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Y-DNA · Paternal lineage

I1A1B1A4A2B2

Y-DNA Haplogroup I1A1B1A4A2B2

A reference profile for one lineage branch. Shared haplogroups do not establish a family relationship or cultural identity.

Reference profile

Branch background

Historical context for Y-DNA lineage branch I1A1B1A4A2B2

Origins and Evolution

Y-DNA haplogroup I1A1B1A4A2B2 is a highly specific subclade within the broader I1 paternal lineage, one of the signature Y-chromosome branches of northern Europe. Because it sits many steps downstream from I1 and from the rare parent clade I1A1B1A4A2B, this lineage is best interpreted as the product of recent diversification within a localized northern European male line, rather than an ancient widespread population.

The most plausible origin is Scandinavia or adjacent northwestern Europe, where I1 reached high frequencies and where repeated bottlenecks, drift, and founder effects produced many rare microclades. An estimated age of roughly 4 kya is reasonable for this level of downstream branching, though the exact TMRCA may vary depending on future sampling and phylogenetic resolution.

Subclades

As a very terminal branch, I1A1B1A4A2B2 is expected to have few or no widely recognized downstream subclades at present. Its phylogenetic importance lies in connecting an intermediate rare clade to even more specific lineages, helping reconstruct the branching structure of northern European paternal history.

In practical genetic genealogy terms, such a branch often reflects:

  • a single ancestral male line that survived through a narrow demographic channel,
  • regional founder effects in Scandinavia or nearby areas,
  • later migration and diaspora into neighboring parts of Europe and the wider world.

Geographical Distribution

This haplogroup is expected to be very rare and unevenly distributed. The strongest presence should be in populations historically and genetically linked to I1-rich northern European ancestry, especially in Scandinavia, northern Germany, the Low Countries, and the British Isles. Additional detections may appear in Baltic, East Slavic, Central European, and Balkan populations due to medieval and post-medieval mobility, military movement, trade, and later population mixing.

Outside Europe, occurrences would most likely be found in diaspora communities in the Americas and Australia, reflecting relatively recent emigration from Europe.

Historical and Cultural Significance

The parent lineage I1 is often associated with populations formed in northern Europe after the last Ice Age and later structured by the Neolithic, Bronze Age, and Iron Age demographic landscape. While I1A1B1A4A2B2 itself is too rare and too derived to be tied securely to a single archaeological culture, its deeper I1 background is relevant to populations connected with Scandinavian, Germanic, and northern European continuity.

In historical contexts, carriers of this lineage may have participated in population layers associated with:

  • Iron Age and Migration Period northern European expansions,
  • Viking Age mobility,
  • medieval and early modern movement across the North Sea and Baltic zones.

Because of its rarity, this haplogroup is best understood as a genealogical marker of a specific paternal descent line within broader northern European population history, rather than as a marker of a whole culture or ethnic group.

Conclusion

I1A1B1A4A2B2 is a rare, recently derived branch of the northern European I1 lineage, probably originating in Scandinavia or nearby northwestern Europe. Its present-day distribution is expected to be low-frequency and scattered, shaped by founder effects, regional continuity, and later historical dispersals across Europe and the global diaspora.

Key Points

  • Origins and Evolution
  • Subclades
  • Geographical Distribution
  • Historical and Cultural Significance
  • Conclusion
Reference profile

Tree & Relationships

Phylogenetic context and subclades

Evolution Path

Follow the recorded parent branches toward I1A1B1A4A2B2. Dates are estimates and can change as reference data is revised.

