A woman buried in Hungary in the Middle Neolithic era

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Reference library / Sample profile

A woman buried in Hungary in the Middle Neolithic era

Explore the recorded context, genetic comparisons and research behind this reference sample.

HungaryMiddle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture, Hungary

A reference profile describes this sample. It does not establish a personal or family relationship.

View sample details Explore Shared Roots
AI portrait reconstruction for A woman buried in Hungary in the Middle Neolithic era
AI-generated artistic reconstruction, not a photograph of the individual.
Record

Sample details

Recorded details and available lineage markers.

Individual

European Neolithic individual, Hungary

Sample ID: I1505

Date Range

5210 BCE - 5003 BCE

Cultural Period

Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture, Hungary

Biological Sex

Female

mtDNA Haplogroup

J1c5*

Y-DNA Haplogroup

Not available

Social Role

Farmer (AI estimate, era-typical)

Geography

Location

Where this individual was discovered

Country Hungary
Locality Polgár-Ferenci hát. M3-31
Coordinates 47.8800, 21.1900
Chronology

Date range

When this individual lived in the broader context of human history

European Neolithic individual, Hungary 5210 BCE - 5003 BCE
Context

Historical context

Background information associated with the reference record.

The Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture (ALPC) in Hungary is an integral part of the broader Neolithic era in Europe, characterized by significant developments in agriculture, social organization, and material culture. This culture, flourishing approximately between 5300 and 4500 BCE, is closely related to the Linear Pottery Culture (LBK) but exhibits distinctive regional adaptations and innovations.

Geographical Context and Chronology

The Alföld Linear Pottery Culture is primarily concentrated in the Great Hungarian Plain, also known as the Alföld, which provides a rich agricultural setting with fertile soils and ample water resources from river systems like the Tisza and the Danube. This strategic location facilitated interactions with neighboring cultures and influenced the ALPC's economic and social development.

Subsistence and Economy

One of the hallmarks of the ALPC is the transition from a foraging lifestyle to a sedentary agricultural one. The inhabitants engaged in mixed farming, cultivating cereals such as wheat and barley, and legumes like peas and lentils. They also practiced animal husbandry, raising domesticated animals, including cattle, pigs, sheep, and goats. The combination of plant cultivation and animal breeding provided a stable food supply and encouraged permanent settlements.

Settlements and Architecture

ALPC settlements were typically small, consisting of several longhouses made of timber and wattle-and-daub construction. These structures, sometimes reaching up to 20 meters in length, were arranged in dispersed patterns rather than clustered villages. The settlement patterns reflect a semi-nucleated strategy, possibly designed to exploit diverse ecological zones for farming and grazing.

Material Culture

The material culture of the ALPC is distinguished by its ceramics, which exhibit a high degree of craftsmanship. Pottery from this period is characterized by finely made vessels with incised or impressed linear decorations, hence the name \Linear Pottery." These motifs often include simple geometric shapes, lines, and sometimes representational figures, possibly imbued with symbolic meanings related to social identity or spiritual beliefs.

Additionally, stone tools are prevalent, with a variety of implements crafted from local and imported flint, obsidian, and other stones. These tools were used for a range of purposes, including farming, hunting, and household activities.

Social Structure and Community Life

The ALPC communities likely had a relatively egalitarian social structure, oriented around kinship and communal cooperation in agricultural and domestic tasks. However, the presence of specialized artifacts and regional trading networks suggests emerging social differentiation, with some individuals or groups gaining prestige through control of resources or trade.

The existence of burial sites within settlements indicates ancestral veneration and a connection between the living community and their forebears. Burials often contain grave goods, including pottery and stone tools, suggesting beliefs in an afterlife or the importance of funerary rituals.

Trade and Interaction

The Alföld region’s location facilitated trade and interaction with adjacent cultural groups, which is evident in the spread of stylistic elements and materials across regions. The exchange networks included raw materials like flint and obsidian, as well as finished goods, fostering cultural exchange and technological diffusion.

