A woman buried in Sweden in the Middle Neolithic era

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Reference library / Sample profile

A woman buried in Sweden in the Middle Neolithic era

Explore the recorded context, genetic comparisons and research behind this reference sample.

SwedenMiddle Neolithic Funnel Beaker Culture, Sweden

A reference profile describes this sample. It does not establish a personal or family relationship.

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AI portrait reconstruction for A woman buried in Sweden in the Middle Neolithic era
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Record

Sample details

Recorded details and available lineage markers.

Individual

MN individual, Sweden

Sample ID: Kvarlov5164

Date Range

3945 BCE - 3647 BCE

Cultural Period

Middle Neolithic Funnel Beaker Culture, Sweden

Biological Sex

Female

mtDNA Haplogroup

T2b

Y-DNA Haplogroup

Not available

Social Role

Farmer (AI estimate, era-typical)

Geography

Location

Where this individual was discovered

Country Sweden
Locality Kvärlöv. Saxtorp. Skåne
Coordinates 61.6585, 17.0037
Chronology

Date range

When this individual lived in the broader context of human history

MN individual, Sweden 3945 BCE - 3647 BCE
Context

Historical context

Background information associated with the reference record.

Region & Environment

Neolithic Sweden featured forests, rivers, and coastlines, with varying amounts of arable land. These environments made it possible to combine cultivation with hunting and fishing, particularly through access to waterways. Settlement placement would have been influenced by both land suitability and resource diversity.

Historical Context

The Middle Neolithic (c. 4000–2800 BCE) is associated here with Funnel Beaker culture and the TRB complex. Across northern and central Europe, Funnel Beaker-related traditions are known for spreading farming practices and shared ceramic styles. In Sweden, this period reflects participation in those wider Neolithic networks while also maintaining local trajectories.

Populations & Lifeways

Communities increasingly relied on farming and herding, supported by the management of fields and the processing of plant products. Even as agriculture expanded, foraging likely continued as a complementary strategy, especially in forest-rich and coastal landscapes. Lifeways would have included pottery production, craft activities, and the building or reuse of settlement areas over time.

Archaeology & Material Culture

The most characteristic material feature is pottery decorated in Funnel Beaker-related styles. Stone tools suited to agricultural tasks and woodworking appear alongside domestic debris from settlements. Archaeological patterns in settlements and graves help distinguish local expressions of TRB-related traditions from neighboring regions.

Culture & Society

The spread of Funnel Beaker ceramic forms and related practices implies social connection between communities across large areas. Shared styles in material culture can reflect communication, marriage ties, or participation in ritual traditions. At the same time, local differences in assemblage composition and settlement organization suggest that communities were not uniform and likely retained regional identities.

Legacy & Transition

The Middle Neolithic lays groundwork for later Neolithic and subsequent Bronze Age developments in Sweden. As communities changed their subsistence strategies and networks expanded, these earlier TRB/Funnel Beaker traditions contributed to the long-term evolution of settlement patterns, technologies, and cultural expression.

Analysis

Genetic comparisons

These comparisons show genetic similarity, not identity or origin. The populations listed are those whose genomes show statistical alignment to this ancient individual.

Similarity reflects shared history, not shared identity. These are analytical comparisons, not claims about who this person was.

Modern Genetic Admixture

This analysis compares the DNA profile with present-day reference populations, showing statistical similarity to modern reference populations from different regions. The excavation site records where this individual was found, not a fixed modern genetic identity.

Europe 98.7%
Southern European 81.2%
Iberian 26.5%
Sardinian 24.7%
Italian 15.9%
Balkan 14.2%
Northwestern European 17.5%
Northwestern European 11.2%
English 6.3%
Asia 1.3%
Northern West Asian 1.3%
Cypriot 1.3%

Closest Modern Populations

These are the modern populations showing the closest statistical alignment to A woman buried in Sweden in the Middle Neolithic era, ranked by genetic distance. Lower distance values indicate closer statistical similarity. Cross-region similarity can reflect shared ancestry, population movement, continuity, or later admixture.

