A woman buried in Russia in the Bronze Age era

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Reference library / Sample profile

A woman buried in Russia in the Bronze Age era

Explore the recorded context, genetic comparisons and research behind this reference sample.

RussiaSrubnaya Culture

A reference profile describes this sample. It does not establish a personal or family relationship.

View sample details Explore Shared Roots
AI portrait reconstruction for A woman buried in Russia in the Bronze Age era
AI-generated artistic reconstruction, not a photograph of the individual.
Record

Sample details

Recorded details and available lineage markers.

Individual

Samara LBA Srubnaya individual, Russia

Sample ID: I0234

Date Range

1850 BCE - 1600 BCE

Cultural Period

Srubnaya Culture

Biological Sex

Female

mtDNA Haplogroup

I1a1

Y-DNA Haplogroup

Not available

Social Role

Pastoralist (AI estimate, era-typical)

Geography

Location

Where this individual was discovered

Country Russia
Locality Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara Steppes. Rozhdestveno I
Coordinates 53.1400, 50.0100
Chronology

Date range

When this individual lived in the broader context of human history

Samara LBA Srubnaya individual, Russia 1850 BCE - 1600 BCE
Context

Historical context

Background information associated with the reference record.

The Srubnaya culture, also known as the Timber Grave culture, flourished during the Late Bronze Age roughly between 1900 BCE and 1200 BCE. It was primarily situated in the steppes of Eastern Europe, spanning the region from the Ural Mountains to the Dnieper River, covering vast areas of what are now parts of Russia and Ukraine. The Srubnaya culture is considered part of the broad Indo-European cultural horizon, often linked to the spread of Indo-Iranian tribes.

Geography and Environment

The Srubnaya culture thrived in the expansive Eurasian steppe, characterized by its flat, grassy plains. This environment supported a predominantly pastoral lifestyle, fostering the development of nomadic and semi-nomadic societies. The availability of rich pastures for grazing made animal husbandry a staple of the Srubnaya economy.

Burial Practices

The name \Srubnaya," meaning "timber grave," is derived from their distinctive burial practices. The dead were buried in large rectangular pits lined with wooden planks or beams, creating a timber structure that encased the body. Grave goods, including pottery, metal tools, and personal ornaments, were often placed with the deceased, suggesting a belief in an afterlife where these items would be of use.

Housing and Settlements

Settlements of the Srubnaya culture were typically comprised of temporary structures that reflected their semi-nomadic lifestyle. Evidence of permanent housing is sparse, though remnants suggest simple constructions made from wood and clay. These settlements were often situated near water sources, which were vital for both human consumption and livestock.

Economy and Subsistence

The economy of the Srubnaya culture was predominantly pastoral, focusing on cattle, sheep, and horses, which played a critical role in transportation and mobility. Additionally, there was some degree of agriculture, with evidence of wheat and barley cultivation. This combination of pastoralism and agriculture suggests a flexible economic structure that could adapt to the challenging environments of the steppe.

Tools and Technology

Srubnaya people were proficient metalworkers, as evidenced by numerous bronze artifacts such as weapons (daggers, spearheads) and tools (sickles, knives). Pottery was another significant aspect of their material culture, characterized by simple, often geometric designs. The production of textiles, especially woolen garments, was likely an important domestic activity, although direct evidence is limited.

Social Structure and Lifestyle

The Srubnaya culture likely had a hierarchical social structure dominated by warrior elites, as suggested by the richly furnished graves of certain individuals. The presence of weapons and horse-related artifacts indicates that the status and power might have been closely linked with martial prowess and horsemanship.

Linguistic and Cultural Significance

Linguistically, the Srubnaya culture is considered part of the larger Indo-European family, potentially associated with the Indo-Iranian branch. They played a crucial role in the dissemination of Indo-European languages and cultural practices across the Eurasian steppe.

Cultural Interactions

The Srubnaya culture interacted with neighboring cultures and was part of the larger network of steppe societies. They possibly traded livestock, metalwork, and other goods with cultures in the Caucasus, Central Asia, and Eastern Europe, contributing to the cultural exchange that characterized the Bronze Age.

