A woman buried in Italy in the Neolithic era

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Reference library / Sample profile

A woman buried in Italy in the Neolithic era

Explore the recorded context, genetic comparisons and research behind this reference sample.

ItalyItaly Sardinia N

A reference profile describes this sample. It does not establish a personal or family relationship.

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AI portrait reconstruction for A woman buried in Italy in the Neolithic era
AI-generated artistic reconstruction, not a photograph of the individual.
Record

Sample details

Recorded details and available lineage markers.

Individual

Sardinia N-o individual, Italy

Sample ID: R24

Date Range

3599 BCE - 3373 BCE

Cultural Period

Italy Sardinia N

Biological Sex

Female

mtDNA Haplogroup

N1a1b1

Y-DNA Haplogroup

Not available

Social Role

Farmer (AI estimate, era-typical)

Geography

Location

Where this individual was discovered

Country Italy
Locality Sardinia. Su Crocefissu
Coordinates 40.8101, 8.4422
Chronology

Date range

When this individual lived in the broader context of human history

Sardinia N-o individual, Italy 3599 BCE - 3373 BCE
Context

Historical context

Background information associated with the reference record.

The Neolithic of Sardinia (6000–3200 BCE) represents the consolidation of farming-based lifeways in a Mediterranean island environment. Over these millennia, communities developed material traditions that reflect both local adaptation and participation in broader Neolithic transformations across the central Mediterranean.

Region & Environment

Sardinia’s landscapes offered varied resources: uplands suitable for grazing and smaller plots of cultivation, and coastal zones that could support movement and marine resource use. Environmental diversity supported flexible settlement strategies, with sites often positioned to make use of arable land and accessible water.

Historical Context

The Neolithic in the central Mediterranean is associated with the spread and stabilization of agriculture, herding, and pottery use. Sardinia’s Neolithic sequence is part of this wider transformation, with changing artifact traditions and settlement patterns over time, rather than a single moment of change.

Populations & Lifeways

Neolithic populations relied on crops and domesticated animals, alongside local foraging and craft production. Daily life involved building and maintaining settlements, processing agricultural products, and producing household goods—especially ceramics and stone tools—needed for cooking, storage, and general domestic activities.

Archaeology & Material Culture

Archaeological evidence typically includes pottery, lithic technologies, and features associated with settlement. Ceramic traditions and toolkits provide key chronological markers and allow researchers to compare broad styles across regions. Long-term occupation layers can show gradual changes in manufacturing techniques and in how communities organized everyday spaces.

Culture & Society

Neolithic society in Sardinia likely featured community-based practices for farming and herding, supported by shared knowledge of local resources and seasonal cycles. Material culture indicates that households participated in craft production and that communities maintained recognizable cultural styles that helped reinforce group identity.

Legacy & Transition

By the end of the Neolithic, shifts in material culture and technology point toward transitions into later phases of Sardinian prehistory. These early farming-based communities established patterns of settlement and subsistence that influenced subsequent Bronze Age developments, including the eventual emergence of later island traditions.

Analysis

Genetic comparisons

These comparisons show genetic similarity, not identity or origin. The populations listed are those whose genomes show statistical alignment to this ancient individual.

Similarity reflects shared history, not shared identity. These are analytical comparisons, not claims about who this person was.

Modern Genetic Admixture

This analysis compares the DNA profile with present-day reference populations, showing statistical similarity to modern reference populations from different regions. The excavation site records where this individual was found, not a fixed modern genetic identity.

Europe 96.4%
Southern European 96.4%
Sardinian 38.8%
Iberian 32.1%
Italian 25.5%
Africa 3.7%
North African 3.7%
North African 3.7%

Closest Modern Populations

These are the modern populations showing the closest statistical alignment to A woman buried in Italy in the Neolithic era, ranked by genetic distance. Lower distance values indicate closer statistical similarity. Cross-region similarity can reflect shared ancestry, population movement, continuity, or later admixture.

1
Sardinian
1.9891
Context

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This individual exists within a broader network of ancient samples. No ancient genome stands alone.

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Page 1
Individual Culture/Period Date Location Action
Sardinia N individual, Italy Neolithic Sardinia, Italy 3787 BCE Sardinia. Sa Ucca de su Tintirriolu, Italy View
Sardinia N individual, Italy Neolithic Sardinia, Italy 3346 BCE Sardinia. Anghelu Ruju, Italy View
Sardinia N individual, Italy Neolithic Sardinia, Italy 3949 BCE Sardinia. Anghelu Ruju, Italy View
Sardinia N individual, Italy Neolithic Sardinia, Italy 3941 BCE Sardinia. Sa Ucca de su Tintirriolu, Italy View
Mediterranean Neolithic individual, Italy Neolithic Sardinia, Italy 4200 BCE Sardinia. Anghelu Ruju, Italy View
Sardinia N individual, Italy Neolithic Sardinia, Italy 3967 BCE Sardinia. Anghelu Ruju, Italy View
Sardinia N individual, Italy Neolithic Sardinia, Italy 4158 BCE Sardinia. Anghelu Ruju, Italy View
Sardinia N-o individual, Italy Neolithic Sardinia, Italy 3599 BCE Sardinia. Su Crocefissu, Italy View
Sardinia N individual, Italy Neolithic Sardinia, Italy 4442 BCE Sardinia. Seulo. CA. Grutta I de Longu Fresu, Italy View
Sardinia N individual, Italy Neolithic Sardinia, Italy 4246 BCE Sardinia. Ossi. SS. Noeddale, Italy View
Sardinia N individual, Italy Neolithic Sardinia, Italy 4325 BCE Sardinia. Ossi. SS. Noeddale, Italy View
Sardinia N individual, Italy Neolithic Sardinia, Italy 4310 BCE Sardinia. Ossi. SS. S'isteridolzu, Italy View
Sardinia N individual, Italy Neolithic Sardinia, Italy 3947 BCE Sardinia. Porto Torres. SAS. Su Crucifissu Mannu. t.22, Italy View
Sardinia N individual, Italy Neolithic Sardinia, Italy 4200 BCE Sardinia. Anghelu Ruju, Italy View
Mediterranean Neolithic individual, Italy Neolithic Sardinia, Italy 4231 BCE Seulo. CA. Grutta I de Longu Fresu, Italy View
Mediterranean Neolithic individual, Italy Neolithic Sardinia, Italy 3936 BCE Sardinia. Anghelu Ruju, Italy View
Page 1
Sources

References

Scientific publications and genetic data that inform this profile.

G25 Coordinates

These coordinates represent a position in genetic space, a tool for comparison, not a conclusion. You can use these to perform custom admixture analysis in G25 Studio.

R24,0.11843374,0.16139896,0.02308992,-0.0451036,0.05782912,-0.02250366,-0.002589,0.00553166,0.03992592,0.07178462,-0.0037902,0.01469926,-0.0262176,-0.014796,-0.01153546,0.00490396,0.01428272,-8.294E-05,-0.00076476,-0.00415156,-0.0006524,0.00399072,-0.01214504,-0.01964474,0.00446855
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