A man buried in Russia in the Early Bronze Age era

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Reference library / Sample profile

A man buried in Russia in the Early Bronze Age era

Explore the recorded context, genetic comparisons and research behind this reference sample.

RussiaRussia Samara EBA Yamnaya

A reference profile describes this sample. It does not establish a personal or family relationship.

View sample details Explore Shared Roots
AI portrait reconstruction for A man buried in Russia in the Early Bronze Age era
AI-generated artistic reconstruction, not a photograph of the individual.
Record

Sample details

Recorded details and available lineage markers.

Individual

Samara EBA Yamnaya individual, Russia

Sample ID: I0443

Date Range

3300 BCE - 2500 BCE

Cultural Period

Russia Samara EBA Yamnaya

Biological Sex

Male

mtDNA Haplogroup

W3a1a

Y-DNA Haplogroup

R-Z2103

Social Role

Pastoralist (AI estimate, era-typical)

Geography

Location

Where this individual was discovered

Country Russia
Locality Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Sok River. Lopatino II
Coordinates 53.6397, 50.6643
Chronology

Date range

When this individual lived in the broader context of human history

Samara EBA Yamnaya individual, Russia 3300 BCE - 2500 BCE
Context

Historical context

Background information associated with the reference record.

This era highlights Yamnaya activity in the Samara region during the Early Bronze Age, within the broader Pontic-Caspian steppe world.

Region & Environment

The Samara region lies on the western edge of the Eurasian steppe belt, with open grasslands and river valleys that supported seasonal movement. Pastoral economies could exploit grazing across broad areas, while nearby waterways offered routes for travel and local concentrations of resources.

Historical Context

Around the later 4th and early 3rd millennium BCE, steppe societies increasingly emphasized herding and long-distance interaction. In the wider Pontic-Caspian sphere, Yamnaya groups are associated with changing burial traditions and expanding networks that connected different communities over great distances.

Populations & Lifeways

The populations attributed to the Yamnaya complex are generally understood as mobile herders living in flexible settlement patterns rather than permanent urban centers. Daily life would have centered on managing livestock, moving animals with seasonal needs, and maintaining social ties that could be reinforced through shared ritual practices.

Archaeology & Material Culture

Archaeological signatures linked to Yamnaya activity commonly include stock-raising indicators and a well-known burial tradition involving kurgan mounds. Metal use was present but not universal, and craft repertoires—such as ceramic styles and personal items recovered in graves—provide key evidence for how identity and connections were expressed materially.

Culture & Society

Yamnaya social organization is often interpreted through mortuary practices: grave form, placement, and associated offerings help archaeologists infer patterned communities and relationships. Shared styles of pottery and recurring elements of burial practice suggest communication and movement among groups across the steppe.

Legacy & Transition

As Early Bronze Age dynamics shifted across the steppe, Yamnaya-associated populations and practices contributed to later cultural developments in Eurasia. Over time, regional traditions transformed through changing herding strategies, interaction networks, and evolving mortuary and craft practices.

Analysis

Genetic comparisons

These comparisons show genetic similarity, not identity or origin. The populations listed are those whose genomes show statistical alignment to this ancient individual.

Similarity reflects shared history, not shared identity. These are analytical comparisons, not claims about who this person was.

Modern Genetic Admixture

This analysis compares the DNA profile with present-day reference populations, showing statistical similarity to modern reference populations from different regions. The excavation site records where this individual was found, not a fixed modern genetic identity.

Asia 50.8%
Northern West Asian 50.8%
Caucasian 50.8%
Europe 49.2%
Northwestern European 49.2%
Finnish 49.2%

Closest Modern Populations

These are the modern populations showing the closest statistical alignment to A man buried in Russia in the Early Bronze Age era, ranked by genetic distance. Lower distance values indicate closer statistical similarity. Cross-region similarity can reflect shared ancestry, population movement, continuity, or later admixture.

1
Tatar Mishar
5.6348
2
Tatar Kazan
6.6201
3
Turkish Deliorman
7.4675
4
Moksha
7.7525
5
Mordovian
7.7875
6
Erzya
7.9063
7
Komi A
7.9458
8
Turkish Rumeli
8.1095
9
Pamiri Rushan
8.3706
10
Russian Kostroma
8.4722
Context

Related Samples

This individual exists within a broader network of ancient samples. No ancient genome stands alone.

