A man buried in Canada in the era

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Reference library / Sample profile

A man buried in Canada in the era

Explore the recorded context, genetic comparisons and research behind this reference sample.

CanadaThe First Peoples of North America

A reference profile describes this sample. It does not establish a personal or family relationship.

View sample details Explore Shared Roots
AI portrait reconstruction for A man buried in Canada in the era
AI-generated artistic reconstruction, not a photograph of the individual.
Record

Sample details

Recorded details and available lineage markers.

Individual

America North Ancient individual, Canada

Sample ID: XVII-B-939

Date Range

4678 BCE - 4453 BCE

Cultural Period

The First Peoples of North America

Biological Sex

Male

mtDNA Haplogroup

D4h3a7

Y-DNA Haplogroup

Not available

Social Role

Hunter (AI estimate, era-typical)

Geography

Location

Where this individual was discovered

Country Canada
Locality Lucy Islands. British Columbia. Chatham Sound

A location map is not available for this record.

Chronology

Date range

When this individual lived in the broader context of human history

America North Ancient individual, Canada 4678 BCE - 4453 BCE
Context

Historical context

Background information associated with the reference record.

Region & Environment

North America during this very early period was shaped by glacial advances and retreats, shifting coastlines, and changing ecosystems. Environments ranged from cold steppe-tundra and boreal forests to ice-free refugia and newly exposed lands, with strong regional differences driven by climate variation.

Historical Context

This timeframe precedes written records and is studied primarily through securely dated sites and features in stratified contexts. Archaeological sequences indicate long-term human adaptation to major environmental instability, including changing access to water and game resources as landscapes altered.

Populations & Lifeways

Human groups were small and mobile, relying on hunting and foraging strategies suited to local conditions. Diet and mobility were likely organized around seasonal availability of animals and plant foods, with travel routes and temporary camps changing as ecosystems and ice conditions shifted.

Archaeology & Material Culture

Early North American archaeology is characterized by stone tool technologies associated with highly mobile foragers. Evidence often includes lithic scatters, quarrying and toolmaking areas, and occasional deeply stratified features. Materials and tool forms vary by region, but the archaeological signal generally emphasizes stone working, portable technologies, and short-duration site use.

Culture & Society

Because evidence is fragmentary and unevenly distributed, broad reconstructions should be cautious. What can be supported is that societies managed risk and uncertainty in changing environments, developed flexible subsistence practices, and maintained knowledge of landscapes used for hunting and gathering.

Legacy & Transition

As climates warmed over the course of the era, new habitats formed and resources became reorganized across the continent. The archaeological record shows gradual shifts in settlement patterns and tool traditions that set the stage for later Paleoindian and then more regionally diverse pre-Columbian lifeways.

Analysis

Genetic comparisons

These comparisons show genetic similarity, not identity or origin. The populations listed are those whose genomes show statistical alignment to this ancient individual.

Similarity reflects shared history, not shared identity. These are analytical comparisons, not claims about who this person was.

Modern Genetic Admixture

This analysis compares the DNA profile with present-day reference populations, showing statistical similarity to modern reference populations from different regions. The excavation site records where this individual was found, not a fixed modern genetic identity.

America 63.4%
America 63.4%
Native American 63.4%
Asia 35.0%
Northern Asian 24.6%
Siberian 21.4%
Mongolian 3.2%
Japanese & Korean 8.9%
Japanese 8.9%
Central Asian, Northern Indian & Pakistani 1.4%
Indian 1.2%
Oceania 1.0%
Melanesian 1.0%
Papuan 1.0%
Africa 0.6%
West African 0.6%
Nigerian 0.6%

Closest Modern Populations

These are the modern populations showing the closest statistical alignment to A man buried in Canada in the era, ranked by genetic distance. Lower distance values indicate closer statistical similarity. Cross-region similarity can reflect shared ancestry, population movement, continuity, or later admixture.

1
Amerindian North
2.5139
2
Chipewyan
4.2585
3
Mixtec
12.4865
4
Zapotec
12.5585
5
Pima
12.5728
6
Huichol
12.5729
7
Nahua
12.5984
8
Mayan
13.4226
9
Bolivian Pando
13.6846
10
Mixe
13.8898
Context

Related Samples

This individual exists within a broader network of ancient samples. No ancient genome stands alone.

