A woman buried in Italy in the Copper Age era

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Reference library / Sample profile

A woman buried in Italy in the Copper Age era

Explore the recorded context, genetic comparisons and research behind this reference sample.

ItalyChalcolithic Italy

A reference profile describes this sample. It does not establish a personal or family relationship.

View sample details Explore Shared Roots
AI portrait reconstruction for A woman buried in Italy in the Copper Age era
AI-generated artistic reconstruction, not a photograph of the individual.
Record

Sample details

Recorded details and available lineage markers.

Individual

Nepal IA individual, Italy

Sample ID: R5

Date Range

2905 BCE - 2786 BCE

Cultural Period

Chalcolithic Italy

Biological Sex

Female

mtDNA Haplogroup

D4

Y-DNA Haplogroup

Not available

Social Role

Pastoralist (AI estimate, era-typical)

Geography

Location

Where this individual was discovered

Country Italy
Locality Grotta Continenza
Coordinates 41.9600, 13.5400
Chronology

Date range

When this individual lived in the broader context of human history

Nepal IA individual, Italy 2905 BCE - 2786 BCE
Context

Historical context

Background information associated with the reference record.

Region & Environment

Italy spans multiple ecological zones, from fertile river valleys and uplands to coasts that supported fishing and maritime contact. During the Chalcolithic, communities exploited productive landscapes for farming and herding, while also drawing on locally available stone and mineral resources.

Historical Context

The Chalcolithic in Italy is characterized by the spread of copper working and the gradual emergence of more complex exchange relationships. This period overlaps with wider European shifts toward metal use, new craft specializations, and changing patterns of long-distance contact, though local trajectories differed across regions.

Populations & Lifeways

Agriculture remained central, with mixed farming and livestock management supporting stable communities. Settlement patterns often included permanent or semi-permanent villages, where households participated in food production and in craft tasks such as pottery making.

Archaeology & Material Culture

The material signature of the Chalcolithic includes copper artifacts (when preserved), distinctive ceramics, and stone tools that reflect both everyday work and specialized production. Settlement remains and grave contexts (where documented) provide evidence for how communities organized labor and marked identity through stylistic choices in pottery and other durable objects.

Culture & Society

Ceramic traditions and craft repertoires suggest that communities maintained shared stylistic conventions while also participating in regional networks. The introduction and use of copper likely changed social dynamics by enabling new forms of display and by encouraging craft specialization and exchange.

Legacy & Transition

The transition from the Chalcolithic to later Early Bronze Age developments involved continued growth in metal use and adjustments in settlement and burial practices. Chalcolithic innovations in craft and exchange helped create the material groundwork for subsequent Bronze Age cultural expressions in different parts of Italy.

Analysis

Genetic comparisons

These comparisons show genetic similarity, not identity or origin. The populations listed are those whose genomes show statistical alignment to this ancient individual.

Similarity reflects shared history, not shared identity. These are analytical comparisons, not claims about who this person was.

Modern Genetic Admixture

This analysis compares the DNA profile with present-day reference populations, showing statistical similarity to modern reference populations from different regions. The excavation site records where this individual was found, not a fixed modern genetic identity.

Europe 92.4%
Southern European 92.4%
Italian 43.3%
Sardinian 26.2%
Iberian 22.8%
Africa 5.6%
North African 5.6%
North African 4.3%
Egyptian 1.3%
Asia 2.0%
Northern West Asian 1.4%
Cypriot 1.4%
Arab, Egyptian & Levantine 0.6%
Arabian 0.6%

Closest Modern Populations

These are the modern populations showing the closest statistical alignment to A woman buried in Italy in the Copper Age era, ranked by genetic distance. Lower distance values indicate closer statistical similarity. Cross-region similarity can reflect shared ancestry, population movement, continuity, or later admixture.

1
Sardinian
2.2787
2
French Corsica
6.0906
3
Spanish La Rioja
6.8185
4
Spanish Castilla La Mancha
7.0596
5
Spanish Murcia
7.0940
6
Spanish Menorca
7.0981
7
Spanish Castello
7.1132
8
Spanish Andalucia
7.1626
9
Spanish Pirineu
7.1728
10
Spanish Aragon
7.2065
Context

Related Samples

This individual exists within a broader network of ancient samples. No ancient genome stands alone.

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Abruzzo Epigravettian individual, Italy Epigravettian Culture of Italy 9107 BCE Grotta Continenza (Abruzzo, L'Aquila), Italy View
Sardinia Eba individual, Italy 2204 BCE Sardinia. Porto Torres. SAS. Su Crucifissu Mannu. t.16, Italy View
Sardinia Eba individual, Italy 2468 BCE Porto Torres. SAS. Su Crucifissu Mannu. t.16, Italy View
Sardinia Eba individual, Italy 2296 BCE Porto Torres. SAS. Su Crucifissu Mannu. t.16, Italy View
Italy Ln individual, Italy 5214 BCE Monte San Biagio, Italy View
Page 1
Individual Culture/Period Date Location Action
Abruzzo individual, Italy Chalcolithic Italy 2906 BCE Grotta Continenza, Italy View
Nepal IA individual, Italy Chalcolithic Italy 2905 BCE Grotta Continenza, Italy View
Mediterranean Neolithic individual, Italy Chalcolithic Italy 5214 BCE Monte San Biagio, Italy View
Page 1
Sources

References

Scientific publications and genetic data that inform this profile.

G25 Coordinates

These coordinates represent a position in genetic space, a tool for comparison, not a conclusion. You can use these to perform custom admixture analysis in G25 Studio.

R5,0.11993414,0.16116118,0.02614562,-0.03977482,0.05779078,-0.02005472,-0.0021368,0.0057644,0.03879566,0.06923124,-0.0042969,0.01481028,-0.02627808,-0.01413472,-0.00939364,0.00454392,0.01118738,-0.00035216,-0.00063986,-0.00382842,0.00024146,0.00464332,-0.01225038,-0.01906444,0.00427047
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