Society

Culture in this era is often expressed through material conventions: pottery design, stone-tool repertoires, and shared ways of marking places and persons. Social organization likely ranged from household-centered production to larger-scale coordination when constructing or maintaining communal features.

Legacy & Transition

Late Neolithic lifeways provided the groundwork for subsequent Copper Age changes, including shifts in exchange networks and the gradual appearance and spread of copper/metalworking practices. The transition is best understood as a complex regional process rather than a single sudden replacement.

Analysis

Genetic comparisons

These comparisons show genetic similarity, not identity or origin. The populations listed are those whose genomes show statistical alignment to this ancient individual.

Similarity reflects shared history, not shared identity. These are analytical comparisons, not claims about who this person was.

Modern Genetic Admixture

This analysis compares the DNA profile with present-day reference populations, showing statistical similarity to modern reference populations from different regions. The excavation site records where this individual was found, not a fixed modern genetic identity.

Europe 97.8%

Southern European 95.6%

Iberian 62.2%

Sardinian 22.4%

Italian 11.0%

Northwestern European 2.2%

Asia 1.4%

Chinese & Southeast Asian 1.1%

Chinese 1.1%

Oceania 0.8%

Melanesian 0.8%

Papuan 0.8%

Closest Modern Populations

These are the modern populations showing the closest statistical alignment to A man buried in Spain in the era, ranked by genetic distance. Lower distance values indicate closer statistical similarity. Cross-region similarity can reflect shared ancestry, population movement, continuity, or later admixture.

1

Sardinian

2.7281

2

French Corsica

5.7400

3

Spanish La Rioja

6.1769

4

Spanish Castilla La Mancha

6.4494

5

Spanish Castello

6.5027

6

Spanish Menorca

6.5292

7

Spanish Pirineu

6.5465

8

Spanish Murcia

6.5468

9

Spanish Andalucia

6.5780

10

Spanish Aragon

6.5815

Context

Related Samples

This individual exists within a broader network of ancient samples. No ancient genome stands alone.

Search related samples

Individual	Culture/Period	Date	Location	Action
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Chalcolithic Spain	3265 BCE	Atapuerca. El Portalón, Spain	View
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE	Atapuerca. El Portalón, Spain	View
Western European Neolithic individual, Spain	Early Neolithic Spain	5299 BCE	Andalusia. Murciélagos de Zuheros, Spain	View
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Chalcolithic Spain	3011 BCE	Atapuerca. El Portalón, Spain	View
Iberian individual, Spain	Bronze Age Spain	1600 BCE	La Rioja. Cueva de los Lagos, Spain	View
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Chalcolithic Spain	3336 BCE	Atapuerca. El Portalón, Spain	View
Prehistoric Iberian individual, Spain	Late Neolithic Spain	3765 BCE	Andalusia. Cueva de los Cuarenta, Spain	View
Iberian individual, Spain	Bronze Age Spain	2100 BCE	Andalusia. Priego de Córdoba, Spain	View
Prehistoric Iberian individual, Spain	Late Neolithic Spain	3779 BCE	Basque country. San Quílez, Spain	View
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Chalcolithic Spain	3096 BCE	Atapuerca. El Portalón, Spain	View
Western European Neolithic individual, Spain	Early Neolithic Spain	5214 BCE	Atapuerca. El Portalón, Spain	View
Iberia Ca individual, Spain		2900 BCE	Atapuerca. El Portalón, Spain	View
Iberia En individual, Spain		5214 BCE	Atapuerca. El Portalón, Spain	View
Iberia Ca individual, Spain		3265 BCE	Atapuerca. El Portalón, Spain	View
Chalcolithic individual, Spain		3011 BCE	Atapuerca. El Portalón, Spain	View
Iberia Ln individual, Spain		3765 BCE	Andalusia. Cueva de los Cuarenta, Spain	View
Iberia Ba individual, Spain		1600 BCE	La Rioja. Cueva de los Lagos, Spain	View
Iberia N individual, Spain		5299 BCE	Andalusia. Murciélagos de Zuheros, Spain	View
Iberia Ia individual, Spain		2100 BCE	Andalusia. Priego de Córdoba, Spain	View
Iberia Ca individual, Spain		3336 BCE	Atapuerca. El Portalón, Spain	View
Iberia Ca individual, Spain		3096 BCE	Atapuerca. El Portalón, Spain	View
Iberia Ln individual, Spain		3779 BCE	Basque country. San Quílez, Spain	View

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