Record

Sample details

Recorded details and available lineage markers.

Individual

Iberia En individual, Spain

Sample ID: atp005

Date Range

5214 BCE - 5015 BCE

Cultural Period

Early Neolithic Iberia

Biological Sex

Male

mtDNA Haplogroup

J2b1a

Y-DNA Haplogroup

G-PF3146

Social Role

Farmer (AI estimate, era-typical)

Geography

Location

Where this individual was discovered

Country Spain

Locality Atapuerca. El Portalón

A location map is not available for this record.

Chronology

Date range

When this individual lived in the broader context of human history

Iberia En individual, Spain 5214 BCE - 5015 BCE

Context

Historical context

Background information associated with the reference record.

Overview

Early Neolithic Iberia corresponds to the earliest phases of Neolithic lifeways in the peninsula, when domesticated agriculture and herding became established in local contexts. These communities maintained varying regional traditions while sharing broad technological and subsistence strategies associated with early farming.

Region & Environment

Iberia’s environmental diversity—coastal zones, river valleys, plains, and uplands—provided multiple settings for early farming. Fertile soils near water sources supported cultivation, while surrounding landscapes could be used for grazing and foraging, helping stabilize village-based life.

Historical Context

The Early Neolithic is defined archaeologically by the appearance of domesticated economies and associated technologies. In many areas, this period involved the formation of farming networks and gradually expanding settlement, though the pace and character of adoption differed by region.

Populations & Lifeways

Populations were organized around village life with domesticated animals and crops forming the core of subsistence. Household labor included tending fields, processing plant foods, and managing herds. Communities likely also continued using wild resources as supplements, but the central feature was dependence on cultivation and herding.

Archaeology & Material Culture

Archaeology for Early Neolithic Iberia frequently emphasizes:

Pottery vessels and other ceramic technologies associated with storage and cooking
Ground-stone tools for grinding and food processing
Lithic toolkits suited to daily work, often still including flaked stone components Where preserved, architecture and pits or other features can indicate sedentary or semi-sedentary settlement.

Culture & Society

Social identity in early farming communities can be approached through style and practice in ceramics, house layouts, and burial patterns. These choices demonstrate communal norms and shared technical traditions, even as regional differences reflect local histories.

Legacy & Transition

Early Neolithic settlements and material traditions formed a foundation for later Chalcolithic and Bronze Age developments. Transitions are traced archaeologically through changing pottery styles, new toolmaking preferences, and shifts in settlement scale and organization.

Analysis

Genetic comparisons

These comparisons show genetic similarity, not identity or origin. The populations listed are those whose genomes show statistical alignment to this ancient individual.

Similarity reflects shared history, not shared identity. These are analytical comparisons, not claims about who this person was.

Modern Genetic Admixture

This analysis compares the DNA profile with present-day reference populations, showing statistical similarity to modern reference populations from different regions. The excavation site records where this individual was found, not a fixed modern genetic identity.

Europe 70.0%

Southern European 70.0%

Sardinian 31.7%

Iberian 22.0%

Italian 16.3%

Asia 26.0%

Arab, Egyptian & Levantine 26.0%

Levantine 15.8%

Arabian 10.3%

Africa 2.5%

Northern East African 1.4%

Ethiopian 1.4%

African Hunter-Gatherer 1.1%

America 1.5%

Native American 1.5%

Closest Modern Populations

These are the modern populations showing the closest statistical alignment to A man buried in Spain in the era, ranked by genetic distance. Lower distance values indicate closer statistical similarity. Cross-region similarity can reflect shared ancestry, population movement, continuity, or later admixture.

1

Sardinian

3.7303

2

Belmonte Jew

6.8303

3

French Corsica

7.1540

4

Spanish Canarias

8.0387

5

Italian Lazio

8.1891

6

Sicilian West

8.3001

7

Spanish Murcia

8.3163

8

Italian Umbria

8.4080

9

Spanish Andalucia

8.4193

10

Spanish Extremadura

8.4833

Context

Related Samples

This individual exists within a broader network of ancient samples. No ancient genome stands alone.

Search related samples

Individual	Culture/Period	Date	Location	Action
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Chalcolithic Spain	3265 BCE	Atapuerca. El Portalón, Spain	View
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Chalcolithic Spain	2900 BCE	Atapuerca. El Portalón, Spain	View
Western European Neolithic individual, Spain	Early Neolithic Spain	5299 BCE	Andalusia. Murciélagos de Zuheros, Spain	View
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Chalcolithic Spain	3011 BCE	Atapuerca. El Portalón, Spain	View
Iberian individual, Spain	Bronze Age Spain	1600 BCE	La Rioja. Cueva de los Lagos, Spain	View
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Chalcolithic Spain	3336 BCE	Atapuerca. El Portalón, Spain	View
Prehistoric Iberian individual, Spain	Late Neolithic Spain	3765 BCE	Andalusia. Cueva de los Cuarenta, Spain	View
Iberian individual, Spain	Bronze Age Spain	2100 BCE	Andalusia. Priego de Córdoba, Spain	View
Prehistoric Iberian individual, Spain	Late Neolithic Spain	3779 BCE	Basque country. San Quílez, Spain	View
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain	Chalcolithic Spain	3096 BCE	Atapuerca. El Portalón, Spain	View
Western European Neolithic individual, Spain	Early Neolithic Spain	5214 BCE	Atapuerca. El Portalón, Spain	View
Iberia Ca individual, Spain		2900 BCE	Atapuerca. El Portalón, Spain	View
Iberia En individual, Spain		5214 BCE	Atapuerca. El Portalón, Spain	View
Iberia Ca individual, Spain		3265 BCE	Atapuerca. El Portalón, Spain	View
Chalcolithic individual, Spain		3011 BCE	Atapuerca. El Portalón, Spain	View
Iberia Ln individual, Spain		3765 BCE	Andalusia. Cueva de los Cuarenta, Spain	View
Iberia Ba individual, Spain		1600 BCE	La Rioja. Cueva de los Lagos, Spain	View
Iberia N individual, Spain		5299 BCE	Andalusia. Murciélagos de Zuheros, Spain	View
Iberia Ia individual, Spain		2100 BCE	Andalusia. Priego de Córdoba, Spain	View
Iberia Ca individual, Spain		3336 BCE	Atapuerca. El Portalón, Spain	View
Iberia Ca individual, Spain		3096 BCE	Atapuerca. El Portalón, Spain	View
Iberia Ln individual, Spain		3779 BCE	Basque country. San Quílez, Spain	View

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