A woman buried in Hungary in the Early Bronze Age era

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Reference library / Sample profile

A woman buried in Hungary in the Early Bronze Age era

Explore the recorded context, genetic comparisons and research behind this reference sample.

HungaryEarly Bronze Age Makó Culture, Hungary

A reference profile describes this sample. It does not establish a personal or family relationship.

View sample details Explore Shared Roots
AI portrait reconstruction for A woman buried in Hungary in the Early Bronze Age era
AI-generated artistic reconstruction, not a photograph of the individual.
Record

Sample details

Recorded details and available lineage markers.

Individual

Indo-European individual, Hungary

Sample ID: I1502

Date Range

2195 BCE - 1973 BCE

Cultural Period

Early Bronze Age Makó Culture, Hungary

Biological Sex

Female

mtDNA Haplogroup

K1c1*

Y-DNA Haplogroup

Not available

Social Role

Potter (AI estimate, era-typical)

Geography

Location

Where this individual was discovered

Country Hungary
Locality Kompolt-Kigyoser
Coordinates 47.1670, 20.8330
Chronology

Date range

When this individual lived in the broader context of human history

Indo-European individual, Hungary 2195 BCE - 1973 BCE
Context

Historical context

Background information associated with the reference record.

Overview

The Makó culture is an Early Bronze Age archaeological horizon in Hungary, dated here to 2300–2000 BCE. It is characterized by recognizable ceramic traditions and settlement patterns that place these communities within the wider Early Bronze Age of central Europe while maintaining regional distinctiveness.

Region & Environment

Makó culture sites are associated with the Hungarian portion of the Carpathian Basin, where lowlands and river corridors facilitated agriculture and movement. Such environments supported predictable access to water and arable land, promoting sustained settlement rather than purely nomadic lifeways. Grazing areas in surrounding landscapes would have supplemented crop production.

Historical Context

During the Early Bronze Age, central European societies experienced changes in technology, craft organization, and long-distance contact. The adoption and spread of bronze-related knowledge occurred alongside continued reliance on farming and herding. Communities such as those of the Makó horizon participated in shared regional trends while expressing them through local material styles.

Populations & Lifeways

People associated with the Makó culture are best seen as part of sedentary farming populations, with households managing crops and livestock. Everyday activities likely included food processing, building maintenance, and routine craft work. Evidence for social differentiation is most often sought through differences in material assemblages, including how goods were placed in households and, where present, in special deposit or funerary contexts.

Archaeology & Material Culture

The archaeological visibility of the Makó culture strongly reflects ceramics—vessel forms and decorative practices that distinguish the horizon. Assemblages from settlement contexts indicate that pottery and other domestic items were central to daily life. Metal artifacts, when recovered, can help situate the culture within the broader Early Bronze Age metal-using world, but many inferences must remain general because preservation varies.

Culture & Society

Makó culture material patterns suggest shared conventions in pottery manufacture and consumption practices. This points to ongoing social learning and interaction within a network of communities. The overall emphasis on durable domestic technologies indicates stable village-oriented life, while connections implied by certain artifact traits suggest contact with neighboring groups.

Legacy & Transition

The Makó horizon contributes to understanding how Early Bronze Age societies developed in the Carpathian Basin through continued farming, craft production, and selective use of new materials. Later periods build on these foundations, with changing cultural groups and artifact traditions reflecting evolving regional dynamics.

Analysis

Genetic comparisons

These comparisons show genetic similarity, not identity or origin. The populations listed are those whose genomes show statistical alignment to this ancient individual.

Similarity reflects shared history, not shared identity. These are analytical comparisons, not claims about who this person was.

Modern Genetic Admixture

This analysis compares the DNA profile with present-day reference populations, showing statistical similarity to modern reference populations from different regions. The excavation site records where this individual was found, not a fixed modern genetic identity.

Europe 100.0%
Northwestern European 45.4%
English 20.9%
Northwestern European 12.6%
Scandinavian 6.6%
Finnish 5.4%
Southern European 36.4%
Balkan 20.2%
Sardinian 8.0%
Iberian 7.1%
Italian 1.1%
Eastern European 18.3%
Eastern European 18.3%

Closest Modern Populations

These are the modern populations showing the closest statistical alignment to A woman buried in Hungary in the Early Bronze Age era, ranked by genetic distance. Lower distance values indicate closer statistical similarity. Cross-region similarity can reflect shared ancestry, population movement, continuity, or later admixture.

1
Czech
2.5534
2
Slovenian
2.5697
3
German East
2.5993
4
Hungarian
2.6949
5
Austrian
2.7444
6
German Erlangen
2.7985
7
Croatian
2.8890
8
German Hamburg
3.0879
9
German
3.1692
10
Slovakian
3.2924
Context

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This individual exists within a broader network of ancient samples. No ancient genome stands alone.

