A woman buried in China in the Late Paleolithic era

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Reference library / Sample profile

A woman buried in China in the Late Paleolithic era

Explore the recorded context, genetic comparisons and research behind this reference sample.

ChinaLate Paleolithic China

A reference profile describes this sample. It does not establish a personal or family relationship.

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AI portrait reconstruction for A woman buried in China in the Late Paleolithic era
AI-generated artistic reconstruction, not a photograph of the individual.
Record

Sample details

Recorded details and available lineage markers.

Individual

East Asian Paleolithic individual, China

Sample ID: NE1

Date Range

10774 BCE - 10550 BCE

Cultural Period

Late Paleolithic China

Biological Sex

Female

mtDNA Haplogroup

Not available

Y-DNA Haplogroup

Not available

Social Role

Gatherer (AI estimate, era-typical)

Geography

Location

Where this individual was discovered

Country China
Locality Amur River Basin
Coordinates 46.0000, 125.7300
Chronology

Date range

When this individual lived in the broader context of human history

East Asian Paleolithic individual, China 10774 BCE - 10550 BCE
Context

Historical context

Background information associated with the reference record.

Region & Environment

Late Paleolithic China spans a wide geographic area with environments shaped by Late Pleistocene climatic fluctuations. Cold and steppe-like conditions in some periods would have influenced the distribution of plants and animals, as well as the availability of freshwater and habitable landscapes.

River valleys and coastal or near-coastal zones could offer more predictable resources, while higher or more marginal zones would have required greater mobility. Overall, changing climates likely drove shifts in where groups lived and how they timed seasonal movement.

Historical Context

From roughly 40,000 to 10,000 BCE, hunter-gatherer groups in East Asia navigated dynamic ecological conditions. Archaeological sequences show that tool industries and site use changed over time, reflecting responses to resource availability and demographic or social networks.

Rather than fixed “cultures” with clear boundaries, the Late Paleolithic is best understood through evolving technological traditions and patterns of occupation.

Populations & Lifeways

Late Paleolithic populations lived primarily by hunting and gathering, moving across landscapes as seasonal conditions changed. Portable technologies—especially worked stone tools—supported tasks such as butchery, hide processing, and plant processing.

Settlement evidence often suggests repeated or seasonal occupations rather than permanent villages, though some localities show longer or repeated use. Social learning and regional interaction can be inferred from similarities in stone-tool approaches across distances, but direct evidence for group identities remains limited.

Analysis

Genetic comparisons

These comparisons show genetic similarity, not identity or origin. The populations listed are those whose genomes show statistical alignment to this ancient individual.

Similarity reflects shared history, not shared identity. These are analytical comparisons, not claims about who this person was.

Modern Genetic Admixture

This analysis compares the DNA profile with present-day reference populations, showing statistical similarity to modern reference populations from different regions. The excavation site records where this individual was found, not a fixed modern genetic identity.

Asia 98.8%
Northern Asian 47.1%
Mongolian 35.0%
Siberian 12.1%
Japanese & Korean 32.3%
Japanese 32.3%
Chinese & Southeast Asian 17.5%
Chinese 13.4%
Indonesian Khmer Thai Myanma 4.1%
Central Asian, Northern Indian & Pakistani 1.9%
Central Asian 1.9%
Africa 1.2%
West African 1.2%
Senegambian & Guinean 1.2%

Closest Modern Populations

These are the modern populations showing the closest statistical alignment to A woman buried in China in the Late Paleolithic era, ranked by genetic distance. Lower distance values indicate closer statistical similarity. Cross-region similarity can reflect shared ancestry, population movement, continuity, or later admixture.

1
Oroqen
3.1566
Context

Related Samples

This individual exists within a broader network of ancient samples. No ancient genome stands alone.

Individual Culture/Period Date Location Action
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Ancient Chinese Civilization individual, China Bronze Age China 1510 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
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East Asian Paleolithic individual, China Late Paleolithic China 17605 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
East Asian Paleolithic individual, China Late Paleolithic China 12896 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
East Asian Paleolithic individual, China Late Paleolithic China 12371 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
East Asian Paleolithic individual, China Late Paleolithic China 10774 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
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East Asian individual, China Mesolithic China 8810 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
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Ancient Chinese Civilization individual, China Neolithic China 4445 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
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Ancient Chinese Civilization individual, China Neolithic China 6465 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
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Ancient Chinese Civilization individual, China Neolithic China 5210 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
East Asian Paleolithic individual, China Paleolithic China 32159 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Palaeolithic individual, China 32159 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Asia East Hg individual, China 17605 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Asia East Hg individual, China 12896 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Late Paleolithic individual, China 12371 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Late Paleolithic individual, China 10774 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Mesolithic individual, China 9442 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Asia East En individual, China 8810 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Mesolithic individual, China 8782 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Mesolithic individual, China 8740 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Asia East En individual, China 7458 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Asia East En individual, China 7456 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Neolithic individual, China 6690 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Asia East En individual, China 6465 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Asia East En individual, China 6375 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Asia East Mn individual, China 5210 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Asia East Mn individual, China 4999 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Asia East Ba individual, China 1510 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Amur River Basin Late Paleolithic individual, China 10812 BCE Zhaodong on the northern bank of the Songhua River (Amur River Basin, southwest Heilongjiang Province, Songnen Plain), China View
Amur River Basin N individual, China 4457 BCE Zhaodong on the northern bank of the Songhua River (Amur River Basin, southwest Heilongjiang Province, Songnen Plain), China View
Amur River Basin Late Paleolithic individual, China 12462 BCE Zhaodong on the northern bank of the Songhua River (Amur River Basin, southwest Heilongjiang Province, Songnen Plain), China View
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Individual Culture/Period Date Location Action
East Asian Paleolithic individual, China Late Paleolithic China 17605 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
East Asian Paleolithic individual, China Late Paleolithic China 12896 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
East Asian Paleolithic individual, China Late Paleolithic China 12371 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
East Asian Paleolithic individual, China Late Paleolithic China 10774 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Page 1
Sources

References

Scientific publications and genetic data that inform this profile.

G25 Coordinates

These coordinates represent a position in genetic space, a tool for comparison, not a conclusion. You can use these to perform custom admixture analysis in G25 Studio.

NE1,0.01216744,-0.42868296,0.07434158,-0.04065656,-0.0455408,-0.03382022,0.01871426,0.0237869,0.00473016,0.01364488,-0.00851828,0.001614,-0.00016354,0.0021361,-0.00863334,-0.01223182,-0.00594374,0.00913902,0.01373276,0.00560836,0.0192802,-0.01689482,0.00290578,0.00125482,0.00918518
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