mtDNA Haplogroups
maternal lineage haplogroups passed from mother to all children
2,644 Haplogroups
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RT'JT
RT'JT
The Near East, with subsequent dispersal into Europe, North Africa, and parts of Asia. It is the ancestral haplogroup from which haplogroups R, T, J, and others have descended
~55,000 years ago
0 subclades
S
S
Island Southeast Asia and Oceania, particularly among indigenous populations of Papua New Guinea, Australia, and Melanesia. It is predominantly found in the populations of these regions, reflecting ancient human migrations in Oceania
~50,000 years ago
2 subclades
| Code | Name | Origin | Time | Subclades | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R9C1B | R9C1B | Southeast Asia / Southern China | ~9,000 years ago | 1 | |
| R9C1B2 | R9C1B2 | Southern China / Mainland Southeast Asia | ~7,000 years ago | 0 | |
| R11 | R11 | South Asia / Southeast Asia border region | ~15,000 years ago | 1 | |
| R11A | R11A | South Asia / Southeast Asia border | ~12,000 years ago | 0 | |
| R12 | R12 | South Asia | ~18,000 years ago | 0 | |
| R30 | R30 | South Asia | ~15,000 years ago | 2 | |
| R30A | R30A | South Asia | ~15,000 years ago | 1 | |
| R30A1 | R30A1 | South Asia | ~12,000 years ago | 1 | |
| R30A1B | R30A1B | South Asia | ~6,000 years ago | 0 | |
| R30B | R30B | South Asia | ~12,000 years ago | 2 | |
| R30B1 | R30B1 | South Asia | ~9,000 years ago | 0 | |
| R30B2 | R30B2 | South Asia | ~10,000 years ago | 1 | |
| R30B2A | R30B2A | South Asia | ~6,000 years ago | 0 | |
| RC | RC | South Asia | ~45,000 years ago | 1 | |
| RCR | RCR | South Asia | ~35,000 years ago | 1 | |
| RCRS | RCRS | South Asia | ~22,000 years ago | 0 | |
| RT'JT | RT'JT | The Near East, with subsequent dispersal into Europe, North Africa, and parts of Asia. It is the ancestral haplogroup from which haplogroups R, T, J, and others have descended | ~55,000 years ago | 0 | |
| S | S | Island Southeast Asia and Oceania, particularly among indigenous populations of Papua New Guinea, Australia, and Melanesia. It is predominantly found in the populations of these regions, reflecting ancient human migrations in Oceania | ~50,000 years ago | 2 | |
| S2 | S2 | Island Southeast Asia / New Guinea (Sahul) | ~28,000 years ago | 1 | |
| S2A | S2A | New Guinea / Sahul (Island Southeast Asia–New Guinea) | ~16,000 years ago | 1 |