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Anatolian Neolithic individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6500 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
Anatolian Neolithic individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6500 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
N individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6500 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
N individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6500 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
N individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6420 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
N individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6400 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
N individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6500 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
Anatolian Neolithic individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6419 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
N individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6224 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
N individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6387 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
N individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6070 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
Anatolian Neolithic individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6225 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
Anatolian Neolithic individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6223 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
N individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6400 BCE Menteşe, Turkey View
N individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6500 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
European Neolithic individual, Hungary Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture Bükk Group, Hungary 5286 BCE Garadna, Hungary View
Indo-European individual, Hungary Early Bronze Age Makó Culture, Hungary 2195 BCE Kompolt-Kigyoser, Hungary View
European Chalcolithic individual, Hungary Late Chalcolithic Baden Culture, Hungary 3320 BCE Apc-Berekalya I, Hungary View
European Neolithic individual, Hungary Late Neolithic Lengyel Culture, Hungary 4496 BCE Apc-Berekalya I, Hungary View
European Neolithic individual, Hungary Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture, Hungary 5297 BCE Debrecen Tocopart Erdoalja, Hungary View
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European Neolithic individual, Hungary Middle Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Hungary 5211 BCE Apc-Berekalya I, Hungary View
European Neolithic individual, Hungary Middle Neolithic Alföld Linear Pottery Culture, Hungary 5210 BCE Polgár-Ferenci hát. M3-31, Hungary View
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain Chalcolithic Spain 2900 BCE Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain View
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain Chalcolithic Spain 2900 BCE Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain View
Benzingerode Heimburg Bell Beaker individual, Germany Bell Beaker Culture, Germany 2500 BCE Benzingerode-Heimburg, Germany View
MLN individual, Spain Middle to Late Neolithic Spain 3900 BCE La Mina, Spain View
Viesenhaeuser Hof EN LBK individual, Germany Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany 5500 BCE Baden-Württemberg. Stuttgart-Mühlhausen. Viesenhaeuser Hof, Germany View
Scythian individual, Russia Questionable Iron Age Scythian, Russia 385 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Volga Steppes. Nadezhdinka, Russia View
Samara LBA Srubnaya individual, Russia Srubnaya Culture 1850 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara River. Barinovka I, Russia View
Samara EBA Yamnaya individual, Russia Early Bronze Samara Yamnaya 3300 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Sok River. Lopatino II, Russia View
N individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6400 BCE Menteşe, Turkey View
Indo-European individual, Germany Corded Ware Culture, Germany 2617 BCE Esperstedt, Germany View
Linear Pottery Culture individual, Germany Middle Neolithic Esperstedt, Germany 3363 BCE Esperstedt, Germany View
Iberian Neolithic individual, Spain Middle to Late Neolithic Spain 3895 BCE La Mina, Spain View
Western European Neolithic individual, Spain Early Neolithic Spain 5309 BCE Els Trocs, Spain View
Unterwiederstedt EN LBK individual, Germany Early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture, Germany 5216 BCE Unterwiederstedt, Germany View
Esperstedt Corded Ware individual, Germany Corded Ware Culture, Germany 2563 BCE Esperstedt, Germany View
European Bronze Age individual, Germany Early Bronze Age Unetice Culture, Germany 2137 BCE Esperstedt, Germany View
