A man buried in China in the era

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Reference library / Sample profile

A man buried in China in the era

Explore the recorded context, genetic comparisons and research behind this reference sample.

ChinaChina AmurRiverBasin N

A reference profile describes this sample. It does not establish a personal or family relationship.

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AI portrait reconstruction for A man buried in China in the era
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Record

Sample details

Recorded details and available lineage markers.

Individual

Amur River Basin N individual, China

Sample ID: NE2_AmurRiver

Date Range

4457 BCE - 4285 BCE

Cultural Period

China AmurRiverBasin N

Biological Sex

Male

mtDNA Haplogroup

D4m

Y-DNA Haplogroup

C-ACT1932

Geography

Location

Where this individual was discovered

Country China
Locality Zhaodong on the northern bank of the Songhua River (Amur River Basin, southwest Heilongjiang Province, Songnen Plain)
Coordinates 45.9600, 125.7800
Chronology

Date range

When this individual lived in the broader context of human history

Amur River Basin N individual, China 4457 BCE - 4285 BCE
Context

Historical context

Background information associated with the reference record.

Region & Environment

The Amur River Basin in Northeast China and the adjacent areas of the Russian Far East is defined by a major river system with floodplain habitats, wetlands, and seasonal forests. Climate shifted markedly from the late Pleistocene toward warmer Holocene conditions, affecting animal distributions, water levels, and access to resources.

Historical Context

This era falls in a pre-agricultural timeframe when societies in Northeast Asia are generally characterized by mobile or semi-mobile lifeways. Archaeological sequences in the region document changing environmental conditions and corresponding adjustments in stone tool technologies and settlement patterns.

Populations & Lifeways

People likely supported themselves through hunting and fishing, with gathering of wild plant foods also contributing when available. Rivers and their tributaries would have provided year-round opportunities, while seasonal movement could track migratory animals and fish runs.

Archaeology & Material Culture

Material culture is typically dominated by stone tools and debitage, with patterns that reflect local traditions and raw-material choices. Archaeological visibility often emphasizes tool manufacture, cutting edges, and components suited to woodworking and food processing, but the overall record in this deep prehistory remains fragmentary.

Culture & Society

At this stage, social organization cannot be reconstructed in detail, but regional technological styles suggest shared learning and social networks. Differences between sites and tool assemblages likely reflect local adaptations to specific landscape zones within the broader river basin.

Legacy & Transition

Over time, environmental stabilization and demographic changes set the stage for later intensification of food production. The long prehistory in the Amur region contributed to a cultural landscape that would later intersect with broader East Asian trajectories toward Neolithic farming and more settled village life.

Analysis

Genetic comparisons

These comparisons show genetic similarity, not identity or origin. The populations listed are those whose genomes show statistical alignment to this ancient individual.

Similarity reflects shared history, not shared identity. These are analytical comparisons, not claims about who this person was.

Modern Genetic Admixture

This analysis compares the DNA profile with present-day reference populations, showing statistical similarity to modern reference populations from different regions. The excavation site records where this individual was found, not a fixed modern genetic identity.

Asia 97.1%
Northern Asian 49.7%
Mongolian 29.8%
Siberian 19.9%
Japanese & Korean 44.1%
Japanese 44.1%
Northern West Asian 1.8%
Anatolian 1.8%
Chinese & Southeast Asian 1.4%
Chinese 1.4%
America 2.9%
America 2.9%
Native American 2.9%

Closest Modern Populations

These are the modern populations showing the closest statistical alignment to A man buried in China in the era, ranked by genetic distance. Lower distance values indicate closer statistical similarity. Cross-region similarity can reflect shared ancestry, population movement, continuity, or later admixture.

1
Oroqen
3.6220
2
Ulchi
5.8502
3
Nanai
5.9581
4
Hezhen
6.0658
5
Daur
6.0960
6
Khamnegan
6.1223
7
Nivkh
6.7552
8
Mongol IMAR
7.3485
9
Mongol
7.4531
10
Negidal
7.4981
Context

Related Samples

This individual exists within a broader network of ancient samples. No ancient genome stands alone.