Legacy and Influence

The ALPC forms a critical link in the Neolithic transition in Central Europe, between the initial spread of farming from the Near East and the subsequent development of complex societies in Europe. Its innovations in agriculture, settlement organization, and ceramics had lasting impacts on succeeding cultures, including the Tiszapolgár and Cucuteni-Trypillian cultures.

In summary, the Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture in Hungary represents a dynamic and transformative period characterized by advancements in agriculture, settlement patterns, and material culture. Its legacy is embedded in the broader narrative of the European Neolithic, highlighting the processes of adaptation and innovation that orchestrated the rise of sedentary agricultural communities."

Analysis

Genetic comparisons

These comparisons show genetic similarity, not identity or origin. The populations listed are those whose genomes show statistical alignment to this ancient individual.

Similarity reflects shared history, not shared identity. These are analytical comparisons, not claims about who this person was.

Modern Genetic Admixture

This analysis compares the DNA profile with present-day reference populations, showing statistical similarity to modern reference populations from different regions. The excavation site records where this individual was found, not a fixed modern genetic identity.

Europe 86.7%
Southern European 86.7%
Italian 47.2%
Sardinian 26.3%
Iberian 13.2%
Asia 13.0%
Northern West Asian 6.8%
Cypriot 6.8%
Arab, Egyptian & Levantine 6.3%
Levantine 6.3%

Closest Modern Populations

These are the modern populations showing the closest statistical alignment to A woman buried in Hungary in the Middle Neolithic era, ranked by genetic distance. Lower distance values indicate closer statistical similarity. Cross-region similarity can reflect shared ancestry, population movement, continuity, or later admixture.

1
Sardinian
6.0237
2
French Corsica
7.5834
3
Belmonte Jew
7.6377
4
Spanish Murcia
8.3391
5
Sicilian West
8.5019
6
Spanish Canarias
8.5160
7
Italian Umbria
8.5960
8
Italian Lazio
8.6128
9
Spanish Andalucia
8.6287
10
Portuguese
8.7068
Context

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This individual exists within a broader network of ancient samples. No ancient genome stands alone.