European Neolithic individual, Germany Late Neolithic Alberstedt, Germany 2469 BCE Alberstedt, Germany View
MLN individual, Spain Middle to Late Neolithic Spain 3900 BCE La Mina, Spain View
Western European Neolithic individual, Spain Early Neolithic Spain 5298 BCE Els Trocs, Spain View
EN individual, Spain Early Neolithic Spain 5304 BCE Els Trocs, Spain View
Samara LBA Srubnaya individual, Russia Srubnaya Culture 1850 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara Steppes. Rozhdestveno I, Russia View
Chelyabinsk MBA Poltavka individual, Russia Middle Bronze Poltavka 2800 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara River. Nikolaevka III, Russia View
Anatolian Neolithic individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6424 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
Iberian Chalcolithic individual, Spain Chalcolithic Spain 2900 BCE Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain View
Eurasian Steppe individual, Russia Middle Bronze Poltavka 2887 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Sok River. Lopatino II, Russia View
Eurasian Steppe individual, Russia Middle Bronze Poltavka 2871 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Sok River. Grachevka, Russia View
Indo-European individual, Russia Early Bronze Samara Yamnaya 3020 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara River. Luzkhi I, Russia View
Eurasian Steppe individual, Russia Middle Bronze Poltavka 2131 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara River. Utyevka VI, Russia View
Central European individual, Germany Late Bronze Age Halberstadt, Germany 1202 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
European Bronze Age individual, Germany Early Bronze Age Unetice Culture, Germany 2116 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
Indo-European individual, Germany Corded Ware Culture, Germany 2500 BCE Esperstedt, Germany View
European Bronze Age individual, Germany Bell Beaker Culture, Germany 2404 BCE Rothenschirmbach, Germany View
Anatolian Neolithic individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6008 BCE Menteşe, Turkey View
Anatolian Neolithic individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6400 BCE Menteşe, Turkey View
Anatolian Neolithic individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6400 BCE Menteşe, Turkey View
Anatolian Neolithic individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6381 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
Anatolian Neolithic individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6386 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
Anatolian Neolithic individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6217 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
Anatolian Neolithic individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6221 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
Anatolian Neolithic individual, Turkey Neolithic Turkey 6228 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
Iberia Ca individual, Spain 2900 BCE Burgos. Atapuerca. El Mirador Cave, Spain View
Poltavka individual, Russia 2887 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Sok River. Lopatino II, Russia View
Potapovka individual, Russia 2131 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara River. Utyevka VI, Russia View
Yamnaya individual, Russia 3020 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara River. Luzkhi I, Russia View
Iberia Hg individual, Spain 5982 BCE Leon. La Brana-Arintero, Spain View
Corded Ware individual, Germany 2500 BCE Esperstedt, Germany View
Balkans Lba individual, Hungary 987 BCE Ludas-Varjú dűlő, Hungary View
Ceu Lba individual, Germany 1202 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
Unetice individual, Germany 2116 BCE Halberstadt-Sonntagsfeld, Germany View
Anatolia N individual, Turkey 6221 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
Anatolia N individual, Turkey 6386 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
Anatolia N individual, Turkey 6381 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
Anatolia N individual, Turkey 6217 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
Anatolia N individual, Turkey 6424 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
Anatolia N individual, Turkey 6400 BCE Menteşe, Turkey View
Anatolia N individual, Turkey 6400 BCE Menteşe, Turkey View
Anatolia N individual, Turkey 6228 BCE Northwest Anatolia. Marmara. Barcın, Turkey View
Anatolia N individual, Turkey 6008 BCE Menteşe, Turkey View
Poltavka individual, Russia 2871 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Sok River. Grachevka, Russia View
Bell Beaker individual, Germany 2404 BCE Rothenschirmbach, Germany View
Page 1
Individual Culture/Period Date Location Action