Decline and Legacy

The decline of the Srubnaya culture around 1200 BCE was likely due to a combination of environmental changes, such as climate fluctuations, and socio-political factors, including shifts in trade networks and pressure from emerging cultures such as the Scythians. However, the cultural and technological contributions of the Srubnaya people continued to influence subsequent cultures in the region.

In summary, the Srubnaya culture represents a significant phase in the cultural and historical development of the Eurasian steppes. Their adaptability to the harsh steppe environment, along with their advancements in metalwork and burial practices, mark them as a pivotal Indo-European society within the Late Bronze Age."

Analysis

Genetic comparisons

These comparisons show genetic similarity, not identity or origin. The populations listed are those whose genomes show statistical alignment to this ancient individual.

Similarity reflects shared history, not shared identity. These are analytical comparisons, not claims about who this person was.

Modern Genetic Admixture

This analysis compares the DNA profile with present-day reference populations, showing statistical similarity to modern reference populations from different regions. The excavation site records where this individual was found, not a fixed modern genetic identity.

Europe 86.3%
Northwestern European 52.7%
English 20.7%
Scandinavian 14.9%
Northwestern European 14.5%
Finnish 2.6%
Eastern European 33.7%
Eastern European 33.7%
Asia 13.5%
Northern West Asian 13.4%
Caucasian 13.4%

Closest Modern Populations

These are the modern populations showing the closest statistical alignment to A woman buried in Russia in the Bronze Age era, ranked by genetic distance. Lower distance values indicate closer statistical similarity. Cross-region similarity can reflect shared ancestry, population movement, continuity, or later admixture.

1
Moksha
3.9996
2
Mordovian
4.2941
3
Erzya
4.3948
4
Russian Kostroma
4.4709
5
Finnish Southwest
4.6454
6
Finnish Central
4.8166
7
Russian Krasnoborsky
4.8680
8
Ingrian
5.0774
9
Russian Ryazan
5.1791
10
Finnish North
5.2840
Context

Related Samples

This individual exists within a broader network of ancient samples. No ancient genome stands alone.