1
Spanish La Rioja
2.7741
2
Spanish Castilla La Mancha
3.1714
3
Spanish Pirineu
3.1774
4
Spanish Castello
3.1784
5
Spanish Aragon
3.1893
6
Spanish Burgos
3.2039
7
Spanish Cantabria
3.2047
8
Spanish Terres De L'ebre
3.2466
9
Spanish Navarra
3.2665
10
Spanish Valencia
3.2951
Context

Related Samples

This individual exists within a broader network of ancient samples. No ancient genome stands alone.

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EMN Narva individual, Lithuania Early to Middle Neolithic Narva Culture, Lithuania 4453 BCE Kretuonas 1B, Lithuania View
European Hunter-Gatherers individual, Lithuania Early to Middle Neolithic Narva Culture, Lithuania 5500 BCE Kretuonas 1B, Lithuania View
EMN Narva individual, Lithuania Early to Middle Neolithic Narva Culture, Lithuania 5500 BCE Kretuonas 1B, Lithuania View
MN individual, Sweden Middle Neolithic Funnel Beaker Culture, Sweden 3945 BCE Kvärlöv. Saxtorp. Skåne, Sweden View
Mesolithic individual, Sweden Hunter-Gatherer Motala, Sweden 5724 BCE Motala. Kanaljorden, Sweden View
LN EBA individual, Sweden Late Neolithic to Bronze Age Sweden 2573 BCE Ölsund. Hälsingland, Sweden View
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EMN individual, Lithuania Early to Middle Neolithic Narva Culture, Lithuania 4442 BCE Spiginas, Lithuania View
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LBA individual, Lithuania Bronze Age Lithuania 1257 BCE Turlojiškė, Lithuania View
LBA individual, Lithuania Bronze Age Lithuania 928 BCE Turlojiškė, Lithuania View
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LBA individual, Lithuania Bronze Age Lithuania 2100 BCE Turlojiškė, Lithuania View
Circumpolar Cultures individual, Russia Eastern Hunter-Gatherer, Russia 5500 BCE Yuzhnyy Oleni Ostrov. Karelia, Russia View
EMN Narva individual, Estonia Early to Middle Neolithic Narva Culture, Estonia 4895 BCE Veibri, Estonia View
Indo-European individual, Lithuania Late Neolithic Lithuania 2620 BCE Gyvakarai, Lithuania View
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Baltic Emn individual, Lithuania 5500 BCE Kretuonas 1B, Lithuania View
Baltic Ln individual, Estonia 2575 BCE Kursi. Jõgeva, Estonia View
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Page 1
Individual Culture/Period Date Location Action
MN individual, Sweden Middle Neolithic Funnel Beaker Culture, Sweden 3945 BCE Kvärlöv. Saxtorp. Skåne, Sweden View
Proto-Indo-European individual, Sweden Middle Neolithic Funnel Beaker Culture, Sweden 3086 BCE Gökhem. Västergötland, Sweden View
Proto-Indo-European individual, Sweden Middle Neolithic Funnel Beaker Culture, Sweden 3092 BCE Gökhem. Västergötland, Sweden View
Proto-Indo-European individual, Sweden Middle Neolithic Funnel Beaker Culture, Sweden 3331 BCE Gökhem. Västergötland, Sweden View
Proto-Indo-European individual, Sweden Middle Neolithic Funnel Beaker Culture, Sweden 2921 BCE Gökhem. Västergötland, Sweden View
Page 1
Sources

References

Scientific publications and genetic data that inform this profile.

G25 Coordinates

These coordinates represent a position in genetic space, a tool for comparison, not a conclusion. You can use these to perform custom admixture analysis in G25 Studio.

Kvarlov5164,0.12116076,0.15360958,0.0379494,-0.014198,0.0535243,-0.00889996,-0.00116752,0.00373904,0.02970016,0.0493508,-0.00630122,0.01336612,-0.02330682,-0.01246624,0.00108228,-0.0003034,-0.00033298,-0.00060686,-0.00030694,-0.00318276,0.00303428,0.00399762,-0.01130266,-0.01076994,0.00192443
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