Orenburg EBA Yamnaya individual, Russia Early Bronze Samara Yamnaya 3300 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Eastern Orenburg. Pre-Ural steppe. Ishkinovka I, Russia View
Orenburg EBA Yamnaya individual, Russia Early Bronze Samara Yamnaya 3010 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Buzuluk. Kurmanaevka III, Russia View
Samara EBA Yamnaya individual, Russia Early Bronze Samara Yamnaya 3335 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Kutuluk River. Kutuluk, Russia View
Samara EBA Yamnaya individual, Russia Early Bronze Samara Yamnaya 3322 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Sok River. Lopatino I, Russia View
Samara EBA Yamnaya individual, Russia Early Bronze Samara Yamnaya 3093 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Sok River. Lopatino I, Russia View
Samara EBA Yamnaya individual, Russia Early Bronze Samara Yamnaya 3339 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Sok River. Lopatino I, Russia View
Samara EBA Yamnaya individual, Russia Early Bronze Samara Yamnaya 3300 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Sok River. Lopatino II, Russia View
Samara EBA Yamnaya individual, Russia Early Bronze Samara Yamnaya 3326 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara River. Utyevka V, Russia View
Indo-European individual, Russia Early Bronze Samara Yamnaya 2911 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Southern Steppe. Ekaterinovka, Russia View
Indo-European individual, Russia Early Bronze Samara Yamnaya 3020 BCE Samara Oblast. Volga River Valley. Samara River. Luzkhi I, Russia View
Samara EBA Yamnaya individual, Russia 3351 BCE Grachevka-2 (Samara Oblast, Krasnoyarsky District, Grachevka Village), Russia View
Samara EBA Yamnaya individual, Russia 3212 BCE Grachevka-2 (Samara Oblast, Krasnoyarsky District, Grachevka Village), Russia View
Samara EBA Yamnaya individual, Russia 2921 BCE Grachevka-2 (Samara Oblast, Krasnoyarsky District, Grachevka Village), Russia View
Samara EBA Yamnaya individual, Russia 3367 BCE Utyovka-11 (Samara Oblast, Neftegorsky District, Utyovka Village), Russia View
Samara EBA Yamnaya individual, Russia 3362 BCE Lopatino (Samara Oblast, Krasnoyarsky District, Lopatino Village), Russia View
Samara EBA Yamnaya individual, Russia 2836 BCE Krasnosamarskoe-4 (Samara Oblast, Kinel District, Krasnosamarskoe Village), Russia View
Samara EBA Yamnaya individual, Russia 2936 BCE Kutuluk (Samara Oblast, Kinel District), Russia View
Samara EBA Yamnaya individual, Russia 3385 BCE Podlesny-1 (Samara Oblast, Kinel District), Russia View
Samara EBA Yamnaya individual, Russia 2936 BCE Kutuluk (Samara Oblast, Kinel District), Russia View
Samara EBA Yamnaya individual, Russia 3385 BCE Lopatino (Samara Oblast, Krasnoyarsky District, Lopatino Village), Russia View
Samara EBA Yamnaya individual, Russia 3039 BCE Orlovka (Samara Oblast, Sergiyevsky District), Russia View
Samara EBA Yamnaya individual, Russia 2688 BCE Nizhnaya-Orlyanka-1 (Samara Oblast, Sergiyevsky District, Nizhnaya-Orlyanka Village), Russia View
Samara EBA Yamnaya individual, Russia 3052 BCE Nizhnaya-Orlyanka-1 (Samara Oblast, Sergiyevsky District, Nizhnaya-Orlyanka Village), Russia View
Samara EBA Yamnaya individual, Russia 3245 BCE Nizhnaya-Orlyanka-1 (Samara Oblast, Sergiyevsky District, Nizhnaya-Orlyanka Village), Russia View
Samara EBA Yamnaya individual, Russia 3093 BCE Leschevo (Samara Oblast, Neftegorsky District), Russia View
Samara EBA Yamnaya individual, Russia 3070 BCE Leschevo (Samara Oblast, Neftegorsky District), Russia View
Samara EBA Yamnaya individual, Russia 3378 BCE Lebyazhinka (Samara Oblast, Krasnoyarsky District, Lebyazhinka Village), Russia View
Samara EBA Yamnaya individual, Russia 3039 BCE Lebyazhinka (Samara Oblast, Krasnoyarsky District, Lebyazhinka Village), Russia View
Samara EBA Yamnaya individual, Russia 2941 BCE Grachevka-1 (Samara Oblast, Krasnoyarsky District, Grachevka Village), Russia View
Samara EBA Yamnaya individual, Russia 3194 BCE Grachevka-2 (Samara Oblast, Krasnoyarsky District, Grachevka Village), Russia View
Samara EBA Yamnaya individual, Russia 2918 BCE Poplavskoe-1 (Samara Oblast, Kinel District), Russia View
Samara EBA Yamnaya individual, Russia 2881 BCE Ekaterinovskiy-Mys (Samara Oblast, Bezenchuksky District, Ekaterinovka Village), Russia View
Page 1
Sources

References

Scientific publications and genetic data that inform this profile.

G25 Coordinates

These coordinates represent a position in genetic space, a tool for comparison, not a conclusion. You can use these to perform custom admixture analysis in G25 Studio.

I0443,0.1132784,0.06334292,0.03319022,0.0385644,-0.00964036,0.01127598,0.00979912,0.00694134,-0.02045088,-0.02645316,0.0048059,-0.00246868,0.00261984,-0.00851464,0.00020096,-0.00715704,-0.01200252,2.28E-06,-0.00698376,-0.00938794,-0.00117264,0.00499508,-0.0074969,0.00942696,-0.00229259
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