Individual Culture/Period Date Location Action
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Rothenschirmbach Bell Beaker individual, Germany Bell Beaker Culture, Germany 2456 BCE Rothenschirmbach, Germany View
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Esperstedt Corded Ware individual, Germany Corded Ware Culture, Germany 2500 BCE Esperstedt, Germany View
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Esperstedt Corded Ware individual, Germany Corded Ware Culture, Germany 2500 BCE Esperstedt, Germany View
Esperstedt Corded Ware individual, Germany Corded Ware Culture, Germany 2500 BCE Esperstedt, Germany View
Esperstedt Corded Ware individual, Germany Corded Ware Culture, Germany 2630 BCE Esperstedt, Germany View
Esperstedt Corded Ware individual, Germany Corded Ware Culture, Germany 2461 BCE Esperstedt, Germany View
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Anatolian Neolithic individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6500 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
Anatolian Neolithic individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6500 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
Anatolian Neolithic individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6500 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
N individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6500 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
N individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6500 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
N individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6420 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
N individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6400 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
N individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6500 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
Anatolian Neolithic individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6419 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
N individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6224 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
N individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6387 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
N individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6070 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
Anatolian Neolithic individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6225 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
Anatolian Neolithic individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6223 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
N individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6400 BCE Menteşe, Turkey View
N individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6500 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
European Neolithic individual, Hungary Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture Bükk Group, Hungary 5286 BCE Garadna, Hungary View
Indo-European individual, Hungary Early Bronze Age Makó Culture, Hungary 2195 BCE Kompolt-Kigyoser, Hungary View
European Chalcolithic individual, Hungary Late Chalcolithic Baden Culture, Hungary 3320 BCE Apc-Berekalya I, Hungary View
European Neolithic individual, Hungary Late Neolithic Lengyel Culture, Hungary 4496 BCE Apc-Berekalya I, Hungary View
European Neolithic individual, Hungary Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture, Hungary 5297 BCE Debrecen Tocopart Erdoalja, Hungary View
European Neolithic individual, Hungary Early Neolithic Hunter-Gatherer Körös Culture, Hungary 5788 BCE Tiszaszolos-Domaháza, Hungary View
European Neolithic individual, Hungary Middle Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Hungary 5211 BCE Apc-Berekalya I, Hungary View
European Neolithic individual, Hungary Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture, Hungary 5210 BCE Polgár-Ferenci hát. M3-31, Hungary View
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain Chalcolithic Spain 2900 BCE Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain View
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain Chalcolithic Spain 2900 BCE Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain View
Benzingerode Heimburg Bell Beaker individual, Germany Bell Beaker Culture, Germany 2500 BCE Benzingerode-Heimburg, Germany View
MLN individual, Spain Middle to Late Neolithic Spain 3900 BCE La Mina, Spain View
Viesenhaeuser Hof EN LBK individual, Germany Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany 5500 BCE Baden-Württemberg. Stuttgart-Mühlhausen. Viesenhaeuser Hof, Germany View
Scythian individual, Russia Questionable Iron Age Scythian, Russia 385 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Volga Steppes. Nadezhdinka, Russia View
Samara LBA Srubnaya individual, Russia Srubnaya Culture 1850 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara River. Barinovka I, Russia View
Samara EBA Yamnaya individual, Russia Early Bronze Samara Yamnaya 3300 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Sok River. Lopatino II, Russia View
N individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6400 BCE Menteşe, Turkey View
Indo-European individual, Germany Corded Ware Culture, Germany 2617 BCE Esperstedt, Germany View
Linear Pottery Culture individual, Germany Middle Neolithic Esperstedt, Germany 3363 BCE Esperstedt, Germany View
Iberian Neolithic individual, Spain Middle to Late Neolithic Spain 3895 BCE La Mina, Spain View
Western European Neolithic individual, Spain Early Neolithic Spain 5309 BCE Els Trocs, Spain View
Unterwiederstedt EN LBK individual, Germany Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany 5216 BCE Unterwiederstedt, Germany View
Esperstedt Corded Ware individual, Germany Corded Ware Culture, Germany 2563 BCE Esperstedt, Germany View
European Bronze Age individual, Germany Early Bronze Age Unetice Culture, Germany 2137 BCE Esperstedt, Germany View
European Neolithic individual, Germany Late Neolithic Alberstedt, Germany 2469 BCE Alberstedt, Germany View
MLN individual, Spain Middle to Late Neolithic Spain 3900 BCE La Mina, Spain View
Western European Neolithic individual, Spain Early Neolithic Spain 5298 BCE Els Trocs, Spain View
EN individual, Spain Early Neolithic Spain 5304 BCE Els Trocs, Spain View
Samara LBA Srubnaya individual, Russia Srubnaya Culture 1850 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara Steppes. Rozhdestveno I, Russia View
Chelyabinsk MBA Poltavka individual, Russia Middle Bronze Poltavka 2800 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara River. Nikolaevka III, Russia View
Anatolian Neolithic individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6424 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain Chalcolithic Spain 2900 BCE Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain View