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N individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6500 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
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Anatolian Neolithic individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6419 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
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N individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6387 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
N individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6070 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
Anatolian Neolithic individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6225 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
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Samara LBA Srubnaya individual, Russia Srubnaya Culture 1850 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara River. Barinovka I, Russia View
Samara EBA Yamnaya individual, Russia Early Bronze Samara Yamnaya 3300 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Sok River. Lopatino II, Russia View
N individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6400 BCE Menteşe, Turkey View
Indo-European individual, Germany Corded Ware Culture, Germany 2617 BCE Esperstedt, Germany View
Linear Pottery Culture individual, Germany Middle Neolithic Esperstedt, Germany 3363 BCE Esperstedt, Germany View
Iberian Neolithic individual, Spain Middle to Late Neolithic Spain 3895 BCE La Mina, Spain View
Western European Neolithic individual, Spain Early Neolithic Spain 5309 BCE Els Trocs, Spain View
Unterwiederstedt EN LBK individual, Germany Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany 5216 BCE Unterwiederstedt, Germany View
Esperstedt Corded Ware individual, Germany Corded Ware Culture, Germany 2563 BCE Esperstedt, Germany View
European Bronze Age individual, Germany Early Bronze Age Unetice Culture, Germany 2137 BCE Esperstedt, Germany View
European Neolithic individual, Germany Late Neolithic Alberstedt, Germany 2469 BCE Alberstedt, Germany View
MLN individual, Spain Middle to Late Neolithic Spain 3900 BCE La Mina, Spain View
Western European Neolithic individual, Spain Early Neolithic Spain 5298 BCE Els Trocs, Spain View
EN individual, Spain Early Neolithic Spain 5304 BCE Els Trocs, Spain View
Samara LBA Srubnaya individual, Russia Srubnaya Culture 1850 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara Steppes. Rozhdestveno I, Russia View
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Anatolian Neolithic individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6424 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain Chalcolithic Spain 2900 BCE Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain View
Eurasian Steppe individual, Russia Middle Bronze Poltavka 2887 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Sok River. Lopatino II, Russia View
Eurasian Steppe individual, Russia Middle Bronze Poltavka 2871 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Sok River. Grachevka, Russia View
Indo-European individual, Russia Early Bronze Samara Yamnaya 3020 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara River. Luzkhi I, Russia View
Eurasian Steppe individual, Russia Middle Bronze Poltavka 2131 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara River. Utyevka VI, Russia View
Central European individual, Germany Late Bronze Age Halberstadt, Germany 1202 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
European Bronze Age individual, Germany Early Bronze Age Unetice Culture, Germany 2116 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
Indo-European individual, Germany Corded Ware Culture, Germany 2500 BCE Esperstedt, Germany View
European Bronze Age individual, Germany Bell Beaker Culture, Germany 2404 BCE Rothenschirmbach, Germany View
Anatolian Neolithic individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6008 BCE Menteşe, Turkey View
Anatolian Neolithic individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6400 BCE Menteşe, Turkey View
Anatolian Neolithic individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6400 BCE Menteşe, Turkey View
Anatolian Neolithic individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6381 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
Anatolian Neolithic individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6386 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
Anatolian Neolithic individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6217 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
Anatolian Neolithic individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6221 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
Anatolian Neolithic individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6228 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
Iberia Ca individual, Spain 2900 BCE Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain View
Poltavka individual, Russia 2887 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Sok River. Lopatino II, Russia View
Potapovka individual, Russia 2131 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara River. Utyevka VI, Russia View
Yamnaya individual, Russia 3020 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara River. Luzkhi I, Russia View
Iberia Hg individual, Spain 5982 BCE Leon. La Brana-Arintero, Spain View
Corded Ware individual, Germany 2500 BCE Esperstedt, Germany View
Balkans Lba individual, Hungary 987 BCE Ludas-Varjú dűlő, Hungary View
Ceu Lba individual, Germany 1202 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
Unetice individual, Germany 2116 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
Anatolia N individual, Turkey 6221 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
Anatolia N individual, Turkey 6386 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
Anatolia N individual, Turkey 6381 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
Anatolia N individual, Turkey 6217 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
Anatolia N individual, Turkey 6424 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
Anatolia N individual, Turkey 6400 BCE Menteşe, Turkey View
Anatolia N individual, Turkey 6400 BCE Menteşe, Turkey View
Anatolia N individual, Turkey 6228 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
Anatolia N individual, Turkey 6008 BCE Menteşe, Turkey View
Poltavka individual, Russia 2871 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Sok River. Grachevka, Russia View
Bell Beaker individual, Germany 2404 BCE Rothenschirmbach, Germany View
Page 1
Individual Culture/Period Date Location Action
European Neolithic individual, Hungary Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture, Hungary 5301 BCE Kompolt-Kigyoser, Hungary View
European Neolithic individual, Hungary Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture, Hungary 5297 BCE Debrecen Tocopart Erdoalja, Hungary View
European Neolithic individual, Hungary Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture, Hungary 5210 BCE Polgár-Ferenci hát. M3-31, Hungary View
European Neolithic individual, Hungary Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture, Hungary 5300 BCE Hajdúnánás-Eszlári út, Hungary View
European Neolithic individual, Hungary Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture, Hungary 5305 BCE Hajdúnánás-Eszlári út, Hungary View
European Neolithic individual, Hungary Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture, Hungary 5300 BCE Polgár-Piócás, Hungary View
European Neolithic individual, Hungary Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture, Hungary 5217 BCE Hajdúnánás-Eszlári út, Hungary View
Page 1
Sources

References

Scientific publications and genetic data that inform this profile.

G25 Coordinates

These coordinates represent a position in genetic space, a tool for comparison, not a conclusion. You can use these to perform custom admixture analysis in G25 Studio.

I1505,0.10160194,0.1174564,0.0117178,-0.05527276,0.05981338,-0.0202732,-0.00396324,0.00441336,0.03791718,0.06730628,-0.00164478,0.01209558,-0.02114068,-0.014621,-0.01241744,0.00483964,0.01651176,-0.00059684,-0.0029982,-0.00416284,-0.0009677,0.00233054,-0.00820542,-0.01778162,0.00439623
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