Individual Culture/Period Date Location Action
Medieval individual, Mexico Pre-Columbian Mexico 4000 BCE Sierra Tarahumara, Mexico View
Mesoamerican Civilizations individual, Mexico Pre-Columbian Mexico 4000 BCE Sierra Tarahumara, Mexico View
Andean Civilizations individual, Chile Late Archaic Chinchorro Culture, Chile 4354 BCE Arica. Maderas. Enco C2, Chile View
Northwest Coast Cultures individual, Canada Canada 6,500 Years Ago 4678 BCE Lucy Islands. British Columbia. Chatham Sound, Canada View
Eastern Woodlands individual, Canada Canada 700 Years Ago 1231 CE Old Mission Point. Restigouche River. Atholville. prehistory Tjigog. New Brunswick, Canada View
Pre-Columbian Indigenous Cultures individual, Brazil Hunter-Gatherer Enoque, Brazil 1681 BCE Toca do Enoque Cave. Serra da Capivara. Piaui, Brazil View
America North Ancient individual, Canada 4678 BCE Lucy Islands. British Columbia. Chatham Sound, Canada View
America South Ancient individual, Chile 4354 BCE Arica. Maderas. Enco C2, Chile View
America South Pre Columbian individual, Brazil 1681 BCE Toca do Enoque Cave. Serra da Capivara. Piaui, Brazil View
America Central Pre Columbian individual, Mexico 4000 BCE Sierra Tarahumara, Mexico View
America North Recent individual, Canada 1231 CE Old Mission Point. Restigouche River. Atholville. prehistory Tjigog. New Brunswick, Canada View
Page 1
Individual Culture/Period Date Location Action
America North Ancient individual, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 420 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 10797 BCE Montana. Anzick Ranch, USA View
America North Ancient individual, Canada 4678 BCE Lucy Islands. British Columbia. Chatham Sound, Canada View
America North Ancient individual, Canada 800 CE Truelove Lowland. North Devon Island, Canada View
America North Ancient individual, Canada 1 CE Newfoundland. Englee, Canada View
America North Ancient individual, Canada 1 CE Newfoundland. Port aux Choix, Canada View
America North Ancient individual, USA 1050 CE Alaska. western interior. Tochak McGrath. Upper Kuskokwim River, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 1050 CE Alaska. western interior. Tochak McGrath. Upper Kuskokwim River, USA View
America North Ancient individual, Canada 50 CE Victoria Island, Canada View
America North Ancient individual, Mexico 3000 BCE LC-218. Baja, Mexico View
America North Ancient individual, Mexico 3000 BCE Comondu. Baja, Mexico View
America North Ancient individual, USA 416 CE California. Carpenteria, USA View
America North Ancient individual, Canada 1223 CE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
America North Ancient individual, Canada 1200 CE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
America North Ancient individual, Canada 2914 BCE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
America North Ancient individual, USA 774 CE San Cruz Island. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, Canada 1200 CE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
America North Ancient individual, Canada 1200 CE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
America North Ancient individual, Canada 1200 CE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
America North Ancient individual, Canada 1200 CE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
America North Ancient individual, Canada 1200 CE Lucier. Southwestern Ontario, Canada View
America North Ancient individual, Mexico 3000 BCE Iron Springs. Baja, Mexico View
America North Ancient individual, USA 571 CE New Cuyama. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 416 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 417 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 422 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 100 CE Point Sal. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 700 CE San Clemente Island. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 700 CE San Clemente Island. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 890 CE San Clemente Island. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 1039 CE San Clemente Island. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 775 CE San Clemente Island. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 700 CE San Clemente Island. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 700 CE San Clemente Island. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 1286 CE San Miguel Island. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 1174 CE San Miguel Island. CA, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3700 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 239 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3081 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3700 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3700 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 771 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 663 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 1040 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 78 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3700 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3369 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 2570 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3341 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3700 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 795 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3626 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 410 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 990 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 1165 CE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 2835 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3650 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 3328 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 2835 BCE California. San Nicolas Island, USA View
America North Ancient individual, Canada 3796 BCE Northwest, Canada View
America North Ancient individual, USA 9229 BCE Nevada. Spirit Cave, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 9252 BCE Nevada. Spirit Cave, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 49 BCE Lovelock Cave. Nevada. US, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 26 CE Lovelock Cave. Nevada. US, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 1270 CE Lovelock Cave. Nevada. US, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 126 CE Lovelock Cave. Nevada. US, USA View
America North Ancient individual, USA 7181 BCE Alaska. Trail Creek, USA View
Page 1
Sources

References

Scientific publications and genetic data that inform this profile.

G25 Coordinates

These coordinates represent a position in genetic space, a tool for comparison, not a conclusion. You can use these to perform custom admixture analysis in G25 Studio.

XVII-B-939,0.05213568,-0.32215942,0.10491148,0.07462982,-0.10955232,-0.02709082,-0.20061508,-0.23659768,-0.00393494,-0.01433106,0.0126837,-0.00257594,0.00374038,0.0007654,-0.01972382,-0.00352222,0.00414298,0.01258984,0.01837368,0.0073682,0.0090151,-0.01720776,0.00120608,0.01404634,0.01778881
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