Eurasian Steppe individual, Russia Middle Bronze Poltavka 2887 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Sok River. Lopatino II, Russia View
Eurasian Steppe individual, Russia Middle Bronze Poltavka 2871 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Sok River. Grachevka, Russia View
Indo-European individual, Russia Early Bronze Samara Yamnaya 3020 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara River. Luzkhi I, Russia View
Eurasian Steppe individual, Russia Middle Bronze Poltavka 2131 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara River. Utyevka VI, Russia View
Central European individual, Germany Late Bronze Age Halberstadt, Germany 1202 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
European Bronze Age individual, Germany Early Bronze Age Unetice Culture, Germany 2116 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
Indo-European individual, Germany Corded Ware Culture, Germany 2500 BCE Esperstedt, Germany View
European Bronze Age individual, Germany Bell Beaker Culture, Germany 2404 BCE Rothenschirmbach, Germany View
Anatolian Neolithic individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6008 BCE Menteşe, Turkey View
Anatolian Neolithic individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6400 BCE Menteşe, Turkey View
Anatolian Neolithic individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6400 BCE Menteşe, Turkey View
Anatolian Neolithic individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6381 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
Anatolian Neolithic individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6386 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
Anatolian Neolithic individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6217 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
Anatolian Neolithic individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6221 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
Anatolian Neolithic individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6228 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
Iberia Ca individual, Spain 2900 BCE Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain View
Poltavka individual, Russia 2887 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Sok River. Lopatino II, Russia View
Potapovka individual, Russia 2131 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara River. Utyevka VI, Russia View
Yamnaya individual, Russia 3020 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara River. Luzkhi I, Russia View
Iberia Hg individual, Spain 5982 BCE Leon. La Brana-Arintero, Spain View
Corded Ware individual, Germany 2500 BCE Esperstedt, Germany View
Balkans Lba individual, Hungary 987 BCE Ludas-Varjú dűlő, Hungary View
Ceu Lba individual, Germany 1202 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
Unetice individual, Germany 2116 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
Anatolia N individual, Turkey 6221 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
Anatolia N individual, Turkey 6386 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
Anatolia N individual, Turkey 6381 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
Anatolia N individual, Turkey 6217 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
Anatolia N individual, Turkey 6424 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
Anatolia N individual, Turkey 6400 BCE Menteşe, Turkey View
Anatolia N individual, Turkey 6400 BCE Menteşe, Turkey View
Anatolia N individual, Turkey 6228 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
Anatolia N individual, Turkey 6008 BCE Menteşe, Turkey View
Poltavka individual, Russia 2871 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Sok River. Grachevka, Russia View
Bell Beaker individual, Germany 2404 BCE Rothenschirmbach, Germany View
Page 1
Individual Culture/Period Date Location Action
Samara LBA Srubnaya individual, Russia Srubnaya Culture 1850 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara Steppes. Rozhdestveno I, Russia View
Tatarstan LBA Srubnaya individual, Russia Srubnaya Culture 1850 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Tatarstan oblast. forest-steppe zone. Novosel'ki, Russia View
Samara LBA Srubnaya individual, Russia Srubnaya Culture 1850 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara River. Barinovka I, Russia View
Tatarstan LBA Srubnaya individual, Russia Srubnaya Culture 1850 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Tatarstan oblast. forest-steppe zone. Novosel'ki, Russia View
Samara LBA Srubnaya-1 individual, Russia Srubnaya Culture 2021 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara River. Spiridonovka IV, Russia View
Samara LBA Srubnaya individual, Russia Srubnaya Culture 1921 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara River. Spiridonovka IV, Russia View
Samara LBA Srubnaya individual, Russia Srubnaya Culture 1850 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara River. Spiridonovka IV, Russia View
Samara LBA Srubnaya individual, Russia Srubnaya Culture 2050 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara River. Spiridonovka IV, Russia View
Samara LBA Srubnaya individual, Russia Srubnaya Culture 1850 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara River. Spiridonovka IV, Russia View
Samara LBA Srubnaya individual, Russia Srubnaya Culture 1850 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara River. Spiridonovka II, Russia View
Samara LBA Srubnaya Daunian individual, Russia Srubnaya Culture 1850 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara River. Barinovka I, Russia View
Samara LBA Srubnaya individual, Russia Srubnaya Culture 1850 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara River. Uvarovka I, Russia View
Samara LBA Srubnaya individual, Russia Srubnaya Culture 1850 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara River. Spiridonovka II, Russia View
Samara LBA Srubnaya individual, Russia Srubnaya Culture 1850 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara River. Spiridonovka II, Russia View
Samara LBA Srubnaya individual, Russia Srubnaya Culture 1850 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara Steppes. Rozhdestveno I, Russia View
Page 1
Sources

References

Scientific publications and genetic data that inform this profile.

G25 Coordinates

These coordinates represent a position in genetic space, a tool for comparison, not a conclusion. You can use these to perform custom admixture analysis in G25 Studio.

I0234,0.12499594,0.08912232,0.0590421,0.0551301,0.01338908,0.01790546,0.00691768,0.00795778,-0.00958172,-0.02438616,-0.00032386,-0.00283318,0.00354542,-0.0027339,0.00285812,-0.00519382,-0.01266224,0.00246592,-0.00154528,0.00028504,0.00309984,0.00132382,0.00090904,0.00924312,0.00430455
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