Steps Haplogroup Age Estimate Archaeology Era Time Passed Immediate Descendants Tested Modern Descendants Ancient Connections
1 I1A1B1A4A2B2 Current ~4,000 years ago Bronze Age 4,000 years 0 0 0
2 I1A1B1A4A2B ~4,000 years ago Bronze Age 4,500 years 1 0 0
3 I1A1B1A4A2 ~6,000 years ago Chalcolithic 6,000 years 4 0 0
4 I1A1B1A4A ~6,000 years ago Chalcolithic 6,000 years 2 0 5
5 I1A1B1A4 ~10,000 years ago Neolithic 10,000 years 2 0 0
6 I1A1B1A ~10,000 years ago Neolithic 10,000 years 4 65 6
7 I1A1B1 ~10,000 years ago Neolithic 10,000 years 3 193 0
8 I1A1B ~10,000 years ago Neolithic 10,000 years 1 326 22
9 I1A1 ~10,000 years ago Neolithic 10,000 years 3 410 0
10 I1A ~10,000 years ago Neolithic 10,000 years 5 854 16
11 I1 ~20,000 years ago Mesolithic 20,000 years 3 1,315 2
12 I ~25,000 years ago Paleolithic 25,000 years 4 3,486 79

Subclades (0)

Terminal branch - no recorded subclades

Reference profile

Where in the World

Geographic distribution and modern presence

Recorded origin

Scandinavia or nearby Northwest Europe

Modern Distribution

The populations where Y-DNA haplogroup I1A1B1A4A2B2 is found include:

  1. Scandinavians
  2. Northern Germans and Dutch populations
  3. British and Irish populations
  4. Baltic populations
  5. East Slavic populations
  6. Central European populations
  7. Balkan populations
  8. Recent diaspora populations in the Americas and Australia

Regional Presence

Northern Europe (Scandinavia) High
Western Europe (British Isles) Moderate
Central/Northwestern Europe (Northern Germany, Netherlands) Moderate
North-Eastern Europe (Baltic states, northern Poland) Low
North America (diaspora) Low
Eastern Europe Low
Southern Europe Low
Australia Low
Historical context

A branch through time

Estimated formation in a broad historical timeline. Period markers provide context and do not imply a connection with particular cultures.

  1. ~10k years ago

    Neolithic Revolution

    Agriculture begins, settled communities form

  2. ~5k years ago

    Bronze Age

    Metalworking, writing, and early civilizations

  3. ~4k years ago

    Haplogroup I1A1B1A4A2B2

    Estimated formation of this Y-DNA branch; dates and locations are reference estimates.

    This branch
  4. ~3k years ago

    Iron Age

    Iron tools, expanded trade networks

  5. ~2.5k years ago

    Classical Antiquity

    Greek and Roman civilizations flourish

  6. Present

    Present Day

    Modern era

Reference profile

Archaeological context

Recorded archaeological associations for Y-DNA branch I1A1B1A4A2B2

Recorded associations

These labels describe archaeological contexts recorded for reference samples linked to I1A1B1A4A2B2. An association does not establish that all carriers belonged to a culture or followed a particular migration route.

Austria_Avar Denmark_MaerkebaekgardSyd_Viking Medieval Swedish Norse Norway_Lund_IA Pre-Viking Norse Viking Viking Culture Viking Denmark
Culture assignments are based on archaeological context of ancient DNA samples and may represent regional associations during specific time periods.
PATERNAL LINEAGE · ANCIENT DNA

Ancient lineage evidence map

Follow parent clades toward this branch and explore where ancient carriers were found.

Loading ancient observations…

Markers are archaeological find locations. A dashed connector is an uncertain, proposed geographic transition between consecutive branches supported by multiple dated observations; it is not an exact travel route, birthplace or proof of direct descent. Parent-clade samples may belong to other descendant branches. Gaps remain where evidence is insufficient. Sample dates differ from haplogroup formation dates.

Data

Data & Provenance

Source information and data quality

Last Updated 2026-06-17
Confidence Score 50/100
Coverage Low

Data Source

Classification, estimated dates and geographic context reflect the recorded reference data and may change as evidence is revised. Sample coverage is uneven; recorded locations and archaeological associations do not establish personal origin or cultural identity.