A woman buried in China in the era

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Reference library / Sample profile

A woman buried in China in the era

Explore the recorded context, genetic comparisons and research behind this reference sample.

ChinaEarly Neolithic East Asia

A reference profile describes this sample. It does not establish a personal or family relationship.

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AI portrait reconstruction for A woman buried in China in the era
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Record

Sample details

Recorded details and available lineage markers.

Individual

Asia East En individual, China

Sample ID: NE49

Date Range

6465 BCE - 6276 BCE

Cultural Period

Early Neolithic East Asia

Biological Sex

Female

mtDNA Haplogroup

D4o

Y-DNA Haplogroup

Not available

Social Role

Gatherer (AI estimate, era-typical)

Geography

Location

Where this individual was discovered

Country China
Locality Amur River Basin
Coordinates 45.6500, 126.9200
Chronology

Date range

When this individual lived in the broader context of human history

Asia East En individual, China 6465 BCE - 6276 BCE
Context

Historical context

Background information associated with the reference record.

Overview

Early Neolithic East Asia is defined archaeologically by the emergence and spread of food-producing lifeways and early pottery traditions. Communities developed settled or semi-settled village economies supported by farming, herding, and local craft production.

Region & Environment

East Asia’s environments include fertile river basins and varied coastal and upland landscapes. Early Neolithic populations typically occupied areas where wild resources could be complemented by cultivation, with access to water and suitable soils encouraging longer-term settlement.

Historical Context

The Neolithic transition in East Asia is part of a wider global pattern in which communities adopt domesticated plants and animals. During 7000–5000 BCE, changes in settlement and artifacts indicate increasing reliance on food production, alongside continued use of hunting and gathering in many settings.

Populations & Lifeways

People lived in small communities that organized daily life around household production. Diets were likely mixed, combining cultivated foods with gathered resources and domesticated animals where available. Seasonal movements may have continued, but settlement traces indicate that longer-term occupation became more common.

Archaeology & Material Culture

Pottery is a major hallmark of Neolithic assemblages in many parts of East Asia, serving cooking and storage needs. Stone tools reflect tasks such as cutting, scraping, and processing plant foods or hides. Archaeological sites often preserve pits, hearths, and domestic floors that help reconstruct village activities.

Culture & Society

Pottery styles, toolkits, and settlement patterns demonstrate shared cultural practices within local regions. While social complexity was likely limited compared with later periods, the Neolithic record indicates emerging norms for production, household sharing, and community organization.

Legacy & Transition

Early Neolithic lifeways provided the foundation for later Neolithic and Bronze Age developments by establishing settled food production and durable craft technologies. Over time, differences in regional trajectories emerged, leading to new patterns in ceramics, architecture, and metal-era settlement systems.

Analysis

Genetic comparisons

These comparisons show genetic similarity, not identity or origin. The populations listed are those whose genomes show statistical alignment to this ancient individual.

Similarity reflects shared history, not shared identity. These are analytical comparisons, not claims about who this person was.

Modern Genetic Admixture

This analysis compares the DNA profile with present-day reference populations, showing statistical similarity to modern reference populations from different regions. The excavation site records where this individual was found, not a fixed modern genetic identity.

Asia 98.1%
Japanese & Korean 67.1%
Japanese 67.1%
Northern Asian 31.0%
Mongolian 15.9%
Siberian 15.1%
Africa 2.0%
Northern East African 2.0%
Ethiopian 2.0%

Closest Modern Populations

These are the modern populations showing the closest statistical alignment to A woman buried in China in the era, ranked by genetic distance. Lower distance values indicate closer statistical similarity. Cross-region similarity can reflect shared ancestry, population movement, continuity, or later admixture.

1
Oroqen
2.3891
Context

Related Samples

This individual exists within a broader network of ancient samples. No ancient genome stands alone.

Individual Culture/Period Date Location Action
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Ancient Chinese Civilization individual, China Bronze Age China 1510 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
East Asian Neolithic individual, China Early Neolithic China 7458 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
East Asian Neolithic individual, China Early Neolithic China 7456 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
East Asian Paleolithic individual, China Late Paleolithic China 17605 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
East Asian Paleolithic individual, China Late Paleolithic China 12896 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
East Asian Paleolithic individual, China Late Paleolithic China 12371 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
East Asian Paleolithic individual, China Late Paleolithic China 10774 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
East Asian individual, China Mesolithic China 8782 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
East Asian individual, China Mesolithic China 8740 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
East Asian individual, China Mesolithic China 9442 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
East Asian individual, China Mesolithic China 8810 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
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Ancient Chinese Civilization individual, China Neolithic China 4999 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Ancient Chinese Civilization individual, China Neolithic China 5210 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Ancient Chinese Civilization individual, China Neolithic China 6375 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Ancient Chinese Civilization individual, China Neolithic China 4445 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Ancient Chinese Civilization individual, China Neolithic China 6690 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Ancient Chinese Civilization individual, China Neolithic China 6465 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Ancient Chinese Civilization individual, China Neolithic China 4990 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Ancient Chinese Civilization individual, China Neolithic China 5210 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
East Asian Paleolithic individual, China Paleolithic China 32159 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Palaeolithic individual, China 32159 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Asia East Hg individual, China 17605 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Asia East Hg individual, China 12896 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Late Paleolithic individual, China 12371 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Late Paleolithic individual, China 10774 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Mesolithic individual, China 9442 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Asia East En individual, China 8810 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Mesolithic individual, China 8782 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Mesolithic individual, China 8740 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Asia East En individual, China 7458 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Asia East En individual, China 7456 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Neolithic individual, China 6690 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Asia East En individual, China 6465 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Asia East En individual, China 6375 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Asia East Mn individual, China 5210 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Asia East Mn individual, China 4999 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Asia East Ba individual, China 1510 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Amur River Basin Late Paleolithic individual, China 10812 BCE Zhaodong on the northern bank of the Songhua River (Amur River Basin, southwest Heilongjiang Province, Songnen Plain), China View
Amur River Basin N individual, China 4457 BCE Zhaodong on the northern bank of the Songhua River (Amur River Basin, southwest Heilongjiang Province, Songnen Plain), China View
Amur River Basin Late Paleolithic individual, China 12462 BCE Zhaodong on the northern bank of the Songhua River (Amur River Basin, southwest Heilongjiang Province, Songnen Plain), China View
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Individual Culture/Period Date Location Action
Asia East En individual, China 8810 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Asia East En individual, China 7458 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Asia East En individual, China 7456 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Asia East En individual, China 6465 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Asia East En individual, China 6375 BCE Amur River Basin, China View
Page 1
Sources

References

Scientific publications and genetic data that inform this profile.

G25 Coordinates

These coordinates represent a position in genetic space, a tool for comparison, not a conclusion. You can use these to perform custom admixture analysis in G25 Studio.

NE49,0.03124186,-0.44452462,0.06881088,-0.04442412,-0.03827824,-0.02970274,0.0178322,0.02039456,0.00452078,0.01216718,-0.01431414,0.00017106,0.00095332,0.00103266,-0.00955332,-0.00961654,-0.00544312,0.0078834,0.01360408,0.00539644,0.01910204,-0.01583232,0.0032932,0.00176336,0.00919768
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