Individual Culture/Period Date Location Action
Amur River Basin Mesolithic individual, China Mesolithic China 9243 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Amur River Basin N individual, China Early Neolithic China 8175 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Amur River Basin N individual, China Early Neolithic China 7172 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Amur River Basin N individual, China Neolithic China 5471 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Ancient Chinese Civilization individual, China Bronze Age China 1510 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
East Asian Neolithic individual, China Early Neolithic China 7458 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
East Asian Neolithic individual, China Early Neolithic China 7456 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
East Asian Paleolithic individual, China Late Paleolithic China 17605 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
East Asian Paleolithic individual, China Late Paleolithic China 12896 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
East Asian Paleolithic individual, China Late Paleolithic China 12371 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
East Asian Paleolithic individual, China Late Paleolithic China 10774 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
East Asian individual, China Mesolithic China 8782 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
East Asian individual, China Mesolithic China 8740 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
East Asian individual, China Mesolithic China 9442 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
East Asian individual, China Mesolithic China 8810 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Ancient Chinese Civilization individual, China Neolithic China 4448 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Ancient Chinese Civilization individual, China Neolithic China 4999 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Ancient Chinese Civilization individual, China Neolithic China 5210 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Ancient Chinese Civilization individual, China Neolithic China 6375 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Ancient Chinese Civilization individual, China Neolithic China 4445 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Ancient Chinese Civilization individual, China Neolithic China 6690 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Ancient Chinese Civilization individual, China Neolithic China 6465 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Ancient Chinese Civilization individual, China Neolithic China 4990 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Ancient Chinese Civilization individual, China Neolithic China 5210 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
East Asian Paleolithic individual, China Paleolithic China 32159 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Palaeolithic individual, China 32159 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Asia East Hg individual, China 17605 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Asia East Hg individual, China 12896 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Late Paleolithic individual, China 12371 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Late Paleolithic individual, China 10774 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Mesolithic individual, China 9442 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Asia East En individual, China 8810 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Mesolithic individual, China 8782 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Mesolithic individual, China 8740 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Asia East En individual, China 7458 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Asia East En individual, China 7456 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Neolithic individual, China 6690 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Asia East En individual, China 6465 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Asia East En individual, China 6375 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Asia East Mn individual, China 5210 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Asia East Mn individual, China 4999 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Asia East Ba individual, China 1510 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Amur River Basin Late Paleolithic individual, China 10812 BCE Zhaodong on the northern bank of the Songhua River (Amur River Basin, southwest Heilongjiang Province, Songnen Plain), China View
Amur River Basin N individual, China 4457 BCE Zhaodong on the northern bank of the Songhua River (Amur River Basin, southwest Heilongjiang Province, Songnen Plain), China View
Amur River Basin Late Paleolithic individual, China 12462 BCE Zhaodong on the northern bank of the Songhua River (Amur River Basin, southwest Heilongjiang Province, Songnen Plain), China View
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Individual Culture/Period Date Location Action
Amur River Basin N individual, China 4457 BCE Zhaodong on the northern bank of the Songhua River (Amur River Basin, southwest Heilongjiang Province, Songnen Plain), China View
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Sources

References

Scientific publications and genetic data that inform this profile.

G25 Coordinates

These coordinates represent a position in genetic space, a tool for comparison, not a conclusion. You can use these to perform custom admixture analysis in G25 Studio.

NE2_AmurRiver,0.03547402,-0.41602348,0.06983348,-0.03676836,-0.04256624,-0.03054006,0.01259598,0.01587658,0.00570212,0.01258512,-0.0053899,0.00154976,-0.00034952,0.00766962,-0.0060834,-0.0074197,-0.00560972,0.0057056,0.00928058,0.00429546,0.01618938,-0.01183596,0.0010534,0.00232482,0.00666371
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