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Anatolian Neolithic individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6500 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
N individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6500 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
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N individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6420 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
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Anatolian Neolithic individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6419 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
N individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6224 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
N individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6387 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
N individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6070 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
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Viesenhaeuser Hof EN LBK individual, Germany Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany 5500 BCE Baden-Württemberg. Stuttgart-Mühlhausen. Viesenhaeuser Hof, Germany View
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N individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6400 BCE Menteşe, Turkey View
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Linear Pottery Culture individual, Germany Middle Neolithic Esperstedt, Germany 3363 BCE Esperstedt, Germany View
Iberian Neolithic individual, Spain Middle to Late Neolithic Spain 3895 BCE La Mina, Spain View
Western European Neolithic individual, Spain Early Neolithic Spain 5309 BCE Els Trocs, Spain View
Unterwiederstedt EN LBK individual, Germany Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany 5216 BCE Unterwiederstedt, Germany View
Esperstedt Corded Ware individual, Germany Corded Ware Culture, Germany 2563 BCE Esperstedt, Germany View
European Bronze Age individual, Germany Early Bronze Age Unetice Culture, Germany 2137 BCE Esperstedt, Germany View
European Neolithic individual, Germany Late Neolithic Alberstedt, Germany 2469 BCE Alberstedt, Germany View
MLN individual, Spain Middle to Late Neolithic Spain 3900 BCE La Mina, Spain View
Western European Neolithic individual, Spain Early Neolithic Spain 5298 BCE Els Trocs, Spain View
EN individual, Spain Early Neolithic Spain 5304 BCE Els Trocs, Spain View
Samara LBA Srubnaya individual, Russia Srubnaya Culture 1850 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara Steppes. Rozhdestveno I, Russia View
Chelyabinsk MBA Poltavka individual, Russia Middle Bronze Poltavka 2800 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara River. Nikolaevka III, Russia View
Anatolian Neolithic individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6424 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain Chalcolithic Spain 2900 BCE Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain View
Eurasian Steppe individual, Russia Middle Bronze Poltavka 2887 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Sok River. Lopatino II, Russia View
Eurasian Steppe individual, Russia Middle Bronze Poltavka 2871 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Sok River. Grachevka, Russia View
Indo-European individual, Russia Early Bronze Samara Yamnaya 3020 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara River. Luzkhi I, Russia View
Eurasian Steppe individual, Russia Middle Bronze Poltavka 2131 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara River. Utyevka VI, Russia View
Central European individual, Germany Late Bronze Age Halberstadt, Germany 1202 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
European Bronze Age individual, Germany Early Bronze Age Unetice Culture, Germany 2116 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
Indo-European individual, Germany Corded Ware Culture, Germany 2500 BCE Esperstedt, Germany View
European Bronze Age individual, Germany Bell Beaker Culture, Germany 2404 BCE Rothenschirmbach, Germany View
Anatolian Neolithic individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6008 BCE Menteşe, Turkey View
Anatolian Neolithic individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6400 BCE Menteşe, Turkey View
Anatolian Neolithic individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6400 BCE Menteşe, Turkey View
Anatolian Neolithic individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6381 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
Anatolian Neolithic individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6386 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
Anatolian Neolithic individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6217 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
Anatolian Neolithic individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6221 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
Anatolian Neolithic individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6228 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
Iberia Ca individual, Spain 2900 BCE Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain View
Poltavka individual, Russia 2887 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Sok River. Lopatino II, Russia View
Potapovka individual, Russia 2131 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara River. Utyevka VI, Russia View
Yamnaya individual, Russia 3020 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara River. Luzkhi I, Russia View
Iberia Hg individual, Spain 5982 BCE Leon. La Brana-Arintero, Spain View
Corded Ware individual, Germany 2500 BCE Esperstedt, Germany View
Balkans Lba individual, Hungary 987 BCE Ludas-Varjú dűlő, Hungary View
Ceu Lba individual, Germany 1202 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
Unetice individual, Germany 2116 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
Anatolia N individual, Turkey 6221 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
Anatolia N individual, Turkey 6386 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
Anatolia N individual, Turkey 6381 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
Anatolia N individual, Turkey 6217 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
Anatolia N individual, Turkey 6424 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
Anatolia N individual, Turkey 6400 BCE Menteşe, Turkey View
Anatolia N individual, Turkey 6400 BCE Menteşe, Turkey View
Anatolia N individual, Turkey 6228 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
Anatolia N individual, Turkey 6008 BCE Menteşe, Turkey View
Poltavka individual, Russia 2871 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Sok River. Grachevka, Russia View
Bell Beaker individual, Germany 2404 BCE Rothenschirmbach, Germany View
Page 1
Individual Culture/Period Date Location Action
Indo-European individual, Hungary Early Bronze Age Makó Culture, Hungary 2195 BCE Kompolt-Kigyoser, Hungary View
Indo-European individual, Hungary Early Bronze Age Makó Culture, Hungary 2195 BCE Kompolt-Kigyoser (Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok County, Karcag), Hungary View
Page 1
Sources

References

Scientific publications and genetic data that inform this profile.

G25 Coordinates

These coordinates represent a position in genetic space, a tool for comparison, not a conclusion. You can use these to perform custom admixture analysis in G25 Studio.

I1502,0.13205488,0.13732006,0.06346524,0.04108146,0.0468778,0.01692386,0.00622944,0.01129386,0.01225762,0.00351114,-0.00836116,0.00066342,0.00414084,0.01323028,-0.00537192,0.0056095,-0.00011932,-0.00067108,0.0030096,0.00062862,0.00165574,0.00010352,0.00273926,-0.00652514,-0.0002611
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