mtDNA Haplogroups
maternal lineage haplogroups passed from mother to all children
3,237 Haplogroups
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Q1a
Q1a
Oceania, particularly among indigenous populations of Papua New Guinea and Melanesia. It is a subclade of haplogroup Q, which is mainly found in these regions.
~15,000 years ago
2 subclades
R0
R0
The Near East, with significant spread into North Africa, Europe, and parts of Southwest Asia
~15,000 years ago
2 subclades
| Code | Name | Origin | Time | Subclades | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P5B1 | P5B1 | Near Oceania / Island Southeast Asia | ~12,000 years ago | 0 | |
| P12 | P12 | Near Oceania / Island Southeast Asia (Sahul) | ~20,000 years ago | 2 | |
| P12A | P12A | Near Oceania / Island Southeast Asia (Sahul) | ~15,000 years ago | 1 | |
| P12A1 | P12A1 | Near Oceania / Island Southeast Asia (Sahul) | ~12,000 years ago | 0 | |
| P12B | P12B | Near Oceania / Island Southeast Asia (Sahul) | ~12,000 years ago | 0 | |
| PA | PA | To be determined | Unknown | 2 | |
| Q | Q | Near Oceania / Wallacea (Sahul region) | ~35,000 years ago | 1 | |
| Q1 | Q1 | Near Oceania (New Guinea) | ~30,000 years ago | 2 | |
| Q1'2 | Q1'2 | To be determined | Unknown | 2 | |
| Q1a | Q1a | Oceania, particularly among indigenous populations of Papua New Guinea and Melanesia. It is a subclade of haplogroup Q, which is mainly found in these regions. | ~15,000 years ago | 2 | |
| Q1B | Q1B | Near Oceania (Sahul) | ~20,000 years ago | 0 | |
| Q1C | Q1C | Near Oceania (Sahul) | ~25,000 years ago | 0 | |
| Q1D | Q1D | Near Oceania (New Guinea region) | ~20,000 years ago | 0 | |
| Q2 | Q2 | Near Oceania (Sahul/Wallacea) | ~35,000 years ago | 2 | |
| Q2A | Q2A | Near Oceania (Sahul) | ~15,000 years ago | 1 | |
| Q2A3 | Q2A3 | Near Oceania (Sahul) | ~9,000 years ago | 0 | |
| Q2B | Q2B | Near Oceania (Sahul) | ~15,000 years ago | 0 | |
| R | R | South Asia / Near East | ~55,000 years ago | 17 | |
| R0 | R0 | The Near East, with significant spread into North Africa, Europe, and parts of Southwest Asia | ~15,000 years ago | 2 | |
| R0A | R0A | Southern Arabian Peninsula (Southwest Asia) | ~20,000 years ago | 1 |